The Effective Gluon Propagator in the Global Color Symmetry Model

It is shown that the effective gluon propagator in the global color symmetry model can be calculated in the instanton dilute liquid approximation. The calculated effective gluon propagator is consistent with the general command on the qualitative features of the gluon propagator, i.e., (i) the gluon propagator is significantly enhanced at small space-like k², and (ii) for k² > 1.5 GeV² the perturbative results are quantitatively reliable.     

Gluon transport equations,plasma oscillations,and screening

The gluon transport equations (Phys. Lett. 177B (1986) 402) are reconsidered to derive a consistent semiclassical limit. Introducing the color current of gluon fluctuations around a classical mean field, we calculate the color permeability function of a collisionless gluon plasma in linear response approximation. The dispersion relations and electric screening length agree with one-loop high temperature QCD results. We find no magnetic screening atO(g ²) and predict transverse magnetic plasma oscillations similar to electric ones. The extension to include particle production by a mean color field is shortly described.     

Inelastic J/Ψ photoproduction off nuclei: gluon enhancement or double color exchange?

The nuclear enhancement observed in inelastic photoproduction of J/gY should not be interpreted as evidence for an increased gluon density in nuclei. The nuclear suppression of the production rate due to initial and final state interactions is calculated and a novel two-step color exchange process is proposed, which is able to explain the data.     

The study of gluon energy loss in cold nuclear matter from J/ψ production

The energy loss effects of the incident quark, gluon, and the color octet ccˉ on J/ψ suppression in p-A collisions are studied by means of the experimental data at E866, RHIC, and LHC energy. We extracted the transport coefficient for gluon energy loss from the E866 experimental data in the middle x F region(0.20 x F 0.65) based on the Salgado-Wiedemann(SW) quenching weights and the recent EPPS16 nuclear parton distribution functions together with nCTEQ15. It was determined that the difference between the values of the transport coefficient for light quark, gluon, and heavy quark in cold nuclear matter is very small. The theoretical results modified by the parton energy loss effects are consistent with the experimental data for E866 and RHIC energy, and the gluon energy loss plays a remarkable role on J/ψ suppression in a broad variable range. Because the corrections of the nuclear parton distribution functions in the J/ψ channel are significant at LHC energy level, the nuclear modification due to the parton energy loss is minimal. It is worth noting that we use the color evaporation model(CEM) at leading order to compute the p-p baseline, and the conclusion in this paper is CEM model dependent.     

CGC formalism with two sources

In this work we extend the JIMWLK formalism to the two-source problem. The S-matrix for the forward scattering can be written in a double functional integral representation which involves the usual functional integral for the gluon field and the spin path integral for the external color sources. Modifications needed in the light-cone gauge are discussed. Using our source term we compute the produced gluon field and discuss the duality of the high energy evolution kernel in the pA collision.     

The ferromagnetic phase of quark matter in the framework of one gluon exchange and thermodynamics with the density-temperature-dependent particle mass model

In the current work we examine the possibility of ferromagnetism phase of quark matter by using the one gluon exchange interaction and the thermodynamics with the density-temperature-dependent particle masses as well as the normal thermodynamics (with constant masses). We calculate the free energy per particle of the polarized and unpolarized states to discuss the difference between these two phases at various densities and temperatures. In our calculations we assume that the QCD coupling, α_c, is constant (the simple model) or varies with the temperature and the density (the asymptotic freedom); but we keep α_c less than one, because we intend to use the perturbation method to calculate the exchange energy. We also assume that the up and down quarks are massless and do not interact. Only the strange quarks interact with each other via the one gluon exchange interaction. The free and internal energies as well as the effective masses and the pressure are calculated at different densities and temperatures. The results are discussed and a comparison is made with those of Tatsumi. Finally it is shown that the present models do not predict any transition for the strange quark matter to its ferromagnetic phase.     

