纳米电化学传感器检测微生物的研究进展

致病微生物是影响人类健康的一类重要微生物。基于纳米材料的电化学免疫生物传感器在致病微生物检测方面具有检测速度快,灵敏度高,检测下限低,成本低等优点。本文综述了几种纳米材料电化学免疫生物传感器的构建和实验研究,分析了各种纳米材料如何改善电化学传感器性能,并具体比较分析了不同纳米电化学生物传感器对各种病原微生物的检测研究,最后,对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

纳米材料电化学与生物传感器——有机微污染物检测新途径

本文介绍了近年来纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的研究现状,分析了这些传感器中纳米材料修饰电极的特点,重点阐述了纳米材料在有机微污染物检测中的重要作用,列举了一些纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的应用。最后对纳米材料电化学与生物传感器用于有机微污染物的检测研究进行了简要评述和展望。     

双酚A电化学检测方法的研究进展

综述了双酚A的直接电化学检测方法(用于裸电极表面的修饰材料包括纳米材料、新型材料和生物材料)和间接电化学检测方法(包括电化学适配体传感器,电化学酶传感器和电化学分子印迹传感器)的研究进展,并对其前景进行了简要展望(引用文献54篇).     

基于金属有机框架材料的光/电化学传感器在水环境检测中的应用进展

随着人们对水环境质量的要求日益增加,开发简便、灵敏和准确的新型水环境检测技术已成为研究的热点。金属有机框架化合物(Metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)是一类由金属离子或团簇和有机配体自组装形成的多孔配位聚合物,因其具有吸附可逆、催化活性高、比表面积大、孔径可调和结构多样等特性,可作为光/电化学传感材料,在水环境检测方面表现出巨大的应用潜力。本文介绍了近年来基于MOFs的光/电化学传感器在检测水环境中阴离子、重金属离子和有机化合物等污染物的研究进展,重点介绍了比色传感器、荧光传感器、化学发光传感器、电化学传感器、电化学发光传感器和光电化学传感器,最后,对基于MOFs的光/电化学传感器在水环境检测方面的未来发展前景进行了展望。     

电化学免疫传感器在肿瘤标志物检测中的应用

针对电化学免疫传感器研究的关键问题传感器的灵敏度,将具有优异性质的纳米材料及纳米复合材料应用于传感器敏感界面构建和电化学活性纳米探针的设计去增强检测信号方面进行总结,并将电极表面生物识别层的固定方法及电化学免疫传感器对多肿瘤标志物的联合检测应用进行了的综述,且对电化学免疫传感器的应用前景进行展望。     

基于纳米材料的电化学生物传感器检测微生物的研究进展

致病微生物是影响人类健康的一类重要微生物。基于纳米材料的电化学生物传感器在致病微生物检测方面具有检测速度快、灵敏度高、检出限低、成本低等优点。本文对几种基于纳米材料的电化学生物传感器的研究进展进行了介绍,分析了各种纳米材料如何改善电化学传感器性能,并对各种传感器的检测结果进行了比较分析;最后,对该领域未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

海洋毒素电化学生物传感器

由藻类产生的海洋毒素对人类健康和环境安全构成了较大威胁,对其进行快速准确的检测是减小海洋毒素危害的有效手段之一。电化学生物传感器具有快速简便、灵敏度高、检测限低和成本低等特点,为检测海洋毒素提供了新的技术途径。目前,应用于海洋毒素检测中的电化学生物传感器主要有免疫传感器、酶传感器和DNA传感器等。本文综述了迄今为止国内外海洋毒素电化学生物传感器研究所取得的成果,并对其当前研究存在的问题和未来发展趋势进行探讨和展望。     

电化学DNA生物传感器*

对特异DNA序列的检测在基因相关疾病的诊断、军事反恐和环境监测等方面均具有非常重要的意义,DNA传感器的研究就是为了满足对特异DNA序列的快速、便捷、高灵敏度和高选择性检测的需要。近年来涌现出了多种传感策略,根据检测方法的不同可以大致分为光学传感器、电化学传感器、声学传感器等。由于电化学检测方法本身所具有的灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,电化学DNA传感器已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域并在近几年中得到了快速发展。本文概括了近年来在DNA传感器的重要分支——电化学DNA传感器领域内的一些重要进展,主要包括DNA探针在传感界面上的固定方法和各种电化学DNA杂交信号的检测方法。     

类金刚石薄膜修饰传感器在电化学中的应用

综述了类金刚石薄膜及其修饰的传感器特性以及制备工艺,介绍了类金刚石薄膜修饰的传感器在生物检测、电化学微重力测量、痕量金属检测、氢离子选择场效应晶体管和气体检测等领域的应用,并对类金刚石薄膜修饰传感器在电化学相关领域的应用进行了展望。     

