Selective formation of dihydropyran derivatives by a tandem domino ring-closing metathesis/cross-metathesis

A ring-closing metathesis (RCM)/cross-metathesis (CM) domino reaction has been applied to esters and unsymmetrical ether prepared from 1,5-hexadien-3-ol. For the first time, dihydropyran derivatives have been obtained via a regioselective cyclization. This reaction was performed in high yield and E stereoselectivity.     

Stereocontrolled total synthesis and biological evaluation of (−)- and (+)-petrosin and its derivatives

Total synthesis of (−)- and (+)-petrosin was accomplished. Stereocontrolled construction of the quinolizidine ring was achieved through a diastereoselective Mannich reaction and an aza-Michael reaction. Head-to-tail dimerization was performed by assembly of the two monomers using Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling and subsequent ring-closing metathesis to construct the 16-membered ring. Biological evaluation of synthetic (−)- and (+)-petrosin and its derivatives indicated that the bispiperidine structure was necessary for the inhibition of syncytium formation.     

Preparation of RCM substrates for azepinoindole synthesis: reductive amination versus tetrahydro-γ-carboline formation

Treatment of N-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-vinyl-3-indolecarbaldehydes with primary aliphatic amines under mild reductive amination conditions leads to tetrahydro-γ-carbolines in high yield. The process can be suppressed by changing the protecting group at the indole nitrogen for a methoxymethyl group, thus allowing the preparation of RCM substrates for azepinoindole synthesis.     

Synthesis of nitrogen-containing spirocyclic scaffolds via aminoallylation/RCM sequence

A concise route to nitrogen-containing spirocyclic scaffolds was developed. It is based on the allylation of imines derived from cyclic ketones. The resulting homoallylamines were subsequently alkylated with bromomethylmethacrylate resulting in propenyl-butenyl substituted amine derivatives. Basic amines such as 4 or 10 were cyclized with the Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst in the presence of pTsOH. Carbamate derivatives could be converted to tetrahydropiperidine derivatives with the same catalyst. It could be shown that the acrylate functionality can be degraded to the ketone using the classical sequence consisting of Curtius rearrangement of the derived acrylic acid followed by hydrolysis of the vinyl isocyanate. Other modifications include reduction of the acrylate double bond, saponification of the ester group, and amide formation.     

Directed ring-closing metathesis of trienes by silyl substitution

A synthetic strategy for ‘disarming’ a terminal alkene by substitution with a bulky silyl blocking group has been developed. In a series of model studies, sequential selective ring-closing metathesis of trienes followed by selective mono-hydrogenation of the resulting diene is described. The bulky silylated alkene is activated for a subsequent cross-metathesis reaction with a range of diverse alkenes by protodesilylation.     

Syntheses and Characterization of Metal Complexes of L－Lysine－N，N，N＇，N＇－tetraacetic Acid and L－Lysine－N，N，N＇，N＇－tetramethylenepho sphonic Acid

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Facile synthesis of versatile functionalized amino caprolactams using RCM reactions of α-amino acrylamide

We report an efficient synthetic methodology allowing access to functionalized α-amino caprolactams using ring-closing metathesis (RCM). A very high tolerance of α-amino acrylamide RCM precursors toward functional groups is demonstrated. The synthetic pathway is facile, and can be extended to prepare a variety of substituted amino caprolactams in good to excellent yields. These compounds serve as versatile building blocks for the synthesis of some important natural products and their analogues.     

A novel synthesis of substituted quinolines using ring-closing metathesis (RCM): its application to the synthesis of key intermediates for anti-malarial agents

A method for synthesizing substituted quinolines using ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis as a key step has been developed. Substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines, 4-silyloxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 4-methoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline, were successfully synthesized in excellent yields via ene-ene metathesis and silyl or alkyl enol ether-ene metathesis, respectively. The synthetic intermediates of the antimalarial agents quinine, chloroquine, and PPMP-quinine hybrid were efficiently synthesized by this methodology.     

Facile synthesis of azocino[4,3-b]indoles by ring-closing metathesis

The azocino[4,3-b]indole system, tricyclic substructure of the indole alkaloids apparicine and ervaticine, is efficiently assembled by ring-closing metathesis of 2-allyl-3-(allylaminomethyl)indoles. The metathesis sites are introduced into the indole nucleus by reductive amination of a 3-formyl derivative with allylamine, followed by α-lithiation with subsequent electrophilic trapping with acrolein.     

Absence of the Thorpe-Ingold Effect by gem-Diphenyl Groups in Ring-Closing Enyne Metathesis

In tandem ring-closing metathesis of alkynyl silaketals containing two different tethered olefins, the gem-dimethyl group showed the expected Thorpe-Ingold effect, thereby giving good level of group selectivity. Unexpectedly, however, the corresponding gem-diphenyl group did not show any Thorpe-Ingold effect for the ring-closure reaction.     

