纤维增强韧性基体界面力学行为

分析了纤维增强韧性基体的界面力学行为及其失效机理,按剪滞理论和应变理化规律研究微复合材料的弹塑性变形和应力状态,讨论了幂硬化和线性硬化基体的弹塑性变形和界面应力分布,并给出纤维应力和位移的表达式。按最大剪应力强度理论建立了纤维／基体界面失效准则,推导出弹塑性界面失效的平均剪应力随纤维埋入长度的变化关系。     

单纤维段裂试验评述

单纤维段裂试验作为复合材料界面剪切强度的一种测试方法被沿用至今.但是, 这种方法的可信度已受到一些研究者的质疑.为了明确单纤维段裂试验的问题, 本文首先对试验技术、试验结果分析等方面作了概述, 并指出: 纤维段裂的饱和状态是单纤维段裂试验的终点标志,以及临界长度是由试验得到的唯一数据, 而这二点是这种试验方法独具的特点, 同时也是这种试验方法难以克服的缺陷.在单纤维段裂试验中, 按照纤维段界面端处的局部损伤模式, 有3种界面端应力奇异性分析的问题需要予以考虑:(1)纤维断裂, 基体没有开裂, 和界面没有脱粘;(2)纤维断裂, 基体开裂, 但界面没有脱粘;(3)纤维断裂, 界面脱粘, 基体已开裂或基体未开裂.在单纤维段裂试验的界面端应力奇异性分析的基础上, 本文对单纤维段裂试验的可靠性进行了研究.结论是: 任何纤维和基体组成的复合材料的单纤维段裂试验都存在界面端应力奇异性, 这就排除了用单纤维段裂试验测定界面剪切强度的可能性.      

Stress concentrations in composites with interface sliding,matrix stiffness and uneven fiber spacing using shear lag theory

The stress concentrations near a single fiber break in a unidirectionally reinforced fiber composite are investigated using a shear lag theory within the framework of finite elements. A model for uniformly spaced, well bonded fibers embedded in a matrix that cannot carry axial loads that was formulated previously is first introduced. The solution of this problem involves Fourier transforms and requires only a two-dimensional numerical integration. The work described in the current paper characterizes the stress concentrations around a single fiber break in the presence of fiber/matrix interface sliding, axial matrix stiffness and uneven fiber spacing. Due to the introduction of these complicating factors, the model no longer lends itself to the simple Fourier transformation solution method. For the case of interface sliding a new method is developed to handle sliding in any shear lag system. For the cases of axial matrix stiffness and uneven fiber spacing a finite element code specifically written for this problem is used to determine the fiber stresses. The results are discussed in the context of global versus local load sharing, and the effects on composite failure.     

A periodic unit-cell simulation of fiber arrangement dependence on the transverse tensile failure in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites

The effect of fiber arrangement on transverse tensile failure in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites with a strong fiber-matrix interface was studied using a unit-cell model that includes a continuum damage mechanics model. The simulated results indicated that tensile strength is lower when neighboring fibers are arrayed parallel to the loading direction than with other fiber arrangements. A shear band occurs between neighboring fibers, and the damage in the matrix propagates around the shear band when the interfacial normal stress (INS) is sufficiently high. Moreover, based on the observation of Hobbiebrunken et al., we reproduced the damage process in actual composites with a nonuniform fiber arrangement. The simulated results clarified that the region where neighboring fibers are arrayed parallel to the loading direction becomes the origin of the transverse failure in the composites. The cracking sites observed in the simulation are consistent with experimental results. Therefore, the matrix damage in the region where the fiber is arrayed parallel to the loading direction is a key factor in understanding transverse failure in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites with a strong fiber/matrix interface.     

单纤维压出实验模型的力学分析

单纤维压出实验是一种细观实验方法,用于测量复合材料的界面强度。本文采用子域法处理多域问题,利用轴对称边界元程序,对单纤维压出实验模型的应力传递进行了分析,并与常用的剪切滞后理论的分析结果进行了比较,发现在大部分纤维埋置区域,两种分析吻合很好,在纤维与基体的界面端部,边界元的分析结果显示界面应力在该区域有奇异现象,而剪滞理论则无法反映应力奇异现象。应力奇异现象的存在使得我们对该实验的界面强度判据需要     

A variational method for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites with matrix creep

A variational method is developed for analyzing the matrix creep induced time-dependent change in fiber stress profiles in unidirectional composites. A functional of admissible profiles of fiber stress rate is presented by supposing a fiber broken in matrix as well as a fiber pulled out from matrix. The functional is shown to have the stationary function satisfying an incremental differential equation based on the shear lag assumption. Then, the stationary function is approximately determined by assuming bilinear profiles of fiber stress and a power law of matrix creep, leading to analytical solutions for the time-dependent change in fiber stress profiles. The solutions are verified on the basis of an energy balance equation and a finite difference computation. Moreover, it is shown that the solution for the fiber pull-out model agrees well with an experiment on a single carbon fiber/acrylic model composite if the initial slip at fiber/matrix interface is taken into account. In addition, the solution for the fiber breakage model is used for evaluating the characteristic time in long-term creep rupture of unidirectional composite.     