有害气体检测传感器技术进展

介绍有害气体检测传感器研究进展。气体检测传感器主要有催化燃烧式传感器、热导式传感器、电化学传感器、红外传感器、金属氧化物半导体传感器、碳纳米管传感器等,基于气体传感器的检测原理,综述了常用气体检测器的应用范围和局限性。催化燃烧式传感器可以灵敏地检测爆炸下限以下可燃气体的浓度,但需注意防止其暴露于高浓度气体环境中;热导式传感器无需氧气供应,适用于检测热导率比空气高的低相对分子质量气体;电化学传感器对检测环境的温度、湿度变化敏感,适用于检测具有电化学活性的气体;红外传感器无需定期校准,适用于检测腐蚀性和反应性气体,但无法检测单质气体;金属氧化物半导体传感器可在高温环境下工作,并能灵敏地检测浓度为10^–9 mol/mol的气体;碳纳米管传感器只能用于检测强氧化还原性气体,通过对碳纳米管材料进行修饰改造可扩展其应用范围。最后对气体检测传感器的发展进行了展望。     

Recent advances in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics and their applications

The abuse of antibiotics will cause an increase of drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution,which in turn will affect human health.Therefore,it is important to develop effective detection techniques to determine the level of antibiotics contamination in various fields.Compared with traditional detection methods,electrochemical sensors have received extensive attention due to their advantages such as high sensitivity,low detection limit,and good selectivity.In this mini review,we summarized the latest developments and new trends in electrochemical sensors for antibiotics.Here,modification methods and materials of electrode are discussed.We also pay more attention to the practical applications of antibiotics electrochemical sensors in different fields.In addition,the existing problems and the future challenges ahead have been proposed.We hope that this review can provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical sensors for antibiotics in the future.     

Recent advances in the direct electrochemical detection of drugs of abuse

In the last decade, the trafficking and use of illicit drugs showed a continuous incremental trend, remaining worldwide a challenging problem for the consequences on society, health, criminality, and environment. The introduction on the market of new products and of illicit synthetic compounds represents a new challenging task for analytical chemistry, looking for rapid and accurate methods for the detection of illicit substances in seized street samples, biological fluids, and wastewater. In this context, electrochemical sensors have shown promising results as an alternative to standard chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. This review aims at highlighting the most recent progresses in the use of electrochemistry for the detection of drugs of abuse, mainly including well consolidated substances like cannabinoids, cocaine, opioids, ecstasy, and methamphetamine as well as new psychoactive molecules widely diffused at the present time. Different strategies have been described particularly consisting in the direct electrochemical oxidation of the target analyte. The implementation of tailor-made portable instruments with electrochemical detection methods constitutes an added value to improve the effectiveness of electrochemical sensors for the identification of psychoactive substances when performing large-scale sampling tests.

     

Review: Carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been incorporated in electrochemical sensors to decrease overpotential and improve sensitivity. In this review, we focus on recent literature that describes how CNT-based electrochemical sensors are being developed to detect neurotransmitters, proteins, small molecules such as glucose, and DNA. Different types of electrochemical methods are used in these sensors including direct electrochemical detection with amperometry or voltammetry, indirect detection of an oxidation product using enzyme sensors, and detection of conductivity changes using CNT-field effect transistors (FETs). Future challenges for the field include miniaturizing sensors, developing methods to use only a specific nanotube allotrope, and simplifying manufacturing.     

Wearable Electrochemical Sensors Based on Nanomaterials for Healthcare Applications

Wearable electrochemical sensors have attracted great interest in health care applications because of their flexibility, biocompatibility, low cost and light weight. This review briefly focuses on the main concepts and methods that are related to the application of nanoparticles (NPs) in wearable electrochemical sensors. Moreover, attempts to bring together different perspectives and terms that are commonly used in NPs-based wearable electrochemical sensors along with the introduction and discussion of common manufacturing methods and recent achievements. In the end, future challenges and prospects are also discussed on the development of wearable electrochemical sensors based on nanoparticles.     

Application of MXene in Electrochemical Sensors: A Review

Electroanalysis has obtained considerable progress over the past few years, especially in the field of electrochemical sensors. Broadly speaking, electrochemical sensors include not only conventional electrochemical biosensors or non-biosensors, but also emerging electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors and photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors which are both combined with optical methods. In addition, various electrochemical sensing devices have been developed for practical purposes, such as multiplexed simultaneous detection of disease-related biomarkers and non-invasive body fluid monitoring. For the further performance improvement of electrochemical sensors, material is crucial. Recent years, a kind of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial MXene containing transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, with unique structural, mechanical, electronic, optical, and thermal properties, have attracted a lot of attention form analytical chemists, and widely applied in electrochemical sensors. Here, we reviewed electrochemical sensors based on MXene from Nov. 2014 (when the first work about electrochemical sensor based on MXene published) to Mar. 2021, dividing them into different types as electrochemical biosensors, electrochemical non-biosensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors, photoelectrochemical sensors and flexible sensors. We believe this review will be of help to those who want to design or develop electrochemical sensors based on MXene, hoping new inspirations could be sparked.     

