62例佝偻病患儿头发钙元素分析

为了解佝偻病患儿头发钙含量情况，将测得的62例佝偻病患儿发钙值进行了分析。结果表明，男女佝偻病患儿头发钙含量均高于正常值，其中男患儿头发钙与正常值相比，差异具有高度显著性意义(P＜0．01)；男女佝偻病患儿与体检儿头发钙比较，前者均高于后者，但无统计学意义；男女体检儿及男女佝偻病患儿之间头发钙含量差异无显著性。结果提示，佝偻病患儿发钙值并不比正常值低，相反还高于正常值，故不能简单地用发钙值高低来反映体内钙的营养状况。     

826例儿童发铅、锌、铜、铁、钙含量分析

探讨了东乡县儿童体内微量元素情况。对826例儿童发铅、锌、铜、铁、钙检测结果分各年龄组进行了分析。结果表明,826例儿童中发铅含量超标512例,占61．99％;发锌含量低标604例,占73．1％;发铜含量低标46例,占5．6％;发铁含量低标95例,占11．5％;发钙含量低标116例,占19．6％,占19．6％。5种元素含量与年龄有关,随着年龄增大,发铅、锌、铜、钙含量下降,发铁含量上升。分析表明,儿童铅污染、锌、钙缺乏程度相当普遍且严重。在儿童生长发育期进行常规的微量元素检测非常必要。     

多补钙对儿童发钙及生长发育的作用

为研究多补钙对儿童体内钙含量的影响和对生长发育的促进作用,给202名6个月至7岁的儿童服用多补钙1年,在服用前后测量体重、身高、坐高、头围、胸围、臂围和发钙,对儿童形态指标先做等级评价后,应用配对设计差值的符号秩和检验(Wilcoxon配对法)进行统计分析,发钙采用配对设计差值t检验分析。结果表明,服用多补钙1年后儿童发钙平均增加113×10-6,身高、坐高、头围、胸围和臂围的发育水平有显著提高。提示多补钙能有效地提高儿童发钙含量,对儿童的生长发育有明显促进作用。     

256名7～14岁儿童头发锌、铜、铁、钙含量及分析

测定株洲市东区４个单位的２５６名儿童头发中锌、铜、铁、钙含量．结果发锌平均值为１５０．７５×１０－６，发铜９．７６×１０－６，发铁４５．９３×１０－６，发钙４８１．３１×１０－６．结果表明儿童期各年龄组间，男、女性别间差异无显著意义。     

高要市400名0～6岁儿童头发中4种微量元素含量及水平分析

报道了高要市400名0－6岁健康儿童头发中锌,铁,铅和钙的含量,发锌96。55＊10^-6,发铁32．28＊10^-6,发铜9.43*10^-6,发钙652.1*10^-6,并对分析数据进行医学统计分析,结果表明性别间发锌,发铜有显著性差异,并与其它部分地区儿童进行了比较。     

湛江地区健康儿童发中微量元素正常参考值的探讨

测定了湛江地区２５６２例１－７岁健康儿童头发中锌,铜,铁、钙含量。根据十年积累的资料,分成四个年龄组,分别进行了统计学处理。结果显示：不同年龄组发锌和发钙随着性别、地域的变化,存在着显著性差异;     

流动注射吸光光度法测定饲料样品中钙

基于钙色素（Ｃａｃｉｃｈｒｏｍｅ）在碱性条件与钙形成灵敏的红色络合物这一显色反应，在ＦＩＡ－２４００型流动注射仪上，用吸光光度计做检测器，建立了测定饲料样品中钙的流动注射吸光光度法，分析测定条件为０．２０ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１氢氧化钠－０．２ｇ．Ｌ＾－１钙色素溶液为显色剂，以３０ｇ．Ｌ＾－１三乙醇胺溶液为载流，测定波长为５１０ｎｍ，钙的浓度在０～１０．０μｇ，．ｍｌ＾－１有良好线性关系，适用于测定各种饲     

