钢筋混凝土结构改进型分离式数值模型

提出一种考虑粘结滑移效应的钢筋混凝土改进型分离式数值模型。在混合物理论基础上,该模型兼顾混凝土基体和钢筋的力学行为,且基于钢筋混凝土界面粘结滑移模型,获得了钢筋等效模型。改进型分离式数值模型由于对钢筋及其界面无显式离散要求,使得钢筋的运用完全独立于其几何形状,同时对混凝土网格没有约束,并且不增加计算成本,因此该模型可适用于钢筋混凝土宏观结构层面分析。通过钢筋混凝土构件-结构的爆炸实验,对改进型分离式数值模型进行层次化验证。对比结果表明,考虑粘结滑移效应的有限元模型能够更好地预测钢筋混凝土结构的宏观力学行为。     

A multi-fiber approach for modeling corroded reinforced concrete structures

Taking into account the specific behavior of the steel/concrete interface is of primary importance to predict properly the structural response of RC structures. Several constitutive models have been proposed in the literature within the framework of nonlinear finite element method (2D and 3D). Such approaches usually lead to high computational costs due to the large number of degrees of freedom. In the present paper, a multifiber-based model including the steel/concrete interface behavior is proposed. Despite the fact that the kinematics of the multi-fiber approach is based on the theory of beams, this simplified strategy accounts for local phenomena such as the relative sliding between concrete and steel. Furthermore, this steel/concrete interface constitutive model can be extended to model the loss of bond properties due to corrosion. The numerical implementation aspects are described and local responses at the Gauss point level are exposed in the cases of monotonic loadings with and without corrosion. The efficiency and the reliability of the proposed approach are tested on structural case studies which highlight a good agreement between numerical and experimental results. This multifiber-based model provides a pertinent tool for the engineers concerns with the structural assessment of degraded reinforced concrete structures.     

A fracture model of reinforced concrete

Analyzed in this work is the failure mechanism of unidirectionally reinforced concrete under general stress state. The fracture process is described analytically by establishing the relation between loading and damage that involves the constitutive parameters of the reinforced concrete. Taken into account are the stiffnesses of mortar and reinforcement, bond strength of interface and mortar fracture toughness. An estimate on the ultimate strength is made with results given to the shear strength of a concrete slab.     

A simple orthotropic elasticity-based constitutive model for reinforced concrete

Using strain-induced orthotropic material concepts, a new numerical constitutive model is demonstrated by predicting the ultimate capacity of a unique simple test specimen and two cylindrical shell structures. Only the uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete and the yield stress of the reinforcing steel are needed as input to predict both constitutive behavior and structural strength. The approach is simple, reliable and computationally efficient.Paper was presented at the 1988 SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in Portland, OR on June 5–10.     

A new higher-order elastoplastic beam model for reinforced concrete

Meccanica - The present paper introduces a new elastoplastic beam model for reinforced concrete based on a higher-order beam model previously developed (Int J Numer Methods Eng....     

钢筋混凝土开裂角软化薄膜模型

开裂角介于固定角和转动角之间,是裂缝实际的开展方向角.通过建立平衡方程、协调方程、钢筋和混凝土本构方程、泊松比效应系数方程,提出了钢筋混凝土开裂角软化薄膜模型,该模型考虑了拉应变与压应变的相互作用.本文还给出从应力到应变的计算方法,与传统从应变到应力的计算方法相比,该方法无须进行反复试算,计算简便.通过与8块钢筋混凝土薄板试验结果的比较,验证了所提出开裂角软化薄膜模型及其算法的正确性.     

一个新的钢筋混凝土损伤塑性模型

为了准确、高效地对拆除爆破工程进行数值模拟,考虑钢筋混凝土受拉刚化效应以及配筋率对受拉刚化效应的影响和受压箍筋约束效应,采用组合模量的方法给出了一个简化的钢筋混凝土本构关系,在LS-DYNA有限元软件中的混凝土损伤塑性模型的基础上,通过参数修改建立新的钢筋混凝土损伤塑性模型模拟来钢筋混凝土。在实验验证的基础上,采用钢筋混凝土损伤塑性等效模型对一双切口钢筋混凝土烟囱延时爆破拆除效果进行数值模拟,数值模拟结果表明该模型可以准确反映烟囱倒塌破坏及运动过程。

     

Homogenised constitutive model coupling damage and debonding for reinforced concrete structures under cyclic solicitations

A new stress resultant constitutive model for reinforced concrete plates under cyclic solicitations is presented. This model is built by the periodic homogenisation approach using the averaging method and couples damage of concrete and periodic debonding between concrete and steel rebar. In one-dimensional situations, we derive a closed-form solution of the local problem useful to verify and set up the plate problem. The one dimensional macroscopic constitutive model involves a limited number of parameters, the sensibility of which is studied. Comparison to experimental results underlines the pertinence of the model by considering internal debonding in order to properly represent the mechanical dissipation occurring during cyclic loadings on reinforced concrete panels.     

