Vertex solution theorem for the upper and lower bounds on the dynamic response of structures with uncertain-but-bounded parameters

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of uncertain-but-bounded parameters on the dynamic response of structures. By combining the interval mathematics and the finite element analysis, the mass matrix, damping matrix, stiffness matrix and the external loads are represented as interval matrices and vector. With the help of the optimization theory, we present the vertex solution theorem for determining both the exact upper bounds or maximum values and the exact lower bounds or minimum values of the dynamic response of structures, in which these parameters reach their extreme values on the boundary of the interval mass, damping, stiffness matrices and the interval extemal loads vector. Three examples are used to illustrate the computational aspects of the presented vertex solution theorem.     

计算具有区间参数结构的固有频率的优化方法

基于区间函数的单向包含性质，把具有区间非确定参数结构的固有频率所在区间范围问题 转化成两个全局优化问题，并采用一种实数编码遗传算法求取问题的全局解. 用一种能够求 得剪切型结构和弹簧质量系统特征值范围精确解的单调分析方法进行检验. 在一 些文献中，直接采用区间数运算法则和有限元法得到结构区间刚度阵和区间质量阵，并把关 于该区间刚度阵和区间质量阵的广义区间特征值问题的特征值区间作为待求的非确定性结构 的特征值所在的区间范围，该方法易于扩大问题的解域. 算例表明，可望得到结构 固有频率区间范围的准确解.     

Exact bounds for the static response set of structures with uncertain-but-bounded parameters

The numerical estimation of the static displacement bounds of structures with uncertain-but-bounded parameters is considered in this paper. By representing each uncertain-but-bounded parameter as an interval number or vector, a static response analysis problem for the structure can be expressed in the form of a system of linear interval equations, in which the coefficient matrix and the right-hand side term are, respectively, the interval matrix and the interval vector. In this study, we present two new simple mathematical proofs of the vertex solution theorem using Cramer’s rule for solving linear interval equations, different from the other proof methods, to find the upper and lower bounds on the set of solutions. The first takes advantage of optimization theory, while the second is based on interval extension. By means of a typical example considered first by Hansen, it can be seen that the result calculated by the vertex solution theorem is the same as one predicted by the Oettli–Prager criterion. Examples of a three-stepped beam and a 10-bar truss are presented to illustrate the computational aspects of the vertex solution theorem in comparison with the interval perturbation method.     

PARALLEL COMPUTING FOR STATIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES WITH UNCERTAIN-BUT-BOUNDED PARAMETERS

The vertex solution for estimation on the static displacement bounds of structures with uncertain-but-bounded parameters is studied in this paper. For the linear static problem, when there are uncertain interval parameters in the stiffness matrix and the vector of applied forces, the static response may be an interval. Based on the interval operations, the interval solution obtained by the vertex solution is more accurate and more credible than other methods （such as the perturbation method）. However, the vertex solution method by traditional serial computing usually needs large computational efforts, especially for large structures. In order to avoid its disadvantages of large calculation and much runtime, its parallel computing which can be used in large-scale computing is presented in this paper. Two kinds of parallel computing algorithms are proposed based on the vertex solution. The parallel computing will solve many interval problems which cannot be resolved by traditional interval analysis methods.     

A new method for computing the upper and lower bounds on frequencies of structures with interval parameters

In this paper, we will investigate the method for computing the upper and lower bounds on frequencies of structures with bounded uncertain (or interval) parameters. The stiffness matrix and the mass matrix of structures, whose elements have the initial errors, are unknown except for the fact that they belong to given bounded matrix sets. The set of possible matrices can be described by the interval matrix. By means of the stationary condition of Rayleigh Qutient and the minimax theorem of eigenvalues, the generalized eigenvalue problem of structures with bounded uncertain parameters can be transformed into two different generalized eigenvalue problems. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method is effective.     

