径向极化压电陶瓷长圆管复合超声换能器的径向振动

提出了一种圆管式径向复合压电陶瓷换能器,并对其径向振动特性进行了分析。该换能器由径向极化的压电陶瓷圆管以及金属外圆管组成。利用解析法得出了金属圆管以及具有任意壁厚的径向极化压电陶瓷圆管径向振动的机电等效电路。基于金属圆管与压电圆管的机械边界条件,得出了换能器的六端机电等效电路。在此基础上得出了换能器共振及反共振频率方程的解析表达式,给出了换能器的共振及反共振频率与其几何尺寸之间的依赖关系。利用数值方法对换能器的径向振动特性进行了模拟及仿真,并与解析结果进行了比较。最后,设计并加工了一些径向复合管式压电陶瓷换能器,利用精密阻抗分析仪对其共振及反共振频率进行了实验测试。研究结果表明,利用解析理论得出的换能器共振及反共振频率与数值模拟结果以及实验测试结果符合很好。      

径向复合圆柱压电超声换能器

提出一种三元径向复合圆柱压电超声换能器,并对其径向振动特性进行了研究。基于弹性力学理论及机电类比原理,导出了柱坐标系中分割处理径向极化压电陶瓷管准厚度模振动及薄壁短圆管径向振动的机电等效电路;利用径向力和振速连续的边界条件,得出了径向复合圆柱压电换能器系统的径向振动机电等效电路及其共振频率方程。探讨了换能器径向共振频率及有效机电耦合系数随其几何尺寸的变化关系。研究表明,换能器的径向共振频率及有效机电耦合系数随其内芯半径和预应力管壁厚度增大而降低。研制了一些径向复合圆柱压电换能器,并对其径向共振频率进行了测试。结果表明,理论与实验结果基本一致。      

夹心式径向复合压电超声换能器

对夹心式径向复合压电换能器径向振动特性进行了研究。该换能器由弹性内芯、预应力金属管及柱面压电陶瓷晶堆径向复合而成.利用机电类比法,得到了换能器的径向振动等效电路及频率方程。探讨了换能器第1、2阶径向共振频率及有效机电耦合系数与其几何尺寸的关系。研究表明,换能器第1阶径向共振频率随其内芯内径及预应力管壁厚度增大而降低;第2阶共振频率随内芯内径增大存在极小值,但随预应力管壁厚度增大单调下降。此外,采用第2阶径向共振模式能获得较高的有效机电耦合系数,并且压电陶瓷处于位移节线时,换能器有效机电耦合系数达极大值。对换能器共振频率的测试与有限元仿真表明。理论与实验及仿真结果符合较好。      

径向复合压电陶瓷超声换能器的径向振动特性研究

对径向复合压电陶瓷超声换能器的径向振动特性进行了分析。该换能器由一个厚度极化的压电陶瓷实心圆盘和一个金属圆环在半径方向复合而成。论文首先研究了压电陶瓷圆盘及金属圆环的径向振动,推出了其径向振动的机电等效电路。在此基础上,利用换能器的径向边界条件,得出了径向复合压电陶瓷换能器的机电等效电路及其共振频率方程。探讨了换能器的共振频率和有效机电耦合系数与其几何尺寸之间的依赖关系。设计并实际制作了一些径向复合超声换能器,对其径向共振及反共振频率进行了测试,并利用有限元法进行了数值模拟。研究表明,利用文中理论得出的换能器的共振频率与实测值及数值模拟结果基本符合。     

随钻声波测井圆弧状压电阵子的有限元分析*

圆弧状压电阵子是随钻声波测井仪发射换能器的核心部件。利用有限元法对圆弧状压电阵子进行了设计分析,结果表明20 kHz以下频率范围内主要存在弯曲振动模态及径向振动模态,且径向振动模态能够满足随钻声波单极测量模式的工作频率要求。针对径向振动模态,数值模拟了几何尺寸对压电阵子声学性能参数的影响。圆弧状压电阵子的谐振频率随着陶瓷片厚度的增大而升高;随着陶瓷片高度、半径及张开角的增大而降低。圆弧状压电阵子的最大发射电压级幅值随着陶瓷片厚度、张开角的增大而降低;随着半径的增大而升高;随着陶瓷片高度的增大,最大发射电压级幅值先升高后逐渐降低。以外径为6.75 in的钻铤为例,最优化设计了圆弧状压电阵子的尺寸,使其满足钻铤模式波隔声阻带中心频率的要求,同时保证了压电阵子具有最大发射电压级。数值模拟结果可以对随钻声波测井仪发射换能器设计起到良好的指导作用。     