Nonlinear damage model for seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete frame members and structures

A nonlinear damage model based on the combination of deformation and hysteretic energy and its validation with experiments are presented. Also, a combination parameter is defined to consider the mutual effect of deformation and hysteretic energy for different types of components in different loading stages. Four reinforced concrete (RC) columns are simulated and analyzed using the nonlinear damage model. The results indicate that the damage evolution evaluated by the model agrees well with the experimental phenomenon. Furthermore, the seismic damage evolution of a six-story RC frame was analyzed, revealing four typical failure modes according to the interstory drift distribution of the structure; the damage values calculated using the nonlinear damage model agree well with the four typical failure modes.     

A two-phase model and related numerical tool for the design of soil structures reinforced by stiff linear inclusions

A two-phase macroscopic model is presented for ascertaining the overall linear elastic behaviour of a soil reinforced by stiff long inclusions, with a particular emphasis on the shear and flexural behaviour of the reinforcements. Based on a minimum principle for the potential energy of any two-phase system, expressed as a function of the kinematically admissible displacement and rotation fields, a finite element formulation is established, resulting in the elaboration of a numerical computer code devoted to the simulation of any reinforced soil structure under plane strain conditions. This finite element code is applied to the evaluation of the settlements experienced by a rigid raft foundation placed on top of a soil reinforced by a group of vertical piles, and subject to combined loading conditions. One of the important conclusions which may be drawn from such a quantitative analysis is that the shear and flexural behaviour of the reinforcing piles, as well as the way these piles are connected to the foundation, play a decisive role in the case of lateral loading.     

A smeared / layered reinforced concrete model for finite element analysis

A new reinforced concrete model, in which the reinforcement steel is assumed as smeared / layered in concrete, is established and installed into a currently used finite element code for nonlinear analysis. It performs the nonlinear behaviors of both concrete and the reinforcement steel. The results of examples are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

钢筋混凝土桥墩弯剪数值分析模型

基于修正的压力场理论MCFT(The Modified Compression Field Theory)和纤维单元模型建立了钢筋混凝土桥墩的弯剪数值分析模型,以MCFT理论确定桥墩的剪切力-剪切位移关系,并与考虑桥墩弯曲变形的纤维单元模型组合,共同考虑桥墩的弯-剪-轴力耦合作用.通过与六个弯剪破坏控制的圆形截面钢筋混凝土桥墩拟静力试验结果的对比,对分析模型进行了验证.主要认识结论为基于MCFT理论可准确地计算弯剪破坏桥墩的屈服荷载、极限荷载和弹性阶段剪切刚度,剪切开裂是引起钢筋混凝土构件剪切力-剪切位移关系刚度突变的主要因素,而弯曲开裂与纵筋屈服对刚度的影响较小;分析模型对弯剪破坏桥墩的滞回曲线、弯曲与剪切变形成分均进行了较为准确的模拟分析.     

A numerical model for non-linear dynamic analysis of slender masonry structures

A numerical model is presented to enable performing non-linear dynamic analysis of slender masonry structures and elements, such as towers and columns or masonry walls in out-of-plane flexure. Such structures are represented via a continuous one-dimensional model. The main mechanical characteristics of the material in all sections along the height of such structures are taken into account by means of a non-linear elastic constitutive law formulated in terms of generalized stress and strain, under the assumption that the material has no resistance to tension and limited compressive strength. The relations defined herein for the general case of hollow rectangular cross-sections are also aimed at enabling study of towers, bell-towers and similar slender structures.     

