Solitary Elastic Waves and Elastic Wavelets

A new group of wavelets that have the form of solitary waves and are the solutions of the wave equations for dispersive media is proposed to call elastic wavelets. That this group includes well-known Mexican-hat wavelets is proved. It is proposed to use elastic wavelets to study local features of the profile evolution of a solitary wave in an elastic dispersive medium     

A Prestressed Elastic Strip with Elastic Reinforcements

A contact problem is studied for a prestressed elastic strip with an elastic reinforcement. The integral Fourier transform is used to construct an influence function for an infinite strip with one face fixed. A unit concentrated force is applied to the strip at an arbitrary angle. The contact problem on force transfer from a thin infinite stringer to the prestressed strip is solved. The problem is mathematically formulated as a system of integro-differential equations for the unknown contact stresses on the assumption that the beam bending model and the uniaxial stress model are valid for the stringer, which is subjected to both vertical and horizontal forces. This system is solved in a closed form using the integral Fourier transform. The contact stresses are expressed in terms of Fourier integrals in a quite simple form. The influence of the initial stresses on the contact stress distribution is analyzed, and effects of concentrated load are revealed     

Elastic recovery and polymer-polymer interactions

i) Elastic recovery in polymeric liquids is a cooperative phenomenon in the sense that individual polymer molecules undergoing retraction must interact with one another in order to generate recovery. Stress generated by polymer molecules under an externally imposed flow field may or may not be a cooperative phenomenon. We suggest that the ability to describe the large elastic recovery exhibited by many polymeric liquids furnishes a crucial test of the validity of methods used to model the interaction of a given polymer molecule with its neighbors. Temporary-junction network models appear to be capable of explaining observed recoveries. Elastic recovery cannot be explained by single-molecule-in-a-mean-field theories which involve no calculation of the effect of the single molecule on the mean field. ii) A Gaussian network theory equation for the change of volume with elongation for a cross-linked elastomer is generalized in order to allow the bulk compliance to depend on elongation. iii) It is proved that two classes of flow history, namely shear-free and shear, are constitutively independent in the sense that, for a given viscoelastic liquid of unknown constitutive equation, the behavior in one class cannot be predicted from rheological measurements (however extensive) made solely in the other class.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. J. Meissner on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Effect of Inertia of Elastic Waves in Elastic Systems with Axial Symmetry

We show that a standing wave excited in an elastic circular ring behaves like a material body: if the moment of external forces directed along the symmetry axis of the ring is applied to the ring, then not only the ring itself but also the initially standing wave excited in it will come to the accelerated rotation. In this motion, this “standing wave” does not change its shape and performs accelerated precession relative to the ring. In this case, the acceleration of the wave with respect to the ring constitutes a certain fraction of the acceleration of the ring relative to the inertial space. The moment of momentum of precessing and traveling waves is calculated.     

Elastic instabilities in rubber

Materials that undergo large elastic deformations can exhibit novel instabilities. Several examples are considered here: development of an aneurysm on inflating a cylindrical rubber tube; non-uniform stretching on inflating a spherical balloon; expansion of small cavities in rubber blocks when they are subjected to a critical amount of triaxial tension or when they are supersaturated with a dissolved gas; wrinkling of the surface of a block at a critical amount of compression; and the sudden formation of “knots” on twisting stretched cylindrical rods. These various deformations are analyzed in terms of simple strain energy functions using Rivlin's theory of large elastic deformations. The theoretical results are then compared with experimental measurements of the onset of unstable states. Such comparisons provide new tests of Rivlin's theory and, at least in principle, critical tests of proposed strain energy functions for rubber. Moreover, the onset of highly non-uniform deformations has serious implications for the fatigue life and fracture resistance of rubber components.     

Elastic stability and the zero moment condition

The work presented in this paper is concerned with the zero moment stability theory of Beatty. We find that while the zero moment condition can be justified as a possible aid in the analysis of certainspecific problems, we also indicate that this condition should not be considered as a general and primitive restriction on stability theory at the foundation level.     

