Experimental and theoretical study of self-phase modulation in sbs compression of high-power laser pulses

We study experimentally the behavior of the spectrum shape and Stokes frequency shift of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SRS)-compressed radiation within a broad range of incident-laser-pulse intensities from the threshold up to eight times the threshold values. We show that, at pulse compression of reflected radiation to subnanosecond durations (smaller than inverse spontaneous line widths), its spectrum monotonously shifts with increase in the exciting light intensity such that its Stokes shift decreases. At intensities increasing four times the threshold, the spectrum splits and acquires a twohumped shape, which is explained by the phase modulation near the SBS resonance. We construct an analytical model of self-phase modulation in SBS compression, describing the spectral splitting and chirping formation.     

正弦平方势与沟道辐射谱线的自然展宽

指出了非线性效应、多普勒效应、晶格热振动、电子多重散射和偶极效应等对沟道辐射谱线宽度的影响;强调了辐射反作用对谱线宽度的影响是不可避免的。比较了不同的粒子-晶体相互作用势,并从正弦平方势出发,在小振幅近似下讨论了沟道粒子的运动行为;用摄动法求解了系统的特征方程,计算了沟道辐射谱线的自然展宽和频率漂移。最后,以正电子的Si(110)面沟道辐射为例,计算了它的辐射频率。结果表明,对于能量为E=56MeV的正电子,沟道辐射能量E=ω=36.0keV。     

Stimulated thermal scattering induced by two-photon absorption and experimental observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the UV region

An analysis of the results of previous studies of stimulated scattering of UV pulses in liquids has shown that they disagree with the theory of stimulated scattering. To resolve the inconsistency, stimulated scattering of XeCl excimer laser radiation (λ = 308 nm) with pulse duration τ ≈ 8 ns in liquid hexane is investigated experimentally. A theoretical analysis of the results obtained revealed a new nonlinear optical phenomenon: stimulated thermal scattering induced by the heating due to two-photon absorption, called two-photon stimulated thermal scattering (two-photon STS-2). The stimulated backscatter spectrum contains a previously unknown line corresponding to two-photon STS-2 and a newly discovered SBS line in the UV region. The line is observed in experiment on liquid hexane and is characterized by the frequency shift Ω_B = 0.33 cm^?1 relative to the pump wavelength λ = 308 nm, in complete agreement with the theory of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The spectral line called the SBS line in previous studies has a frequency shift much smaller than that predicted by the SBS theory and must be interpreted as an unshifted two-photon STS-2 line. When two-photon STS-2 is used to obtain a phase-conjugate wave, the phase-conjugation fidelity is lower than that achieved by using SBS because of thermal self-action and slow decay of the thermal grating.     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering of Q-switched laser pulses in large-core optical fibres

Q-switched Nd : glass laser pulses of 60 ns duration are transmitted through multimode fused-silica fibres of 0.4–1 mm core diam and lengths of up to 20 m. For laser radiation with narrow spectral width, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is observed for energies well below the threshold energy of fibre damage. The SBS threshold is shifted beyond the threshold of fibre damage through increasing the spectral width of the laser radiation. The SBS threshold energies of step-index and gradient-index fibres are measured for various fibre and laser parameters.     

Effect of electron-neutral collisions on the satellites of the Thomson scattering spectrum in arc plasmas

The effect of electron-neutral collisions on the high frequency spectrum of laser radiation scattered by the free electrons of a plasma is investigated for a partially ionized H₂ are plasma at atmospheric pressure. The calculations are carried out along Gorog's theory solving the linearized Boltzmann equation for electrons with a collision term. The collision integral is approximated by a Krook relaxation model with the collision frequency determined from experimental electron-atom scattering data. The collisions influence size, half width, and position of the high frequency satellites. In a H₂ arc plasma, the change of the satellites' position is negligible as well as the change in half width within experimentally attainable error limits. The change of size is of minor importance, since the general evaluation procedure uses only normalized scattering intensities. Thus, for laser scattering experiments in are plasmas the collision-free theory can be applied.     

Band reject filtration of the excitation spectrum at energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of weak signals

The possibility of the efficient band reject filtration of the continuous X-ray excitation spectrum in the energy range E ≥ 8 keV is demonstrated. This makes it possible to strongly increase the sensitivity of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at detecting of weak fluorescence lines. Spectral rejection is implemented by transmitting a primary beam through highly oriented pyrolytic graphite with given structural parameters. Diffraction extinction in pyrolytic graphite ensures the possibility of reducing the intensity by more than 20 dB and rejecting the spectral band with a width of ~1 keV. The reduction of statistical fluctuations of the background of elastically scattered radiation is achieved when the bottom of the formed spectral valley is adjusted to the analyzed fluorescence line. The proposed scheme of band reject filtration also allows the suppression of intense characteristic lines in the primary and scattered radiation spectra.     