不确定参数闭环控制系统特征值的区间分析

运用区间理论,讨论了区间参数的结构振动控制问题,给出了求解闭环系统区间特征值的一种方法．基于区间参数导出了区间刚度矩阵和质量矩阵,然后利用矩阵摄动理论和区间扩张理论,推导了复区间特征值上下界估计的算法．这些结果是从二阶系统的左右特征向量出发得到的．将该文方法应用到悬臂梁的控制问题,数值结果表明它是有效的．     

A model identification method of vibrating structures from incomplete modal information

ＡＭＯＤＥＬＩＤＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＦＶＩＢＲＡＴＩＮＧＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＳＦＲＯＭＩＮＣＯＭＰＬＥＴＥＭＯＤＡＬＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＺｈｅｎｇＸｉａｏｐｉｎｇ（郑小平）ＹａｏＺｈｅｎｈａｎ（姚振汉）ＱｕＳｈｉｓｈｅｎｇ（蘧时胜）...     

A MODEL IDENTIFICATION METHOD OF VIBRATING STRUCTURES FROM INCOMPLETE MODAL INFORMATION

ＡＭＯＤＥＬＩＤＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＦＶＩＢＲＡＴＩＮＧＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＳＦＲＯＭＩＮＣＯＭＰＬＥＴＥＭＯＤＡＬＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＺｈｅｎｇＸｉａｏｐｉｎｇ（郑小平）ＹａｏＺｈｅｎｈａｎ（姚振汉）ＱｕＳｈｉｓｈｅｎｇ（蘧时胜）...     

有界参数结构特征值的上下界定理

与方法近似性的结构特征值包含定理不同,给出参数近似性的结构的特征值上下界定理．在结构刚度矩阵和质量矩阵可以利用结构参数进行非员分解的条件下,通过区间分析,将特征值的上下界分解成两个广义特征值问题进行求解．结果可以看成是胡海昌教授的特征值质量包含定理和刚度包含定理在结构参数近似性特征值问题中的一种推广和应用．     

随机结构系统的一般实矩阵特征值问题的概率分析

由于工程实际结构的复杂性和所用材料在统计上的离散性以及测量、加工、制造误差的存在，必然导致具有随机参数的随机结构振动系统，按结构参数的性质来划分，随机振动问题包括两方面内容：(1)确定结构问题；(2)随机结构问题。本文以现代数学理论为依托，研究了随机结构系统的一般实矩阵的特征值问题。根据Kronecker代数、向量值和矩阵值函数的灵敏度分析、一般二阶矩法和概率摄动技术给出了计算随机结构系统的一般实矩阵的特征值和特征向量的数值方法，可以有效地得出随机结构系统的一般实矩阵的特征向量的统计量，发展了2D矩阵值函数的随机结构系统的特征值问题概率分析理论。     

二次特征矩阵表示的特征值有界性分析

采用二次特征矩阵近似表示精确有限元和精确动态子结构分析中得出的超越或非线性动态刚度阵，并证明了在满足一定条件的前提下，二次特征阵给出的特征值是精确刚度阵特征值的上界或下界。     

大型结构特征值问题的Lanczos子结构并行算法

本文利用子结构和Lanczos方法,提出了大型结构固有频率与模态的并行解法。该方法在Lanczos方法的求解过程中,仅利用子结构刚度阵和质量阵并行进行凝聚,进而求得新的迭代矢量,最终求得三对角阵对应的特征值和特征向量。该算法在西安交通大学ELXSI-6400并行计算机上程序实现,计算结果表明能有效地节省计算时间和计算机的内存,为一种有效的大型工程结构动力问题的求解方法。     

Eigenvalue bounds for linear mechanical systems with nonmodal damping

Eigenvalue bounds for damped linear mechanical systems are presented based on a ‘modified equation of state’. The system exhibits nonmodal damping, by which we mean that classical normal modes do not obtain. The special case of an underdamped system is discussed, leading to bounds on a generalized damping ratio. The bounds are expressed in terms of the extreme eigenvalues of the constituent matrices. Geometrically, they define rectangular regions in the complex plane which contain the system eigenvalues.     