Invertibility and Non-Invertibility in Thin Elastic Structures

The nonlinear elastic energy of a thin film of thickness h is given by a functional E ^h . Friesecke, James and Müller derived the Γ-limits, as h → 0, of the functionals h ^−α E ^h for α ≧ 3. In this article we study the invertibility properties of almost minimizers of these functionals, and more generally of sequences with equiintegrable energy density. We show that they are invertible almost everywhere away from a thin boundary layer near the film surface. Moreover, we obtain an upper bound for the width of this layer and a uniform upper bound on the diameter of preimages. We construct examples showing that these bounds are sharp. In particular, for all α ≧ 3 there exist Lipschitz continuous low energy deformations which are not locally invertible.     

Anticavitation and Differential Growth in Elastic Shells

Elastic anticavitation is the phenomenon of a void in an elastic solid collapsing on itself. Under the action of mechanical loading alone typical materials do not admit anticavitation. We study the possibility of anticavitation as a consequence of an imposed differential growth. Working in the geometry of a spherical shell, we seek radial growth functions which cause the shell to deform to a solid sphere. It is shown, surprisingly, that most material models do not admit full anticavitation, even when infinite growth or resorption is imposed at the inner surface of the shell. However, void collapse can occur in a limiting sense when radial and circumferential growth are properly balanced. Growth functions which diverge or vanish at a point arise naturally in a cumulative growth process.     

Confining Thin Elastic Sheets and Folding Paper

Crumpling a sheet of paper leads to the formation of complex folding patterns over several length scales. This can be understood on the basis of the interplay of a nonconvex elastic energy, which favors locally isometric deformations, and a small singular perturbation, which penalizes high curvature. Based on three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity and by using a combination of explicit constructions and general results from differential geometry, we prove that, in agreement with previous heuristic results in the physics literature, the total energy per unit thickness of such folding patterns scales at most as the thickness of the sheet to the power 5/3. For the case of a single fold we also obtain a corresponding lower bound.     

研究带有附加质量和弹性支承的弹性体动态特性的新方法

本文把梁的振动问题表示成第二类Fredholm型积分方程的特征值问题,然后用一种新的方法探讨了附加质量、弹性支承和截面形状变化对梁的动态特性的影响.     

Elastic waves in crystals and anisotropic media

The results of investigation of propagation of elastic waves in anisotropic media are discussed taking into account the two-dimensional problem of a source in an infinite medium and the Lamb problem for a half-plane. The media considered in the investigation are those for which the equations of motion under plane deformation conditions are characterized by four constants.     

Elastic modulus and yield stress of suspensions

A recent technique, developed to measure yield stress has here also been used to determine the elastic modulus of a suspension. Temperature effects have been measured.     

Exact Solutions for a Thick Elastic Plate with a Thin Elastic Surface Layer

A procedure has been developed in previous papers for constructing exact solutions of the equations of linear elasticity in a plate (not necessarily thin) of inhomogeneous isotropic linearly elastic material in which the elastic moduli depend in any specified manner on a coordinate normal to the plane of the plate. The essential idea is that any solution of the classical equations for a hypothetical thin plate or laminate (which are two-dimensional theories) generates, by straightforward substitutions, a solution of the three-dimensional elasticity equations for the inhomogeneous material. In this paper we consider a thick plate of isotropic elastic material with a thin surface layer of different isotropic elastic material. It is shown that the interface tractions and in-plane stress discontinuities are determined only by the initial two-dimensional solution, without recourse to the three-dimensional elasticity theory. Two illustrative examples are described.     

Elastic characteristics of elastomers

Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, No. 5, pp. 151–153, September–October, 1992.     

文克勒地基上弹性薄板受有限长弹性杆冲击的动力分析

对具有初速的有限长弹性杆与文克勒地基上弹性薄板的冲击问题进行了研究，用伽辽金原理求出了冲击力及薄板位移响应的近似公式，并对计算结果作了分析讨论     

考虑弹性地基切向抗力的变截面圆弧壳梁分析

本文根据弹性薄壳理论,考虑了弹性地基径向和切向抗力的影响,解决了变截面圆弧壳地基梁的难题,作者所提出的近似解析法和加权余量法、传递矩阵法较有限单元法简便.