压电管堆式宽带换能器*

研究了一种具有管状叠堆结构的圆管换能器,其敏感元件是由纵向极化压电陶瓷单元组成的薄壁管状压电叠堆,探讨利用管状叠堆纵向和径向振动耦合实现宽带发射。利用压电柱壳振动理论推导了管堆的频率方程,分析了换能器的纵向和径向模态的振动耦合特性。在理论分析的基础上利用有限元方法对换能器的带宽和发射电压响应进行优化并研制换能器样机。测试结果表明,纵向极化的管状压电叠堆结构具有良好的发射电压响应和宽带特性,与理论及仿真结果相符。     

压电圆管换能器振动特性的薄壳理论分析

本文运用弹性力学中的薄壳理论，分析了径向极化压电陶瓷圆管换能器的振动特性，并在此基础上推导出换能器等效电路的特性阻抗，为换能器的设计提供了依据。分析及计算结果表明，本文的理论与以往常用的薄膜理论相比，不仅在物理模型的描述上更为完整准确，在计算精度上也更接近实际。     

阶梯圆环压电超声换能器径向振动性能的理论研究*

提出了一种阶梯圆环径向振动压电超声换能器,根据力电类比原理建立了阶梯圆环及阶梯圆环换能器的径向振动等效电路,推导了阶梯圆环的径向共振频率方程和位移放大系数,在此基础上进一步推导了换能器的径向共振和反共振频率方程。通过理论推导和有限元仿真模拟分析了阶梯圆环压电超声换能器的径向振动性能。结果表明,增大阶梯圆环中内外环的径向厚度之比K1或减小轴向厚度之比K2,阶梯圆环的一阶径向共振频率减小,二阶径向共振频率增大;在二阶径向共振模式下,K1、K2值在一定范围内阶梯圆环可实现由内向外的径向位移振幅放大;随着压电陶瓷圆环的内半径增大,阶梯圆环压电超声换能器的一阶、二阶径向共振和反共振频率减小,二阶径向共振下的有效机电转换系数趋于零;增大阶梯圆环内环的外半径,换能器的一阶径向共振和反共振频率减小,二阶径向共振和反共振频率先增大后减小,理论推导与仿真模拟结果符合良好。本文研究结果为阶梯圆环压电超声换能器的工程应用提供理论参考。     

基于2-2型压电复合材料的新型宽频带径向振动超声换能器

本文提出了一种基于2-2型压电复合材料的新型宽频带径向振动超声换能器,它主要由内金属圆环和外压电陶瓷复合材料圆环组成.首先利用Newnham串并联理论和均匀场理论推导了2-2型压电复合材料的等效参数;其次利用解析法得到了金属圆环和径向极化压电复合陶瓷圆环径向振动的机电等效电路;最后得到了换能器的六端机电等效电路,从而得到了换能器的频率方程.接着分析了换能器共振频率和反共振频率以及有效机电耦合系数与几何尺寸、两相体积占比的关系,采用仿真软件对新型换能器的径向振动进行了数值模拟.结果表明,利用解析法得到的共振频率和反共振频率与数值模拟结果吻合较好.此外,对换能器在水下的辐射声场进行了仿真研究,结果表明新型复合材料径向换能器相比传统纯陶瓷径向换能器,发射电压响应幅值更大,工作带宽提高接近一倍,声匹配更佳.     

