Synthesis of Zeolite ZSM-2 Using Zeolite NaX as Seeds

Introduction Oxygen and nitrogen have been produced tradition-ally by cryogenic distillation of air. Methods for the non-cryogenic separation based on selective adsorption have been developed and commercialized since the 1970s and have led to a cost-effective process for this important separation.1 Low-silica zeolites are important materials for producing oxygen by selective adsorption of nitrogen. In 19891990, a new generation of lith-ium-based adsorbents was developed.2,3 Highly lithium exc…     

Hierarchical Porous ZSM‐5 Zeolite Synthesized by in situ Zeolitization and Its Coke Deposition Resistance in Aromatization Reaction

Hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites with micro‐, meso‐ and macroporosity were prepared from diatomite zeolitization through a vapor‐phase transport process on solid surfaces. The aromatization performance of the catalysts was investigated on a fixed bed reactor by using FCC gasoline as feedstock. The crystal phase, morphology, pore structures, acidity and coke depositions of the hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N₂ adsorption/desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and thermogravimetry‐mass spectrogram (TG‐MS), respectively. The results show that the prepared hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolite possesses excellent porosity and high crystallinity, displaying an improved aromatization performance and carbon deposition resistance due to its meso‐ and macroporous structures.     

生物质乙醇在 Fe-HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上脱水制乙烯

乙烯是一种重要的大宗化工原料.目前国内外乙烯的生产方法主要是石脑油裂解法.但是,随着全球性石油资源供求关系日趋紧张,以及该生产过程存在较大环境污染,该工艺面临严峻挑战.生物乙醇是一种可以通过生物质发酵获得的可再生资源.因此,生物质乙醇催化脱水制乙烯工艺受到越来越多研究者关注.该技术的关键在于高性能乙醇脱水制乙烯催化剂的开发.研究发现, Si/Al比大于40的 Fe改性 ZSM-5分子筛在乙醇转换制碳氢化合物的催化反应中具有较高活性,当反应温度大于400oC时,可生成 C1-C9的烷烃、烯烃和芳香烃,其中以 C3产物和芳香烃产物为主.本文研究了 Si/Al比为25-300的 Fe离子交换 ZSM-5分子筛在乙醇脱水制乙烯反应中的催化活性,并利用 XRD, NH3-TPD,吡啶吸附 FT-IR和DRS UV-VIS等表征手段,研究了催化剂的晶相结构、表面组成及酸性位点等,进而探究了该催化反应的反应机理.我们首先考察了 Si/Al比为25-300的 HZSM-5分子筛.随着分子筛 Si/Al比增大,乙醇转化率先增加后降低,在 Si/Al比为100时获得最高值;但是乙烯收率随着 Si/Al比的增加而持续下降, Si/Al比为25时有其最高值47%.经产物分析, HZSM-5(25)和 HZSM-5(300)虽具有相似的乙醇转化率,但前者产生大量 C3+产物,而后者产物只有乙烯和乙醚.据文献报道,乙醚是乙醇脱水制乙烯的中间产物,它的进一步脱水产生乙烯,而乙烯可进一步转化生成 C3+产物.因此,由于 HZSM-5(300)表面酸性较弱,主要生成反应中间体,而 HZSM-5(25)较强的表面酸性又导致乙烯进一步转化,生成 C3+产物.然后我们考察了经过3次离子交换处理的 Fe-ZSM-5催化剂.随着 Si/Al比上升(25-300),乙醇转化率和乙烯收率下降, Si/Al比为25时为其最高值;随着反应温度上升,乙醇转化率在260oC时达到近100%,之后维持不变,乙烯收率也在260 oC时为其峰值,温度继续上升造成乙烯收率再次下降;催化剂空速增大降低乙醇转化率和乙烯收率.经产物分析,温度较低和空速较大时产生大量的反应中间体乙醚,而温度较高时导致乙烯进一步转化生成 C3+产物.在反应温度为260oC、空速为0.81 h-1时, Fe-HZSM-5(25)催化剂上乙醇转化率为98%-99%、乙烯收率为97%-99%,并可实现长达1440 h的单程使用寿命,该值是 HZSM-5(25)催化剂的20余倍,具有很好的工业应用前景.为探究 Fe-ZSM-5(25)催化剂高催化活性和长催化寿命的原因,我们表征了催化剂.从 XRD结果可以看出,离子交换没有损坏 HZSM-5的晶体结构,也没有新的可检测到的物相产生.从 NH3-TPD结果看, HZSM-5(25)的CH/CL(强酸/弱酸)比为0.7, Fe-ZSM-5(25)的CH/CL比为0.29,可知 Fe离子交换降低了分子筛的表面酸性,特别是强酸性位.从吡啶吸附 FT-IR结果看, HZSM-5(25)的 B/L (Br?nsted酸性位/Lewis酸性位)比为1.42, Fe-ZSM-5(25)的 B/L比为0.25,可知 Fe离子交换主要减少的是分子筛表面的 Br?nsted酸性位.文献报道,乙醇脱水制乙烯主要发生在弱酸性位上,而乙烯进一步转化为 C3+产物发生在强酸性位上.所以,催化剂上强酸性位的减少有利于乙烯的生成反应.另据文献报道, Br?nsted酸性位是乙烯聚合、迅速覆盖催化活性位点产生积炭的催化活性中心.因此, Br?nsted酸性的降低可认为是 Fe-HZSM-5(25)催化剂单程使用寿命长较 HZSM-5(25)分子筛显著延长的原因.从 UV-VIS结果得知, Fe-ZSM-5上的 Fe物种主要以骨架内和骨架外 Fe3+为主,此外含有少量低聚合的 FexOy,但几乎没有 Fe2O3颗粒存在.文献记载, Fe3+物种是乙烯形成的活性物种,而 FeOx催化产生乙烯和乙醛.因此,催化剂中大量骨架内和骨架外 Fe3+物种的存在也可认为是该催化剂具有较强乙醇脱水制乙烯催化活性的原因之一.     