周岁内幼儿头发中锌钙含量的动态分析

对合肥市16671名1－12个月幼儿的发锌，钙含量进行了测定，并对测定值进行了统计分析。结果表明，锌，钙的含量随着月龄的增加呈直线递减。并给出了发锌，钙含量的趋势线方程，丰富了目前文献给出的发锌，钙的标准值，为及时准确判断周岁内幼儿微量元素锌，钙缺乏程度提出依据。     

深圳市1408例儿童发中钙,铁,镁含量调查与分析

用火焰原子吸收法检测了深圳市１４０８例１３岁以下儿童发中钙，铁，镁的元素含量，并探讨了元素含量与年龄，性别的关系，结果显示，性别差异有显著意义，钙，镁含量随年龄增长有相似变化。     

714名0～6岁儿童头发中6种微量元素含量及水平分析

报道了南山区714名0～6岁儿童头发中锌、铜、铁、钙、镁和锰的含量，发锌79．88×10－6、发铜9．64×10－6、发铁31．36×10－6、发钙560．54×10－6、发镁为66．12×10－6、发锰为2．24×10－6，并对分析数据进行了医学统计分析，结果表明各年龄组间、性别间无显著性差异。     

Skeletal calcium/phosphorus ratio measuring techniques by neutron activation and X-ray absorptiometry

Summary An approach to the problem of bone disorders is the measurement of the skeletons’ static and dynamic strength, an estimate of the bone mineral density. A decrease in the bone density may be due to the decrease in either Ca or P content, or to dissimilar decreases in both. Consequently, the determination of the Ca/P ratio may provide a sensitive measure of bone mineral changes and may add to our understanding of the changes occurring in bone diseases. This paper reviews the instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and X-ray absorptiometry techniques, which have been developed for the in vitro or in vivo assessment of the Ca, P content and the Ca/P ratio in bones, respectively. Their main aspects and results are presented, regarding the referred values.     

Neutron activation analysis of Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, and P content in human bone affected by osteomyelitis or osteogenic sarcoma

The Ca, Cl, Mg, Na, and P content and Ca/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Na, Cl/Ca, and Cl/Na ratios in samples of intact cortical bone, inflamed bone and osteogenic sarcoma tissue were investigated by neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. In osteogenic sarcoma tissue the mass fractions of Cl and Na are higher and the mass fraction of Ca is lower than that of both normal and inflamed bone tissues. It was shown that the differences between the Cl/Ca ratio can be used as an additional test for differential diagnosis between normal or inflamed bone and osteogenic sarcoma.     

Interpretation of 41Ca data using compartmental modeling in post-menopausal women

Calcium-41 (t(1/2) = 10(5) years) can be used after a single dose to follow calcium metabolism over a subject's lifetime. The aims of this study were to expand a (41)Ca kinetic model and estimate bone resorption in women with stable bone loss, compare the rates with those calculated with classical isotope studies, and to use the model to simulate dynamic changes in urinary (41)Ca:Ca ratios and bone balance for the design and interpretation of (41)Ca studies. Forty-two women >5 years post-menopause were given (41)Ca intravenously. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density of total body were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the beginning of the study. Urine collections were made periodically for up to ~5 years while subjects were free living. Urinary (41)Ca:Ca ratios were measured using accelerator mass spectrometry. The isotope data were analyzed by compartmental modeling. Four compartments were necessary to fit the urinary tracer data and total bone calcium. The final model included pathways for absorption, distribution, urinary excretion, and endogenous excretion and was used to calculate rates of bone turnover. Estimates of bone resorption in a subset of the women (n = 13), studied previously in a 3-week balance and full kinetic study with (45)Ca, agreed with those using (41)Ca methodology. Thus, rates of bone resorption can be estimated from (41)Ca urinary data in stable post-menopausal women. The model was used to simulate dynamic changes in urinary (41)Ca:Ca ratios and bone balance, as a result of interventions that perturb calcium metabolism to aid in study design and interpretation.     