纤维增强橡胶复合材料界面力学性能有限元分析

基于剪滞理论,引入双线性内聚力模型研究了纤维与基体界面应力传递机理.采用ABAQUS模拟了非理想界面在单纤维拔出过程中的脱粘失效,分析了不同脱粘阶段界面剪应力分布情况,以及界面刚度和纤维长径比对界面应力传递和拔出载荷的影响规律.结果表明,在纤维受载失效过程中,纤维的拔出过程可分为4个阶段,即界面的完全粘结、损伤演化、逐渐脱粘、完全脱粘.界面的刚度和纤维长径比对界面应力传递与最大拔出力均有一定的影响.界面刚度、纤维长径比主要影响纤维的最大拔出载荷以及界面脱粘失效位移.     

The symplectic system method in the stress analysis of 2D elasto-viscoelastic fiber reinforced composites

With the aid of the variational method and Laplace transformation, the symplectic system method is employed into two-dimensional elastic–viscoelastic fiber reinforced composites. The fundamental eigenfunctions of the governing equations are generalized to the time domain. Therefore the problem can be discussed directly in the time domain, and the iterative application of Laplace transformation is not needed. Using this method, all the stress components of the inner fiber and outer matrix, and hence the stress transfer in the interface between the fiber and matrix, are expressed analytically. The results obtained by the approach are accurate, because all the boundary conditions prescribed on the surfaces and ends of the composites can be satisfied. Numerical example demonstrate that both the shear stress and the normal stress decrease with time due to the viscoelastic property of the matrix, and that stress concentration occurs near the end.     

微拉曼光谱研究M55JB碳纤维/微滴的拉伸变形行为

使用评价纤维/基体界面力学性能的新方法纤维微滴拉伸测试,来研究M55JB碳纤维/环氧树脂基体之间的界面应力传递性能。使用自制的微加载装置对碳纤维/环氧树脂微滴试样进行对称式拉伸测试,用微拉曼光谱仪记录下不同应变下的嵌入微滴内纤维上的拉曼频移信号,经过应力/频移关系转换成纤维轴向应力。实验结果显示,微滴内纤维轴向应力随载荷而明显增加。根据界面力平衡模型得到相应的界面剪切应力呈反对称式分布,在纤维嵌入端存在剪应力集中。新测试方法能保证嵌入微滴内纤维上的应力呈对称式分布,而且能降低纤维嵌入端附近的应力奇异性。     

非理想界面对三相复合材料应力场的影响

对非理想界面的三相复合材料,提出了计算弹性应力场的微观力学模型,在适当的简化假设下,对带界相的颗粒增强和纤维增强复合材料,得到了应力场的计算公式。以剪切载荷为例给出了数值例子。给出的数值结果表明非理想界面对三相复合材料应力场的影响。     

固化温度对碳纤维/环氧基体界面行为影响的分析

对界面粘结性能及热残余应力影响下的单纤维复合材料的界面行为进行了分析。采用界面的弹性-软化内聚力模型,用解析法对单纤维复合材料由固化引起的热残余应力、以及单纤维碎断过程纤维的轴向应力分布进行了模拟,得到了碳纤维/环氧树脂在常温和高温固化两种情况的界面粘结性能。结果表明：与常温固化相比,高温固化后,界面的剪切强度增幅不大,界面的断裂韧性显著增加;高温固化后形成的界面,使界面的软化提前、界面的脱粘延迟;高温固化产生的纤维轴向和界面径向热残余应力对界面的软化均有延迟作用;界面径向热残余应力还对界面的脱粘有延迟作用。     

Uncertainties of unidirectional composite strength under tensile loading and variation of environmental condition

A probabilistic strength model is developed for unidirectional composites with fibers in hexagonal arrays. The model assumes that, a central core of broken fibers surrounded by unbroken fibers which are subjected to unidirectional tensile loading. The proposed approach consists in using a modified shear lag model to calculate the ineffective lengths and stress concentrations around fiber breaks. The main feature in the model lies in incorporating the variation of composite properties due to temperature and moisture, in order to predict degradation of fibers and matrix characteristics. The strength degradation is often seen as a result of changes in ineffective lengths at fiber breaks, leading to stress concentrations in intact neighboring fibers. As fiber breaks are intrinsically random, the variability of input data allows us to describe the probabilistic model by using the Monte-Carlo method. The sensitivities of the mechanical response are evaluated regarding the uncertainties in design variables such as Young’s modulus of fibers and matrix, fiber reference strength, shear yield stress, fiber volume fraction and shear parameter defining the shear stress in the inelastic region.     