The Mixed Quark-Gluon Condensate from the Global Color Symmetry Model

［1］R.T. Cahill and C.D. Roberts, Phys. Rev. D32 (1985)2419. ［2］P.C. Tandy, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 39 (1997) 117; C.D.Roberts, R.T. Chill, and J. Praschiflca, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.)188 (1988) 20; M.R. Frank, P.C. Tandy, and G. Fai, Phys.Rev. C43 (1991) 2808; M.R. Frank and P.C. Tandy, Phys.Rev. C49 (1994) 478; M.R. Frank and C.D. Roberts,Phys. Rev. C53 (1996) 390; P. Maris and C.D. Roberts,Phys. Rev. C56 (1997) 3369; C.W. Johnson and G. Fai,Phys. Rev C56 (1997) 3353; P. Maris, C.D. Roberts,and P.C. Tandy, Phys. Lett B420 (1998) 267; XiaoFu LU, Yu-Xin LIU, Hong-Shi ZONG and En-Guang ZHAO, Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 1195; Hong-Shi ZONG,Xiao-Fu LU, Jian-Zhong GU, Chao-Hsi CHANG, and EnGuang ZHAO, Phys. Rev. C60 (.1999) 055208; Hong-Shi ZONG, Yu-Xin LIU, Xiao-Fu LU, Fan WANG, and EnGuang ZHAO, Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China)36 (2001) 187. ［3］M.R. Frank and T. Meissner, Phys. Rev. C53 (1996)2410. ［4］T. Meissner, Phys. Lett. B405 (1997) 8. ［5］C.D. Roberts and A.G. Williams, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.33 (1994) 477, and the references therein. ［6］H.B. Tang and R. J. Furnstahl, hep-ph/9502326. ［7］M. Shifman, A. Vainshtein, and V. Zakharov, Nucl. Phys.B147 (1979) 385. ［8］L. Reinders, H. Rubinstein, and S. Yazaki, Phys. Rep.127 (1985) 1; S. Narison, QCD Spectral Sum Rules, World Scientific, Singapore (1989), and the rererences therein. ［9］Hong-Shi ZONG, Jia-Lun PING, Hong-Ting YANG,Xiao-Fu LU, and Fan WANG, nuth-th/0201001. ［10］C.D. Roberts, A.G. Williams, and G. Krein, Int. J. Mod.Phys. A7 (1992) 5607.     

Angular distribution of energy in jets

The transverse momentum distribution of heavy C-even resonances produced in hadron collisions probes, according to QCD, the spatial spread of color charge in gluons. An all-orders calculation of the effective doubly logarithmic gluon form factor is supported by recent data on χ (3.5) production. We predict a very wide p_t distribution of C-even b$\text{b}$ resonances associated with ?.     

The Effective Degree of Freedom of Low Energy QCD

The adiabatic effective baryon-baryou interactions and dibaryon candidates are studied systematically with three constituent quark models based on different effective degrees of freedom:Glozman-Riska-Brown Goldstone boson exchange model based on constituent quark and Goldstone boson coupling;Fujiwara model based on constituent quark gluon coupling and Nijmegen one-boson exchange;QDCSM based on constituent quark and gluon coupling with quark delocalization and color screening.We find that the three models predicted the similar effective baryon-baryon interactions for roughly two thirds among the 64 states consisted of octet and decuplet baryons.The differences among three models and their separate characteristics are also studied.     

The Mixed Quark-Gluon Condensate from the Global Color Symmetry Model

The mixed quark-gluon condensate from the global color symmetry model is derived. It is shown that the mixed quark-gluon condensate depends explicitly on the gluon propagator. This interesting feature may be regarded as an additional constraint on the model of gluon propagator. The values of the mixed quark-gluon condensate from some ansatz for the gluon propagator are compared with those determined from QCD sum rules.     

Anomalous dimensions of tensor operators in 4−ϵ dimensions

Anomalous dimensions of tensor operators that determine the Callan-Gross and Corwall-Norton sum rules for the deep inelastic structure functions are calculated to first order in ? in the pseudoscalar Yukawa coupling model. Their values are found to be intermediate between those for the φ⁴ model and the gluon model.     

Free energy in the (2+1)-dimensional SU(2) QCD model against the background of a gauge-field condensate

The thermodynamic potential (free energy) for quarks and gluons in (2+1)-dimensional spacetime is calculated in the one-loop approximation at finite temperatures against the background of a constant uniform color magnetic field H and a constant uniform A ₀ condensate. The problem of interpreting the tachyon mode in the gluon energy spectrum is discussed. The question of whether the free energy may develop a minimum at nonzero values of H and A ₀ is analyzed.     

THE FRAGMENTATION OF GLUON OF GLUON IN e+e－ ANNIHILATION

In this paper,we suggest that the gluon is hadronized by first splitting into a quark-anti-quark pair.The final hadrons are produced by the color interactions among the quarks and antiquarke.By this assumption,the calculated average charged particle multiplicities in e⁺e^－→3jet events,and the ratio of multiplicities between gluon and quark jet,and the rates of baryons in e⁺e^－ three gluons events all agree well with experiments.The angle distribution of final particles can be explained.     

