Free Monoid in Monoidal Abelian Categories

We give an explicit construction of the free monoid in monoidal abelian categories when the monoidal product does not necessarily preserve coproducts. Then we apply it to several new monoidal categories that appeared recently in the theory of Koszul duality for operads and props. This gives a conceptual explanation of the form of the free operad, free dioperad and free properad.      

Yetter–Drinfeld Modules over Weak Braided Hopf Monoids and Center Categories

In this paper,we introduce several centralizer constructions in a monoidal context and establish a monoidal equivalence with the category of Yetter–Drinfeld modules over a weak braided Hopf monoid.We apply the general result to the calculus of the center in module categories.     

On the structure of Hom quandles

We continue the study of the quandle of homomorphisms into a medial quandle begun in [1]. We show that it suffices to consider only medial source quandles, and therefore the structure theorem of [10] provides a characterization of the Hom quandle. In the particular case when the target is 2-reductive this characterization takes on a simple form that makes it easy to count and determine the structure of the Hom quandle.     

Formal translation monoid and algebra congruences in a monoidal category

In a monoidal category we characterize algebra congruences using the free approximation of their translation monoid. We then construct explicitely the congruence generated by a relation and cogenerated by an equivalence.     

Multiplier Hopf Monoids

The notion of multiplier Hopf monoid in any braided monoidal category is introduced as a multiplier bimonoid whose constituent fusion morphisms are isomorphisms. In the category of vector spaces over the complex numbers, Van Daele’s definition of multiplier Hopf algebra is re-obtained. It is shown that the key features of multiplier Hopf algebras (over fields) remain valid in this more general context. Namely, for a multiplier Hopf monoid A, the existence of a unique antipode is proved — in an appropriate, multiplier-valued sense — which is shown to be a morphism of multiplier bimonoids from a twisted version of A to A. For a regular multiplier Hopf monoid (whose twisted versions are multiplier Hopf monoids as well) the antipode is proved to factorize through a proper automorphism of the object A. Under mild further assumptions, duals in the base category are shown to lift to the monoidal categories of modules and of comodules over a regular multiplier Hopf monoid. Finally, the so-called Fundamental Theorem of Hopf modules is proved — which states an equivalence between the base category and the category of Hopf modules over a multiplier Hopf monoid.     

Categories with sums and right distributive tensor product

Models for parallel and concurrent processes lead quite naturally to the study of monoidal categories (Inform. Comput. 88 (2) (1990) 105). In particular a category Tree of trees, equipped with a non-symmetric tensor product, interpreted as a concatenation, seems to be very useful to represent (local) behavior of non-deterministic agents able to communicate (Enriched Categories for Local and Interaction Calculi, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 283, Springer, Berlin, 1987, pp. 57-70). The category Tree is also provided with a coproduct (corresponding to choice between behaviors) and the tensor product is only partially distributive w.r.t. it, in order to preserve non-determinism. Such a category can be properly defined as the category of the (finite) symmetric categories on a free monoid, when this free monoid is considered as a 2-category. The monoidal structure is inherited from the concatenation in the monoid. In this paper we prove that for every alphabet A, Tree(A), the category of finite A-labeled trees is equivalent to the free category which is generated by A and enjoys the afore-mentioned properties. The related category Beh(A), corresponding to global behaviors is also proven to be equivalent to the free category which is generated by A and enjoys a smaller set of properties.     

The Hilton-Heckmann argument for the anti-commutativity of cup products

We present a simple extension of the classical Hilton-Eckmann argument which proves that the endomorphism monoid of the unit object in a monoidal category is commutative. It allows us to recover in a uniform way well-known results on the graded-commutativity of cup products defined on the cohomology theories attached to various algebraic structures, as well as some more recent results.

     

Holomorphic functions of exponential type and duality for stein groups with algebraic connected component of identity

We suggest a generalization of Pontryagin duality from the category of commutative, complex Lie groups to the category of (not necessarily commutative) Stein groups with algebraic connected component of identity. In contrast to the other similar generalizations, in our approach the enveloping category consists of Hopf algebras (in a proper symmetrical monoidal category).     

Quandles derived from dynamical systems and subsets which are closed under quandle operations

A quandle is a set with a binary operation satisfying certain conditions related to Reidemeister moves in knot theory. First we give an example of a quandle with subsets which are not subquandles but closed under the quandle operation. We introduce a method to produce a quandle from an invertible dynamical system. Our example is generalized to such dynamical quandles.     