Significance of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors for nitrate detection: A review

Nanomaterial-enabled electrochemical sensors are designed as an economical, efficient, and user-friendly analytical tool for on-site and routine nitrate analysis over a wide range of environmental samples. The remarkable advances and tunable attributes of nanomaterials have greatly improved the analytical performance of electrochemical nitrate sensors. In this review, a comprehensive elucidation of the recent advances in nanomaterial-based electrochemical nitrate sensors is presented. The review firstly provides a general introduction, followed by typical electrochemical sensing methods. The next two sections detail various nanomaterials, including graphene derivatives, carbon nanotubes/fibers, metal/bimetal/metal oxide nanoparticles, and conducting polymers for modifying electrodes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrochemical nitrate sensors. Finally, the perspectives and current challenges in achieving real-world applications of nanomaterial-based electrochemical nitrate sensors are outlined.     

微纳电化学传感界面的构建及其用于单细胞实时监测

细胞是生物体形态结构和生命活动的基本单位.常规检测群体细胞的方法往往会掩盖细胞间的个体差异,因此亟需发展高效的单细胞分析策略,深入研究细胞生命活动过程,揭示疾病发生发展机制,推动个体化诊疗.超微电化学传感器具有尺寸小、灵敏度高、时空分辨率高等特点,在单细胞实时动态监测方面发挥了非常重要的作用.目前,微纳电化学传感器在电...     

Recent trends in carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules: A review

Carbon nanomaterials are advantageous for electrochemical sensors because they increase the electroactive surface area, enhance electron transfer, and promote adsorption of molecules. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been incorporated into electrochemical sensors for biomolecules and strategies have included the traditional dip coating and drop casting methods, direct growth of CNTs on electrodes and the use of CNT fibers and yarns made exclusively of CNTs. Recent research has also focused on utilizing many new types of carbon nanomaterials beyond CNTs. Forms of graphene are now increasingly popular for sensors including reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanohorns, graphene nanofoams, graphene nanorods, and graphene nanoflowers. In this review, we compare different carbon nanomaterial strategies for creating electrochemical sensors for biomolecules. Analytes covered include neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, and serotonin; hydrogen peroxide; proteins, such as biomarkers; and DNA. The review also addresses enzyme-based electrodes that are used to detect non-electroactive species such as glucose, alcohols, and proteins. Finally, we analyze some of the future directions for the field, pointing out gaps in fundamental understanding of electron transfer to carbon nanomaterials and the need for more practical implementation of sensors.     

Miniaturized electrochemical sensors and their point-of-care applications

Most of the current analytical methods depend largely on laboratory-based analytical techniques that require expensive and bullky equipment,potentially incur costly testing,and involve lengthy detection processes.With increasing requirements for point-of-care testing(POCT),more attention has been paid to miniaturized analytical devices.Miniaturized electrochemical(MEC)sensors,including different material-based MEC sensors(such as DNA-,paper-,and screen electrode-based),have been in strong demand in analytical science due to their easy operation,portability,high sensitivity,as well as their short analysis time.They have been applied for the detection of trace amounts of target through measuring changes in electrochemical signal,such as current,voltage,potential,or impedance,due to the oxidation/reduction of chemical/biological molecules with the help of electrodes and electrochemical units.MEC sensors present great potential for the detection of targets including small organic molecules,metal ions,and biomolecules.In recent years,MEC sensors have been broadly applied to POCT in various fields,including health care,food safety,and environmental monitoring,owing to the excellent advantages of electrochemical(EC)technologies.This review summarized the state-of-the-art advancements on various types of MEC sensors and their applications in POCT.Furthermore,the future perspectives,opportunities,and challenges in this field are also discussed.     

Electrochemical plasmonic sensors

The enormous progress of nanotechnology during the last decade has made it possible to fabricate a great variety of nanostructures. On the nanoscale, metals exhibit special electrical and optical properties, which can be utilized for novel applications. In particular, plasmonic sensors including both the established technique of surface plasmon resonance and more recent nanoplasmonic sensors, have recently attracted much attention. However, some of the simplest and most successful sensors, such as the glucose biosensor, are based on electrical readout. In this review we describe the implementation of electrochemistry with plasmonic nanostructures for combined electrical and optical signal transduction. We highlight results from different types of metallic nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanoholes or simply films of nanoscale thickness. We briefly give an overview of their optical properties and discuss implementation of electrochemical methods. In particular, we review studies on how electrochemical potentials influence the plasmon resonances in different nanostructures, as this type of fundamental understanding is necessary for successful combination of the methods. Although several combined platforms exist, many are not yet in use as sensors partly because of the complicated effects from electrochemical potentials on plasmon resonances. Yet, there are clearly promising aspects of these sensor combinations and we conclude this review by discussing the advantages of synchronized electrical and optical readout, illustrating the versatility of these technologies.