C−C Bond Formation in Syngas Conversion over Zinc Sites Grafted on ZSM‐5 Zeolite

Despite significant progress achieved in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) technology, control of product selectivity remains a challenge in syngas conversion. Herein, we demonstrate that Zn²⁺‐ion exchanged ZSM‐5 zeolite steers syngas conversion selectively to ethane with its selectivity reaching as high as 86 % among hydrocarbons (excluding CO₂) at 20 % CO conversion. NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and X‐ray fluorescence indicate that this is likely attributed to the highly dispersed Zn sites grafted on ZSM‐5. Quasi‐in‐situ solid‐state NMR, obtained by quenching the reaction in liquid N₂, detects C₂ species such as acetyl (‐COCH₃) bonding with an oxygen, ethyl (‐CH₂CH₃) bonding with a Zn site, and epoxyethane molecules adsorbing on a Zn site and a Brønsted acid site of the catalyst, respectively. These species could provide insight into C?C bond formation during ethane formation. Interestingly, this selective reaction pathway toward ethane appears to be general because a series of other Zn²⁺‐ion exchanged aluminosilicate zeolites with different topologies (for example, SSZ‐13, MCM‐22, and ZSM‐12) all give ethane predominantly. By contrast, a physical mixture of ZnO‐ZSM‐5 favors formation of hydrocarbons beyond C₃₊. These results provide an important guide for tuning the product selectivity in syngas conversion.     

Thermodynamics of Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on the Protonic Zeolite H‐ZSM‐5

Adsorption of carbon dioxide on H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite (Si:Al=11.5:1) was studied by means of variable‐temperature FT‐IR spectroscopy, in the temperature range of 310–365 K. The adsorbed CO₂ molecules interact with the zeolite Brønsted‐acid OH groups bringing about a characteristic red‐shift of the O? H stretching band from 3610 cm^?1 to 3480 cm^?1. Simultaneously, the ν₃ mode of adsorbed CO₂ is observed at 2345 cm^?1. From the variation of integrated intensity of the IR absorption bands at both 3610 and 2345 cm^?1, upon changing temperature (and CO₂ equilibrium pressure), the standard adsorption enthalpy of CO₂ on H‐ZSM‐5 is ΔH⁰=?31.2(±1) kJ mol^?1 and the corresponding entropy change is ΔS⁰=?140(±10) J mol^?1 K^?1. These results are discussed in the context of available data for carbon dioxide adsorption on other protonic, and also alkali‐metal exchanged, zeolites.     

异丁烯在不同硅铝比的NanZSM-5型分子筛中的吸附：分子模拟研究

Frameworks of NanZSM-5 type zeolites with various Si/A1 ratios have been constructed and optimized with molecular dynamic quench simulation. The results show that the structure parameters of NanZSM-5 type zeolite, including the bond length and atomic charges, are consistent with those predicted by ab initio cluster calculations. It was also observed that atomic charges of Si atoms were shifted to higher field in NanZSM-5 type zeolite with lower Si/Al ratio. Then, the adsorption of isobutene on NanZSM-5 with various Si/Al ratios has been investigated using grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulation and Cvff-300-1.01 forcefield. The simulated adsorption amount was in good agreement with the experimental data. Based on these facts, the effects of Si/Al ratio on the adsorption amount and adsorption isotherms of isobutene on NanZSM-5 were predicted. The results indicated that Si/Al ratio was important for the adsorption of isobutene and the adsorption amount was decreased as the Si/Al ratio was increased, which can be explained that the atomic charge of Na^＋ cation would influence greatly the π electrons of the isobutene double bond due to the Coulomb force. In addition, the adsorption sites of isobutene and interaction energy of isobutene with NanZSM-5 were also discussed.     