钢筋混凝土排架结构的抗爆破坏等级

为了研究钢筋混凝土排架结构在大当量爆炸冲击波下的破坏规律,依据最大TNT当量为3 t的爆炸试验,对排架主体结构的抗爆破坏等级进行数值模拟研究。通过量纲分析得到1/2缩比模型的荷载参数和结构尺寸。基于Abaqus有限元软件,利用CONWEP方法实现爆炸加载,分别计算装药0.5 t爆距33 m和装药3 t爆距33 m两种工况下排架结构的破坏形态,并与试验结果进行对比。进一步通过控制药量和距离,计算不同超压和冲量下缩比模型的破坏形态。研究结果表明,排架的关键破坏特征为中间承重柱的倾覆转动;数值计算与试验破坏形态吻合较好,特征位移和特征转角的最大相对误差分别为5.6%和4.6%。以承重柱的倾覆角作为划分依据,将计算结果分为3种破坏等级,拟合得到的超压-冲量曲线和药量-距离曲线可用于厂房安全距离和仓库容量设计以及意外爆炸下的破坏程度预估。

     

钢筋混凝土靶侵彻的可压缩弹-塑性动态空腔膨胀阻力模型

在Forrestal素混凝土靶侵彻的可压缩弹-塑性球形动态空腔膨胀理论模型基础上,考虑粉碎区以内钢筋对混凝土的环向约束作用,提出了一个适用于刚性弹侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的阻力模型。论文通过体积配筋率的引入,获得了钢筋混凝土靶空腔表面径向应力的理论解,并讨论了配筋率对空腔壁面径向应力及各分区大小的影响。结果表明：钢筋对混凝土的环向约束效应影响了空腔膨胀过程中混凝土各区域的大小分布,并提高了空腔表面的径向应力。

     

刚性平头弹正侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的阻力模型

本文基于素混凝土侵彻理论,将钢筋混凝土中钢筋的失效模式简化为弯曲剪切失效后,建立了刚性平头弹侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的阻力模型,侵彻深度的计算结果与Young公式吻合良好,表明本文提出的理论模型可较为合理地预测侵彻深度。进一步分析了不同着靶点的位置对弹体侵彻的影响,结果表明：当弹体直径与钢筋网眼尺寸的比值小于1时,弹体撞击到网眼中心处侵彻深度最大;当弹体直径与网眼尺寸的比值大于1时,最不利着靶点位置视其比值而定。最后,基于防护角度的最不利工况,建立了侵彻深度的工程计算公式。

     

Shock wave method for monitoring crack repair processes in reinforced concrete structures

A nondestructive method for monitoring the crack state in reinforced concrete structures based on the recoding of wave processes in these structures under shock actions is proposed. The essence of the method and its possibilities are demonstrated by an example of the study of the behavior of a reinforced concrete beam with a crack at various stages of crack development and repair. Numerical simulation was used to study variations in the wave front characteristics in the crack area. A quantitative criterion was formulated, which permits estimating the concrete integrity or the existence of crack in it and monitoring the variations in the crack state in the process of loading the structure and the crack repair. The criterion is determined as the ratio of the amplitudes of the first half-waves of the acceleration wave front registered in regions on the opposite shores of the crack. The criterion value is independent of the amplitude of the shock action and the beam fixation conditions and is solely determined by the mechanical state of the material used to repair the crack. The criterion adequacy was demonstrated by comparing the results of numerical simulation with experimental data. A cycle of numerical experiments were carried out, which, for each duration of the shock action, permits determining the optimal values of the distance between the pulse application point and the acceleration recording points at which the criterion is most sensitive to the crack state.     

钢筋混凝土梁临界斜裂缝倾角计算的概率模型

综合考虑剪跨比、混凝土强度、配筋率和配箍率等重要因素的影响,研究建立了RC梁临界斜裂缝倾角计算的概率模型。首先,基于修正压力场理论,建立了RC梁临界斜裂缝倾角的确定性计算模型;然后,引入剪跨比修正系数,并综合考虑主观不确定性和客观不确定性因素的影响,结合贝叶斯理论和马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛法（MCMC）,建立了RC梁临界斜裂缝倾角计算的概率模型;最后,通过与试验数据和传统确定性计算模型的对比分析,验证了该模型的有效性和适用性。分析结果表明,随着剪跨比的增大,RC梁的临界斜裂缝倾角逐渐减小;临界斜裂缝倾角的试验测试值的范围为23°～41°,具有显著的离散性;本文概率模型不仅可以合理描述临界斜裂缝倾角的概率分布特性,而且可以校准传统确定性计算模型的计算精度和置信水平,以及根据预定的置信水平确定临界斜裂缝倾角的概率特征值,具有良好的计算精度和适用性。