Thin interphase/imperfect interface in elasticity with application to coated fiber composites

The imperfect interface conditions which are equivalent to the effect of a thin elastic interphase are derived by a Taylor expansion method in terms of interface displacement and traction jumps. Plane and cylindrical interfaces are analyzed as special cases. The effective elastic moduli of a unidirectional coated fiber composite are obtained on the basis of the derived imperfect interface conditions. High accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparison of solutions of several problems in terms of the imperfect interface conditions or explicit presence of interphase as a third phase. The problems considered are transverse shear of a coated infinite fiber in infinite matrix and effective transverse bulk and shear moduli and effective axial shear modulus of a coated fiber composite. Unlike previous elastic imperfect interface conditions in the literature, the present ones are valid for the entire range of interphase stiffness, from very small to very large.     

Failure analysis of unidirectional fiber composites under combined axial tension and shear

A method of analysis is proposed for investigating the mechanics of failure of unidirectional, fiber composite materials subjected to axial tension and shear. The mechanisms of failure are assumed to result from the interaction of the applied shear stress and local matrix shear stress concentrations which arise as a result of the scattered fiber breaks that occur throughout the material. Two modes of failure are identified. One is associated with the unstable growth of shear failure regions in the matrix. The other is primarily a tensile failure mode which is influenced by the applied shear. The analysis predicts that a variety of shear-tensile stress failure surfaces are possible, depending on material properties. The results suggest that radical changes in the shape of failure surfaces can occur as the result of environmental effects. This has significant implications for reliability.     

Penny-shaped crack in a fiber-reinforced matrix

Using the slender inclusion model developed earlier the elastostatic interaction problem between a penny-shaped crack and elastic fibers in an elastic matrix is formulated. For a single set and for multiple sets of fibers oriented perpendicularly to the plane of the crack and distributed symmetrically on concentric circles the problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations. Techniques for the regularization and for the numerical solution of the system are outlined. For various fiber geometries numerical examples are given and distribution of the stress intensity factor along the crack border is obtained. Sample results showing the distribution of the fiber stress and a measure of the fiber-matrix interface shear are also included.     

短纤维复合材料应力传递的修正剪滞理论

对短纤维增强金属基复合材料应力传递的传统剪滞理论进行了修正和改进。修正理论中包含了一些在传统剪滞理论中没有很好考虑的因素,包括纤维端部的正应力传递和界面的结合状态。推导得到了描述短纤维复合材料应力传递机制的一些公式。通过与有限元分析得到的应力传递结果比较发现,修正理论对应力传递的描述准确性明显优于传统的剪滞理论。修正是合理而必须的。     

短纤维金属基复合材料应力传递的有限元分析

基于短纤维增强金属基复合材料的单纤维轴对称和三维细观力学模型,利用弹塑性有限元分析方法对该复合材料中基体与纤维间的应力传递进行研究,研究中主要讨论了基体、纤维和界面的力学性能以及纤维位向的变化对应力传递和应力分布的影响。研究表明,复合材料微结构参数的变化将显著影响基体与纤维间的应力传递和复合材料中的应力分布,复合材料设计过程中必须考虑合理的微结构特征。     

A different approach for calculation of stress intensity factors in continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites

In this paper, a numerical model developed for the analysis of a cylindrical element of matrix containing a single fiber is presented. A ring-shaped crack is assumed at interface of fiber and matrix. Both layers in the model are bonded perfectly with the exception of the crack faces. Contact elements, which have bonded feature, are used between fiber and matrix. Displacement correlation method is used to calculate opening-mode and sliding-mode stress intensity factors. These results obtained from the analysis help to understand the debonding phenomenon between fiber and matrix interface. Effects of the mechanical properties of fiber and matrix on direction of crack propagation are also discussed.     

裂纹端部细短纤维的应力分析

基于裂纹端部存在与其裂纹面相垂直的二相细短纤维分析模型，采用叠加原理推导了求解纤维表面应力分布函数的积分方程，通过简化得到了该方程的解析表达显式，该积分方程的特征值方程是纤维几何参数，材料常数以及纤维相对于裂纹位置的相关函数，当材料参数不满足特征方程时，积分方程将具有唯一解；并借助数值方法，给出了纤维剪应力分布算例，和纤维对应力强度因子的影响。     

界面脱粘对陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线的影响

采用细观力学方法对脆性纤维增强的陶瓷基复合材料拉-拉疲劳载荷下应力-应变迟滞回线进行了研究,将拉梅公式与库仑摩擦法则相结合分析了界面脱粘区以及粘结区复合材料细观应力场.根据卸载与重新加载时纤维相对基体滑移机制,分析了加卸载纤维轴向应力分布,结合断裂力学界面脱粘准则确定了初始加载界面脱粘长度ls、卸载界面反向滑移长度y以及重新加载界面滑移长度z',讨论了界面脱粘能和界面摩擦系数对初始界面脱粘、卸载界面反向滑移、重新加载界面滑移以及加卸载迟滞回线的影响.并与Pryce-Smith模型和试验数据进行对比表明:该文模型与试验曲线吻合的较好.