二类复特征值表达式的适用性研究

对于线性系统，根据其质量、刚度或阻尼等矩阵的性质了解特征值，是十分有意义的问题．对于有阻尼陀螺系统，本文首先通过模态正交性推导了有关矩阵的若干关系式．然后分析了复特征值的两类表达式的适用性，着重讨论了通过一元二次方程研究特征值性质的现行处理方法存在的困难．提出一种确定特征值的补充方法，指出可能存在虚数特征值的系统的性质．算例表明结论正确     

Second-order sensitivity of eigenpairs in multiple parameter structures

This paper presents methods for computing a second-order sensitivity matrix and the Hessian matrix of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of multiple parameter structures. Second-order perturbations of eigenvalues and eigenvectors are transformed into multiple parameter forms,and the second-order perturbation sensitivity matrices of eigenvalues and eigenvectors are developed.With these formulations,the efficient methods based on the second-order Taylor expansion and second-order perturbation are obtained to estimate changes of eigenvalues and eigenvectors when the design parameters are changed. The presented method avoids direct differential operation,and thus reduces difficulty for computing the second-order sensitivity matrices of eigenpairs.A numerical example is given to demonstrate application and accuracy of the proposed method.     

First-order perturbation solution to the complex eigenvalues

The matrix perturbation method is extended to discrete linear nonconservative system with unsymmetrical matrices in this article. By introducing the concept of the adjoint complex eigenvector and by making use of the orthogonality relationship in the complex mode theory, the first-order perturbation solution to the complex eigenvalues is derived. Numerical example shows that this method is efficient and practicable.     

A new matrix perturbation method for analytical solution of the complex modal eigenvalue problem of viscously damped linear vibration systems

A new matrix perturbation analysis method is presented for efficient approximatesolution of the complex modal quadratic generalized eigenvalue problem of viscouslydamped linear vibration systems.First,the damping matrix is decomposed into the sum of aproportional-and a nonproportional-damping parts,and the solutions of the real modaleigenproblem with the proportional dampings are determined,which are a set of initialapproximate solutions of the complex modal eigenproblem.Second,by taking thenonproportional-damping part as a small modification to the proportional one and using thematrix perturbation analysis method,a set of approximate solutions of the complex modaleigenvalue problem can be obtained analytically.The result is quite simple.The new methodis applicable to the systems with viscous dampings-which do not deviate far away from theproportional-damping case.It is particularly important that the solution technique be alsoeffective to the systems with heavy,but not over,dampings.The solution formul     

Goal-oriented error estimation applied to direct solution of steady-state analysis with frequency-domain finite element method

Based on the concept of the constitutive relation error along with the residuals of both the origin and the dual problems,a goal-oriented error estimation method with extended degrees of freedom is developed.It leads to the high quality local error bounds in the problem of the direct-solution steady-state dynamic analysis with a frequency-domain finite element,which involves the enrichments with plural variable basis functions.The solution of the steady-state dynamic procedure calculates the harmonic response directly in terms of the physical degrees of freedom in the model,which uses the mass,damping,and stiffness matrices of the system.A three-dimensional finite element example is carried out to illustrate the computational procedures.     

PERTURBATION METHOD FOR REANALYSIS OF THE MATRIX SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION

The perturbation method for the reanalysis of the singular value decomposition(SVD)of general real matrices is presented in this paper.This is a simple but efficientreanalysis technique for the SVD,which is of great worth to enhance computationalefficiency of the iterative analysis problems that require matrix singular valuedecomposition repeatedly.The asymptotic estimate formulas for the singular values and thecorresponding left and right singular vectors up to second-order perturbation componentsare derived.At the end of the paper the way to extend the perturbation method to the case ofgeneral complex matrices is advanced.     

计算具有区间参数结构特征值范围的一种新方法

基于区间效学的包含单调性和区间函效所表述的实际物理意义，把广义区间特征值问题转化为两个以非确定参效为优化变量，以关心的特征值为目标函效的全局优化问题，并采用遗传算法对优化问题求解，计算得到结构特征值的区间范围。通过效值算例对本文方法的有效性进行了验证，并和区间摄动法的计算结果进行了比较。