复合圆环弯曲振动四极子模态分析

针对压电圆环弯曲振动机电转换性能较差的问题,提出了一种复合圆环弯曲振动换能器,它由一个径向极化的压电陶瓷内圆环和一个金属外圆环复合而成。基于能量原理推导得到了复合圆环弯曲振动的谐振频率和有效机电耦合系数,探讨了弯曲振动四极子模态特性与其结构尺寸间的关系。当压电圆环尺寸不变时,随外侧金属圆环壁厚增加,复合圆环弯曲振动四极子模态谐振频率上升,有效机电耦合系数迅速上升到极大值后缓慢下降。最后,设计制作了圆环换能器并对其谐振频率和有效机电耦合系数进行了实验测试,测试结果与解析结果和数值模拟结果吻合得较好。      

Study on the radial composite piezoelectric ceramic transducer in radial vibration

A new type of radial composite piezoelectric transducer in radial vibration is developed and analyzed. The radial composite transducer consists of a piezoelectric ceramic thin ring polarized in the thickness direction and a metal thin circular ring. They are connected together and excited to vibrate in the radial direction. The radial vibrations of a piezoelectric ceramic thin ring and a metal thin circular ring are analyzed, respectively. Their radial electro-mechanical equivalent circuits are obtained. Based on the electro-mechanical equivalent circuits and using the boundary conditions between the piezoelectric ceramic thin ring and the metal thin circular ring in the radial direction, the electro-mechanical equivalent circuit of the radial composite piezoelectric transducer is derived out and the resonance frequency equation is obtained. The relationship between the resonance frequency and the geometrical dimensions of the transducer is analyzed. Some radial composite piezoelectric transducers are designed and manufactured. The resonance frequencies and the anti-resonance frequencies, the electro-mechanical equivalent circuit parameters are measured. The effective electro-mechanical coupling coefficient and the mechanical quality factor are calculated. It is illustrated that the measured radial resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the theoretical results from the resonance frequency equation.     

Study of the sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic torsional transducer

The sandwiched piezoelectric ultrasonic torsional transducer was studied. The transducer consists of front and back metal cylinders, and coaxially segmented, tangentially polarized, piezoelectric ceramic tubes. The torsional vibration of the tangentially polarized piezoelectric ceramic slender tube was studied first and its electromechanical equivalent circuit was derived. Based on the network theory and the electromechanical equivalent circuit, the torsional vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic cylinder, formed by stacking a number of identical short piezoelectric ceramic rings, was analysed and the electromechanical equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric ceramic stack in torsional vibration was developed. Finally, the sandwiched ultrasonic torsional transducer was studied and resonance frequency equations were derived which can be used to design and calculate the torsional transducers for different applications.     

Theoretical analysis and experimental validation of radial cascaded composite ultrasonic transducer

A radial cascaded composite ultrasonic transducer is analyzed.The transducer consists of three short metal tubes and two radially polarized piezoelectric ceramic short tubes arranged alternately along the radial direction.The short metal tubes and the piezoelectric ceramic short tubes are connected in parallel electrically and in series mechanically,which can multiply the input sound power and sound intensity.Based on the theory of plane stress,the electro-mechanical equivalent circuit of radial vibration of the transducer is derived firstly.The resonance/anti-resonance frequency equation and the expression of the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient are obtained.Excellent electromechanical characteristics are determined by changing the radial geometric dimensions.Two prototypes of the transducers are designed and manufactured to support the analytical theory.It is concluded that the theoretical resonance/anti-resonance frequencies are consistent with the numerical and experimental results.When R_2 is at certain values,both the anti-resonance frequency and effective electromechanical coupling coefficient corresponding to the second mode have maximal values.The radial cascaded composite ultrasonic transducer is expected to be used in the fields of ultrasonic water treatment and underwater acoustics.     

液腔耦合高灵敏度压电陶瓷水听器

提出一种利用液腔模态提高接收灵敏度的压电陶瓷标量水听器,称为液腔耦合水听器。该水听器用径向极化的压电陶瓷圆管作为敏感材料,将圆管的外侧壁和上下端面屏蔽而仅使其内侧壁接收声压信号。用"能量法"对压电圆管的振动做了详细分析并给出了等效电路;利用有限元方法预测了水听器的接收性能,并制作、测试了水听器样机。实测证明,在1~8 kHz频率范围内,液腔耦合水听器比相同尺寸的外壁接收圆管水听器的灵敏度有显著提高,在液腔谐振频率附近接收灵敏度达到-181 dB,比后者高10 dB以上。液腔结构的引入,能在较宽频率范围内显著提高水听器的接收灵敏度。