激光同步辐射作为阿秒X射线辐射源的特性研究

 研究了逆流相对论电子与激光脉冲相互作用获得激光同步辐射的频率上移、微分散射截面等特性。发现逆流相对论电子与短脉冲激光相互作用，可以获得阿秒X射线辐射脉冲。短脉冲激光条件下得到的后向散射光的频率上移与长脉冲激光条件下得到的后向散射光的频率上移是完全一致的，同时发现随着入射电子初始能量的增加，散射光的准直性越来越好，后向散射光脉冲的脉宽越来越短。     

200 Hz高重复频率SBS脉宽压缩实验研究

受激布里渊散射(SBS)脉宽压缩是实现高峰值功率、短脉冲激光输出的重要途径之一,然而,目前SBS脉宽压缩仅限于1~10 Hz低重复频率激光器,限制了高重频短脉冲激光器在激光雷达、空间碎片探测以及目标成像等领域的应用。基于此,开展了高重复频率下的SBS脉宽压缩实验研究。设计搭建了高重复频率的主振荡放大激光器,开展了SBS二次级联脉宽压缩和SBS振荡放大双池脉宽压缩实验。通过SBS二次级联压缩实现了脉冲宽度从~32 ns压缩到~1.9 ns,脉宽压缩比达16倍;而通过SBS振荡放大双池结构实现了脉冲宽度从~4 ns压缩到376 ps,脉宽压缩比达10倍。实验结果表明,采用该超净封闭型SBS相位共轭镜,在Stokes光输出能量达50 m J时,无光学击穿现象,实现了在200 Hz高重复频率下的SBS脉宽压缩。     

新型宽谱电磁脉冲试验系统

研制了一套新型宽谱电磁脉冲试验系统,该系统采用全电感隔离型重复频率Marx发生器产生高压冲击脉冲,经双极脉冲形成线馈入宽带天线进行宽谱辐射。介绍了发生器工作原理和双极脉冲形成原理。实验结果表明：发生器输出脉冲电压500 kV,脉冲前沿20 ns,重复频率20 Hz,宽谱辐射因子195 kV,辐射中心频率200 MHz,频谱宽度37%。该试验系统结构紧凑、操作灵活,并具有方位辐射方向360°旋转和运程控制等功能。     

新型宽谱电磁脉冲试验系统

 研制了一套新型宽谱电磁脉冲试验系统,该系统采用全电感隔离型重复频率Marx发生器产生高压冲击脉冲,经双极脉冲形成线馈入宽带天线进行宽谱辐射。介绍了发生器工作原理和双极脉冲形成原理。实验结果表明：发生器输出脉冲电压500 kV,脉冲前沿20 ns,重复频率20 Hz,宽谱辐射因子195 kV,辐射中心频率200 MHz,频谱宽度37%。该试验系统结构紧凑、操作灵活,并具有方位辐射方向360°旋转和运程控制等功能。     

受激布里渊散射的线宽压缩及时间相干性

首先从实验上研究了受激布里渊散射(SBS)的线宽压缩效应. 发现线宽压缩直接受到脉宽压缩的影响. 进而提出了一种通过测量SBS脉宽来测量SBS线宽的新方法. 在此基础上, 详细讨论了SBS的时间相干性, 指出 SBS的时间相干性不是固定不变的, 而是随线宽压缩的程度发生变化. 最后指出 SBS的脉宽压缩率和时间相干性不能同时达到最佳值.     

受激布里渊散射的线宽压缩及时间相干性

首先从实验上研究了受激布里渊散射(SBS)的线宽压缩效应. 发现线宽压缩直接受到脉宽压缩的影响. 进而提出了一种通过测量SBS脉宽来测量SBS线宽的新方法. 在此基础上, 详细讨论了SBS的时间相干性, 指出 SBS的时间相干性不是固定不变的, 而是随线宽压缩的程度发生变化. 最后指出 SBS的脉宽压缩率和时间相干性不能同时达到最佳值.     

Four-Wave Scattering of a Laser Beam by Induced Collective Oscillations of Solid Nanoparticles in Suspensions

Spectra of coherent scattering at four-wave mixing of two diode laser radiation in liquid suspensions of dielectric nanoparticles are obtained for the first time. Dependence of the scattering resonance width on the concentration of nanoparticles in the suspension is studied. It is shown that the experimentally observed dependences of the width of the scattered radiation spectrum on the concentration of nanoparticles in the suspension result from the collective excitation of acoustic phonons.     

Laser scattering with a rapidly tuned dye laser

A facility is described for the measurement of the total spectrum produced by laser radiation scattered from a plasma during one laser pulse. The dye laser is electrooptically tuned by a high frequency voltage applied to a modified Lyot filter within its cavity. The scattered spectrum is registrated together with the laser reference signal by a transient recorder and processed afterwards. Both measuring time and inaccuracy could be reduced drastically. Scattering experiments have been accomplished in a H₂ cascade of 5 mm diameter arc at atmospheric pressure, and at 14 and 20 A, respectively. For this arc very precise spectroscopic results are available for checking the accuracy of the scattering measurements. Both the spectroscopic line and continuum experiments yield a temperature which lies between electron and ion temperature if there is no local thermal equilibrium, whereas the pure electron temperature is provided by the scattered spectrum. The agreement between spectroscopic and scattering results within the high error limits is the experimental proof for the applicability of this new scattering technique which requires only about one hundredth of the measuring time, as compared with the usual shot-to-shot registration.     