Pharmacological evaluation of LiuWei Zhuanggu Granules in rats

Many commonly consumed foods, herbs and spices contain a complex array of naturally occurring bioactive molecules called phytochemicals, which may confer health benefits. In this study, the impact of LiuWei Zhuanggu Granules (LWZGG) on mineral metabolism in osteopenia development was evaluated. Results showed that serum estrogen, bone gla protein (BGP), and calcitonin (CT) levels, bone Ca, Zn and Cu levels, femur, lumbar vertebrae and trabecular bone density, tibia maximum stress and maximum bending strength were increased, and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum and urine Ca, Zn and Cu levels were decreased in rat bone. It can be concluded that LWZGG is useful to improve bone quality in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.     

Calcification mechanism and bony bonding studies of calcium carbonate and composite aluminosilicate/calcium phosphate applied as biomaterials by using radioactivation methods

Bony grafts are used as a filling biomaterial for defective bone. The introduction of new range of synthetic materials offers to surgeons additional possibilities to avoid virus transmission risks by using natural grafts in bony surgery. In this work, two materials, synthetic calcium carbonate and composite aluminosilicate/calcium phosphate were synthesized by an original method and experimented “in vivo” as biomaterials for bony filling. Extracted biopsies were studied by several physico chemical and biological methods. The aim was to evaluate the kinetic resorption and bioconsolidation of these materials. We focused on the bioconsolidation between implant and bone by realising cartographies from the implant to the bone and on the calcification mechanism by determination of the origin of Ca and Sr responsible of the neo-formed bone. Neutron activation analysis (NAA), radiotracers ⁴⁵Ca* and ⁸⁵Sr* and proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) were used. Concerning the synthetic calcium carbonate, results show that twelve months after implantation, the mineral composition of implant becomes similar to that of the mature bone. The neoformed bone is composed with Ca and Sr coming from the organism when the Ca and Sr of the implant were progressively eliminated. Concerning the composite geopolymer/calcium phosphate, PIXE and histological studies reveal the intimate links between the bone and the implant starting with the first month after implantation.     

Elemental composition of hair and bone density measurements at diagnosis in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease

A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) system has been employed to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) at diagnosis. The results of the study indicate that even at diagnosis, a significantly reduced bone mineral density measured in terms of the Z-score, was observed in the lumbar spine and whole body of the IBD subjects. This was found to be more pronounced in Crohn's disease than in the ulcerative colitis subjects. Furthermore, the study was extended to investigate the elemental composition of hair of IBD subjects and age matched controls using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The concentrations of 11 elements; Al, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, I, K, Mg, Mn, Na and V were determined. A significantly reduced concentration of Ca, Cu, K, Mn, and V were observed in the hair of IBD subjects as compared to the control group. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

毛冬青总皂苷对AHNP诱导肝损伤大鼠骨中7种微量元素的影响

目的探讨了毛冬青总皂苷对AHNP诱导肝损伤大鼠骨中微量元素的影响。方法应用逆行胰胆管术注射牛磺胆酸钠（TAC）复制急性出血坏死性胰腺炎（AHNP）大鼠实验动物模型,进行了毛冬青总皂苷（高、低剂量）的治疗。观察了5组（假手术对照组、AHNP模型组、毛冬青总皂苷高剂量组、毛冬青总皂苷低剂量组、尼尔雌醇组、）大鼠股骨中Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn、Pb、Mg和ca等微量元素的变化。结果统计学结果显示与AHNP模型组比较,毛冬青总皂苷能提高AHNP大鼠骨质中cu、Fe、Mn、Mg、Ca等元素的含量,尼尔雌醇组中的zn含量提高,毛冬青总皂苷组中的zn含量反而下降;尼尔雌醇组与毛冬青总皂苷组中Pb含量下降明显。结论说明毛冬青总皂苷的治疗作用并不是单一的,可以认为中药毛冬青总皂苷是通过发挥对人体整体的调节作用来调节骨骼中微量元素的变化,改变骨质的代谢情况,促进骨密度的提高。     

Effect of extracts from safflower seeds on osteoblast differentiation and intracellular calcium ion concentration in MC3T3-E1 cells