Categorification of Hopf algebras of rooted trees

We exhibit a monoidal structure on the category of finite sets indexed by P-trees for a finitary polynomial endofunctor P. This structure categorifies the monoid scheme (over Spec ?) whose semiring of functions is (a P-version of) the Connes-Kreimer bialgebra H of rooted trees (a Hopf algebra after base change to ? and collapsing H ₀). The monoidal structure is itself given by a polynomial functor, represented by three easily described set maps; we show that these maps are the same as those occurring in the polynomial representation of the free monad on P.     

Quandle homotopy invariants of knotted surfaces

Given a finite quandle, we introduce a quandle homotopy invariant of knotted surfaces in the 4-sphere, modifying that of classical links. This invariant is valued in the third homotopy group of the quandle space, and is universal among the (generalized) quandle cocycle invariants. We compute the second and third homotopy groups, with respect to “regular Alexander quandles”. As a corollary, any quandle cocycle invariant using the dihedral quandle of prime order is a scalar multiple of Mochizuki 3-cocycle invariant. As another result, we determine the third quandle homology group of the dihedral quandle of odd order.     

Inequivalent surface-knots with the same knot quandle

We have a knot quandle and a fundamental class as invariants for a surface-knot. These invariants can be defined for a classical knot in a similar way, and it is known that the pair of them is a complete invariant for classical knots. In surface-knot theory the situation is different: There exist arbitrarily many inequivalent surface-knots of genus g with the same knot quandle, and there exist two inequivalent surface-knots of genus g with the same knot quandle and with the same fundamental class.     

Free Monoids over Semigroups in a Monoidal Category: Construction and Applications

The adjunction of a unit to an algebraic structure with a given binary associative operation is discussed by interpreting such structures as semigroups and monoids respectively in a monoidal category. This approach then allows for results on the adjunction of counits to coalgebraic structures with a binary co-associative co-operation as well. Special attention is paid to situations where a given coalgebraic structure induces a “dual" algebraic one; here the compatibility of adjoining (co)units and dualization is examined. The extension of this process to starred algebraic structures and to monoid actions is discussed as well. Particular emphasis is given to examples from many areas of mathematics.     

Quandle homology and complex volume

We introduce a new homology theory of quandles, called simplicial quandle homology, which is quite different from quandle homology developed by Carter et al. We construct a homomorphism from a quandle homology group to a simplicial quandle homology group. As an application, we obtain a method for computing the complex volume of a hyperbolic link only from its diagram.     

Tensor products and homotopies for ω-groupoids and crossed complexes

Crossed complexes have longstanding uses, explicit and implicit, in homotopy theory and the cohomology of groups. It is here shown that the category of crossed complexes over groupoids has a symmetric monoidal closed structure in which the internal Hom functor is built from morphisms of crossed complexes, nonabelian chain homotopies between them and similar higher homotopies. The tensor product involves non-abelian constructions related to the commutator calculus and the homotopy addition lemma. This monoidal closed structure is derived from that on the equivalent category of ω-groupoids where the underlying cubical structure gives geometrically natural definitions of tensor products and homotopies.     

Action du groupe des tresses sur une catégorie

We describe how to define by generators and relations an action of the braid group on a category. More generally, how to define a functor from a generalized positive braids monoid, corresponding to a finite Coxeter group, to a monoidal category. Applications to constructions of Bondal (exceptional systems) and of Broué–Michel (correspondences on flag manifolds) are given. 0. Introduction...159 1. Actions...164 2. Contractibilité...171 Bibliographie...175

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Oblatum: VII-1996     

Monoidal composition of distributions

Summary A useful property of a Poisson process is that if occurrences are independently selected with probability a, then the resulting process is Poisson with mean a, where is the original process mean. This property is examined from an abstract viewpoint under a natural restriction on the selection mechanism, namely that if a, b, characterize two selection mechanisms of interest, then the composite selection, when acting on a given distribution, is characterized by a o b, where o is an associative operation. In the terminology of Bourbaki, the quantities, a,b,..., together with o, form a monoid. The monoid will, for simplicity, be assumed to possess a two-sided unit e. The class of processes is generalized under a related closure restriction, which is that the distributions are members of a parametric family which is invariant under a monoidal selection mechanism. Various consequences of these assumptions are deduced, relating to the form of the selection mechanism and of the parametric families. The methods of Aczél are used here.Under the special assumption that the monoid involved is the multiplicative monoid of reals in the unit interval, that the selection is positively compatible with the parametric family, and that the generating functions are univariate and of Mandelbrojt type, it follows from the Bernstein-Widder Theorem that the distributions are mixtures of stuttering (also called compound) Poisson distributions. Moreover, it is shown that every parametric family is positively compatible with linear selection, and that negative binomial distributions are positively compatible with exponential selection.