(Anti-)self-dual homogeneous vacuum gluon field as an origin of confinement and SUL(NF) × SUR(NF) symmetry breaking in QCD

It is shown that an (anti-) self-dual homogeneous vacuum gluon field appears in a natural way within the problem of calculation of the QCD partition function in the form of Euclidean functional integral with periodic boundary conditions. There is no violation of cluster property within this formulation, nor are parity, color and rotational symmetries broken explicitly. The massless limit of the product of the quark masses and condensates, $m_f \left\langle {\bar \psi _f \psi _f } \right\rangle $ , is calculated to all loop orders. This quantity does not vanish and is proportional to the gluon condensate appearing due to the nonzero strength of the vacuum gluon field. We conclude that the gluon condensate can be considered as an order parameter both for confinement and chiral symmetry breaking.     

Low-Lying Baryons in Hybrid Quark Model

We study the strong decay processes of the Roper resonance, N*(1440) in the picture of hybrid baryon in which the Roper resonance N*(1440) is interpreted as a state of three quarks and one transverse-electric gluon, q ³ G. A nonrelativistic quark–gluon model is employed, where the dynamics of antiquark–quark–gluon is described in the effective \({^{3}S_{1}}\) vertex in which a quark–antiquark pair is created (destroyed) from (into) a gluon. The wave function of the Roper resonance is properly constructed to take into account the gluon freedom in the nonrelativistic regime. The evaluated strong decay width ratios of N*(1440) are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Contribution of higher gluon condensates to light-quark vacuum polarization

A method of classifying quark operators in QCD sum rules is suggested. The expansion coefficients of all thed≦8 bilinear quark condensates in gluon condensates are calculated. The coefficient functions at the gluon operators withd≦8 in the polarization operator ∏(q ²) of the light-quark vector current are obtained. A comparison is performed with the calculations in the covariantly constant fields and self-dual fields. The results obtained can be used in the sum rules for the ρ, ω and ? families.     

Forward gluon production in hadron–hadron scattering with pomeron loops

We discuss new physical phenomena expected in particle production in hadron–hadron collisions at high energy, as a consequence of pomeron loop effects in the evolution equations for the color glass condensate. We focus on gluon production in asymmetric, ‘dilute–dense’, collisions: a dilute projectile scatters off a dense hadronic target, whose gluon distribution is highly evolved. This situation is representative for particle production in proton–proton collisions at forward rapidities (say, at LHC) and admits a dipole factorization similar to that of deep inelastic scattering (DIS). We show that at sufficiently large forward rapidities, where the pomeron loop effects become important in the evolution of the target wavefunction, gluon production is dominated by ‘black spots’ (saturated gluon configurations) up to very large values of the transverse momentum, well above the average saturation momentum in the target. In this regime, the produced gluon spectrum exhibits diffusive scaling, so like DIS at sufficiently high energy.     

The influence of nuclear target on associate production ofJ/ψ andγ with largeP T in high energy proton-iron collisions

In this paper, using three theoretical models for nuclear effect on gluon distribution function of bound nucleon, the differential cross sections and the total cross sections for associate production ofJ/ψ andγ with largeP _T in high energy p-Fe collisions are calculated. Comparison between our results and future experiments may be used to examine these models and will let us get deeper understanding for the gluon distribution in bound nucleon.     

Large constant terms from soft gluons

The vertex and soft gluon integrals in Drell—Yan and deep-inelastic processes are calculated without approximations, keeping the initial and final quarks on-shell. Asymptotic q²-expansion reveals log²-, log- and constant terms. The latter are small in deep-inelastic scattering but unexpectedly large in Drell—Yan production. Lowest order gluon diagrams provide a reliable approximation for the AF-corrections in deep-inelastic scattering but fail to do so in Drell—Yan processes.     

Semileptonic decays of heavy quarks in quantum chromodynamics

We investigate the semileptonic decays of heavy quarks in the leading non-trivial order in quantum chromodynamics. Effects of gluon corrections and the initial quark Fermi motion on the semileptonic rates and decay distributions are calculated. The resulting lepton energy spectrum for the charm semileptonic decay is compared with data to extract the mass of the charm quark. This is combined with the semileptonic branching ratio to predict the charm-quark lifetime. We find the lepton energy spectrum very stable with respect to gluon corrections. Expected spectra from the semileptonic decays of bottom and top quarks are presented. We also study the semileptonic decay process Q → q?v_? + G, involving the emission of a single hard non-collinear gluon. This process should be observable with a branching ratio of a few percent in the decays of top (and heavier) quarks.