Although safflower seeds have long been used in Korea as herbal medicines, very little research has been published on the effects of safflower seed on bone formation or bone density. The study reported here therefore examined bone nodule formation, calcium uptake, alkaline phosphatase activity, and intracellular concentration of calcium ion [Ca(2+)](i) in murine osteoblastic cells of the MC3T3-E1 line that were cultured on modified Eagle's minimal essential medium alone (controls) or with addition of 0.1% crude extract of safflower seed (experimental group I) or 0.1% aqueous fraction of safflower seed (experimental group II). Fluorescence spectrometry measurement of ([Ca(2+)](i)) showed significantly accelerated rates of osteoblast differentiation in experimental group I (3 microL of crude extract in 8 x 10(4) cells) and experimental group II (2 microL of aqueous fraction in 8 x 10(4) cells) compared to the control group.     

Lycopene effects on serum mineral elements and bone strength in rats

This study investigated the beneficial effect of lycopene on bone biomarkers in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female Wistar rats were either sham operated or surgically ovariectomized and then fed with lycopene for 8 weeks. Serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and bone gla protein (BGP) concentration was significantly higher in the untreated OVX group compared with that of the sham group, whereas serum estrogen levels were lower. Bone mineral density (BMD), BMD/wt, bone mineral content (BMC), BMC/wt values, maximum load, stiffness, energy and maximum stress were significantly lower in the untreated OVX group compared with that of the sham group. Administration of lycopene (20, 30 and 40 mg/kg b.w.) for 8 weeks significantly decreased serum Ca, P, ALP, and IL-6 concentration, and enhanced serum estrogen level, BMD, BMD/wt, BMC, BMC/wt values, maximum load, stiffness, energy and maximum stress in lycopene-treated OVX groups. In conclusion, the consumption of lycopene may have the most protective effect on bone in OVX rats.     

Labeling the human skeleton with 41Ca to assess changes in bone calcium metabolism

Bone research is limited by the methods available for detecting changes in bone metabolism. While dual X-ray absorptiometry is rather insensitive, biochemical markers are subject to significant intra-individual variation. In the study presented here, we evaluated the isotopic labeling of bone using ⁴¹Ca, a long-lived radiotracer, as an alternative approach. After successful labeling of the skeleton, changes in the systematics of urinary ⁴¹Ca excretion are expected to directly reflect changes in bone Ca metabolism. A minute amount of ⁴¹Ca (100 nCi) was administered orally to 22 postmenopausal women. Kinetics of tracer excretion were assessed by monitoring changes in urinary ⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca isotope ratios up to 700 days post-dosing using accelerator mass spectrometry and resonance ionization mass spectrometry. Isotopic labeling of the skeleton was evaluated by two different approaches: (i) urinary ⁴¹Ca data were fitted to an established function consisting of an exponential term and a power law term for each individual; (ii) ⁴¹Ca data were analyzed by population pharmacokinetic (NONMEM) analysis to identify a compartmental model that describes urinary ⁴¹Ca tracer kinetics. A linear three-compartment model with a central compartment and two sequential peripheral compartments was found to best fit the ⁴¹Ca data. Fits based on the use of the combined exponential/power law function describing urinary tracer excretion showed substantially higher deviations between predicted and measured values than fits based on the compartmental modeling approach. By establishing the urinary ⁴¹Ca excretion pattern using data points up to day 500 and extrapolating these curves up to day 700, it was found that the calculated ⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca isotope ratios in urine were significantly lower than the observed ⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca isotope ratios for both techniques. Compartmental analysis can overcome this limitation. By identifying relative changes in transfer rates between compartments in response to an intervention, inaccuracies in the underlying model cancel out. Changes in tracer distribution between compartments were modeled based on identified kinetic parameters. While changes in bone formation and resorption can, in principle, be assessed by monitoring urinary ⁴¹Ca excretion over the first few weeks post-dosing, assessment of an intervention effect is more reliable ∼150 days post-dosing when excreted tracer originates mainly from bone.