脂肪酸糖酯类表面活性剂的合成及应用

脂肪酸糖酯是一类绿色、安全、可生物降解的非离子型表面活性剂,因其具有良好的乳化能力和杀菌性能以及对皮肤刺激性低等诸多优点而被广泛应用于食品、医药、化妆品和农业领域。本文对脂肪酸糖酯的合成及应用进行了综述,从而为深入研究并开发脂肪酸糖酯类表面活性剂提供参考。     

Reactivity of unsaturated sultones synthesized from unsaturated alcohols by ring-closing metathesis. Application to the racemic synthesis of the originally proposed structure of mycothiazole

Unsaturated sultones have been synthesized from various primary or secondary alkenols by ring-closing metathesis of the corresponding unsaturated sulfonates. By treatment with a strong base, β,γ-unsaturated sultones can be metalated and subsequently alkylated with electrophiles. When iodomethylmagnesium chloride was selected as the electrophile, seven-membered ring β,γ-unsaturated sultones were converted into homoallylic conjugated (Z)-dienols. This methodology was applied to the racemic synthesis of the originally proposed structure of the marine natural product mycothiazole.     

Synthesis of guaiane sesquiterpenoids by a ring-closing metathesis annulation sequence

A new route for the synthesis of guaiane and nor-guaiane sesquiterpenoids is described, using a ring-closing metathesis annulation reaction sequence on a chiral enantiopure cycloheptenone derived from (R)-(−)-carvone.     

Synthesis of dinucleotides with 2′-C to phosphate connections by ring-closing metathesis

Four different nucleosides with olefinic 2′-modifications were prepared; 2′-C-methylene, 2′-C-(propen-1-yl), 2′-C-allyl and 2′-O-allyl uridines, respectively. These were incorporated into dinucleotides with allyl phosphate or vinyl phosphonate linkages. Hence, six different dinucleotides were studied as substrates for RCM reactions, and from four of these, cyclic dinucleotides with connections between 2′-C and phosphorus of 3-6 atoms were obtained.     

Synthesis of sulfur-substituted quinolizidines and pyrido[1,2-a]azepines by ring-closing metathesis

Sulfur-substituted quinolizidines and pyrido[1,2-a]azepines (7) can be prepared by ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of 4-(phenylthio)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-ones (6) bearing terminal alkenyl groups at both N-1 and C-6 positions, which are obtained from 3-(phenylthio)-3-sulfolene (1) in four steps. Some synthetic transformations of 2-(phenylthio)-1,6,9,9a-tetrahydroquinolizin-4-one (7a) and 2-(phenylthio)-1,6,9,10,10a-pentahydropyrido[1,2-a]azepin-4-one (7d) are also reported.     

Directed Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Reactions of Phenylacetic Acid Esters and Amides

For the first time, a catalytic protocol for a highly selective hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) of phenylacetic acid esters and amides under very mild reaction conditions is reported. Using a homogeneous iridium catalyst supported by a bidentate phosphine-imidazolin-2-imine P,N ligand, the HIE reaction on a series of phenylacetic acid derivatives proceeds with high yields, high selectivity, and with deuterium incorporation up to 99 %. The method is fully adaptable to the specific requirements of tritium chemistry, and its effectiveness was demonstrated by direct tritium labeling of the fungicide benalaxyl and the drug camylofine. Further insights into the mechanism of the HIE reaction with catalyst 1 have been provided utilizing DFT calculations, NMR studies, and X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Efficient stereodivergent synthesis of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminohexitols from an (S)-glyceraldimine

A stereodivergent synthesis of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-mannitol I and d-allitol III from an (S)-glyceraldimine, which is easily prepared from d-mannitol, has been achieved with overall yields of 62% and 49%, respectively. The synthesis is based on the addition of vinylmagnesium bromide to N-benzylimine 1, derived from readily available (R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde, followed by N-allylation or N-acryloylation, ring-closing metathesis and asymmetric dihydroxylation.     

氮支冠醚二硫化甲酸酯化合物的合成

报道合成氮支冠醚的一种新连续方法，２，３－苯并－１０－氮杂－１，４，７，１３－四氧杂环十五－２－烯与二硫化碳在氢氧化钠存在下反应生成胺基二硫化甲酸盐，然后与卤代烃连接，形成单、双、参冠醚。     

氮支冠醚二硫代甲酸酯化合物的合成

报道合成氮支冠醚的一种新连接方法。２，３－苯并－１０－氮杂－１，４，７，１３－四氧杂环十五－２－烯与二疏化碳在氢氧化钠存在下反应生成胺基二硫代甲酸盐，然后与卤代烃连接，形成单、双、叁冠醚。     

Synthesis of tetrahydrobenzoisoquinolinols, tetrahydropyrindines, and hexahydroquinolines from 4-aryltetrahydropyridines

A straightforward synthesis of tetrahydrobenzoisoquinolinols 2, tetrahydropyrindines 3, and hexahydroquinolines 4 from versatile intermediate 6 is reported. Two key transformations were carried out by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization and ring-closing metathesis in moderate yields. Skeleton 6 was easily prepared from the known starting material 4-aryl-4-methoxypiperidin-3-ones 7 via Wittig olefination with Ph₃P=CHCO₂Et, deconjugation with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and boron trifluoride etherate (BF₃-OEt₂)-catalyzed addition of the corresponding iminium ion with allyltrimethylsilane.