Fluctuations in doubly scattered laser light

Fluctuations in laser light, doubly scattered by brownian particles, were analysed by measuring the spectral noise power of the photodetector current. Scattering took place at two spatially separated systems of spherical particles. Analytic expressions for the field and intensity correlations are derived. The analytic expressions for the spectrum of the intensity fluctuations of the doubly scattered laser light demonstrate that the frequency dependence of the spectrum depends strongly of the geometry of the experimental arrangement. This is not the case for singly scattered light where in good approximation the spatial and temporal correlations can be separated analytically.Our measurements show that the noise spectrum of the doubly scattered radiation may have the same frequency dependence as the spectrum of the singly scattered light. However, there are conditions where the frequency dependence of the noise of the doubly scattered light diverges markedly from that of the singly scattered light.     

Nonlinear light scattering on defects of crystalline structures

Scattering of radiation of a ruby laser and of its second harmonic into a broad spectral region towards low frequencies was observed in LiJO₃ crystal. The scattered radiation was not polarized but isotropic, a spectrum width reached several thousands of inverse centimeters. About 10^-14 to 10^-15 of pumping intensity was scattered in cm^-1 and in single solid angle. There is the comparison to phase-matched parametric scattering (OPN). The possible competing processes are considered.     

Effect of collisions on the resonance fluorescence spectrum

The effect of collisions on the resonance fluorescence spectrum of two-level atoms excited by monochromatic resonance radiation is studied. Analysis is performed for systems where the Doppler broadening is small compared to the collision frequency (high buffer gas pressures) and for the general case where collisions arbitrarily change the phase of the radiation-induced dipole moment (from completely interrupted to completely unaffected phase of the dipole moment). Both at a relatively low and at a high excitation radiation intensity, the resonance fluorescence spectrum is shown to depend on whether the two-level system is closed or open. This is especially true for the narrow unshifted Rayleigh scattering line. It is shown that, although the absorption line is homogeneously broadened, the resonance fluorescence spectrum exhibits a clearly pronounced anisotropy. In a direction close to the direction of propagation of the excitation radiation, the Rayleigh scattering line is maximally narrowed. Under certain conditions (that can easily be created in experiments), the width of this line is proportional to the diffusion coefficient of atoms interacting with the radiation.     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering generation in ns pulsed double-cladding fiber amplifier

This paper proposes a study both in theory and experiment on the phenomenon of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a double-cladding fiber amplifier. The distortion characteristic of the 200-ns is observed through a stationary coupled-wave SBS model including the second-order Stokes wave for double-cladding fiber amplifier. The first-order Stokes wave is amplified during backward propagation to such an intense peak power that it can generate second-order Stokes wave. The stochastic aspect of pulse distortion induced by SBS is also experimentally demonstrated in the single frequency 200 ns pulse amplifier with 12-m Yb³⁺ doped double-cladding fiber. The backward SBS pulse is observed when the pulse peak power is up to 3.3 W, and the pulse width of SBS is narrower than that of the input signal. In the meantime, to overcome the difficulty of the pulse spectrum measurement, a novel method is put forward to measure the SBS frequency shift using the F–P interferometer with free spectral rang of 30 G, showing a good agreement with the theoretical estimation. SBS is the main factor that limits the output pulse peak power in the amplification of the single-frequency pulse.     

多色非相干光入射ICF黑腔受激布里渊散射分析

为研究多色非相干激光入射ICF黑腔的受激布里渊散射（SBS）和受激拉曼散射（SRS）发展情况,建立了一维受激散射稳态谱分析模型,并发展了相应的数值模拟程序。分析了不同频率激光激发的受激散射光通过共用等离子体波耦合的物理图像以及影响背散光谱的物理因素。针对波长差0.3 nm的等强度双色光入射封底金腔的SBS进行了模拟分析,结果表明：采用双色光有效抑制了SBS;SBS光谱劈裂成间距为0.3 nm的两个峰;波长较长的入射光对应的SBS光获得了较大的增益;如果固定激光总强度和总带宽,则存在抑制SBS的最优光束数目。     

SLD seeded all fiber cascaded nanosecond pulsed amplifier

A Super-luminescent Diode (SLD) seeded all fiber cascaded pulsed laser system is reported. The signal line width is 8 nm confined by spectrum filers between stages, much wider than Laser Diode (LD) seeded laser. The wide spectrum of the seed source gives a good opportunity to get higher stimulated brillouin scattering threshold than LD seeded laser. The system emits up to 50 W pulses at a wavelength of 1064 nm and a repetition rate of 20 kHz with peak power 250 kW and beam quality M2 < 1.8. No SBS or SRS are observed and its output power is limited only by available pump power.