酸预处理对于 Fe-ZSM-5和 Fe-beta分子筛催化消除 N2O的影响

作为六大温室气体之一, N2O的增温潜能是 CO2的310倍,甲烷的21倍,目前仍然以0.80 ppb/年的速度增长,但是减排成本很低,因此对 N2O的消除具有重要意义.在工业中金属修饰的微孔分子筛因其优良的催化活性,高水热稳定性,低成本等优点而成为研究重点.但是微孔分子筛狭窄的微孔孔道限制了金属前驱体的进入,导致活性金属含量低,进而限制了活性的提高.因此采用一定的改性手段减小分子筛颗粒尺寸,缩短微孔孔道长度或者扩大微孔孔道来增加活性铁物种的含量进而提高分子筛催化活性.
　　本文选用商用的 ZSM-5和 beta分子筛作为母板分子筛,按照3 g ：50 mL比例将分子筛母板与1.0 mol/L的 HNO3在室温下混合,分别搅拌0,2和24 h,然后采用液相离子交换法负载金属铁制备得到 Fe-ZSM-5和 Fe-beta.通过 X射线衍射、N2物理吸吸脱附、电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜、NH3程序升温脱附及紫外漫反射(UV-vis)等手段对不同时间处理的分子筛的形貌、酸性和铁物种等物理化学性质进行表征.对两种催化剂催化消除 N2O的反应性能进行了测试.结果显示,温和的酸处理下分子筛脱除了部分 Al,其中, ZSM-5分子筛的表现为由外向内逐层刻蚀,颗粒尺寸减小,孔道长度缩短,但是由于 MFI型分子筛较高的稳定性,酸处理对分子筛孔道大小的改变并不明显,而对于 beta分子筛,首先是其中大量无定形物种的去除,然后对孔道进行修饰,使之略微扩大,但是对颗粒尺寸的影响不大.
　　 ICP结果显示,商用 ZSM-5和 beta分子筛经过温和的酸处理改性后, Si/Al比增大,负载 Fe的含量明显增加,各催化剂催化消除 N2O的活性也出现了不同程度的提高. Fe-ZSM-5和 Fe-beta分子筛上 N2O完全转化温度分别向低温段移动了10–15和30°C. UV-vis谱图显示,分子筛中存在着不同种类的铁物种,通过分峰计算发现,孤立的 Fe3+铁离子和低聚态的 Fex3+Oy均是催化活性铁物种,其含量的增加部分也解释了活性提高的原因.     

Iron(III), cobalt(II) and copper(II) complexes bearing 8‐quinolinol encapsulated in zeolite?Y for the aerobic oxidation of styrene

A series of Fe(III), Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of 8‐quinolinol were encapsulated into the supercages of zeolite? Y and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, SEM, N₂ adsorption/desorption, FT‐IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, ICP‐AES and TG/DSC measurements. The encapsulation was achieved by a flexible ligand method in which the transition metal cations were first ion‐exchanged into zeolite Y and then complexed with 8‐quinolinol ligand. The metal‐exchanged zeolites, metal complexes encapsulated in zeolite–Y plus non‐encapsulated homogeneous counterparts were all screened as catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of styrene under mild conditions. It was found that the encapsulated complexes always showed better activity than their respective non‐encapsulated counterparts. Moreover, the encapsulated iron complex showed good recoverability without significant loss of activity and selectivity within successive runs. Heterogeneity test for this catalyst confirmed its high stability against leaching of active complex species into solution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forming and Gathering of SnO2 Nanoparticles on External Surface of High Silica TON, MFI and FAU Type Zeolites

Tin dioxide （SnO2） nano-particles were prepared on high silica TON, MFI and FAU type zeolites by impregnation of SnC12 solution and subsequent calcination at 873 K. XRD and SAED were used to characterize the crystalline phase, and TEM was used to characterize the morphology, the particle size and the agglomerative state of the formed nano-materials. The nano-particles, which possess 8 nm, 10-80 nm and 6 nm in size, were found to form on the outer surface of TON, MFI and FAU zeolites, respectively. SnO2 microcapsules and SnOz netlike nanostructure were obtained by decomposition of SnO2-TON and SnO2-MFI in 40% hydrofluoric acid at room temperature. Compared with the nano-particles formed on NaY zeolite, the special morphology and the agglomerative state of SnO2 nanostructures on TON and MFI type zeolites with one and two dimension channel system indicate that the heterogeneous framework, surface structure and property perform important function for forming and growing SnO2 nanostructure on the outer surface of the zeolites.     

n‐Butane Monomolecular Cracking on Acidic Zeolites: A Density Functional Study

采用5T簇模型,利用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平下研究正丁烷在酸性分子筛上的单分子催化裂解反应。本文重点详细研究了正丁烷在分子筛表面不同C位的脱氢反应。在B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平下计算所得第一和第二位C-C键裂解的活化能垒分别为 238、217 kJ/mol。而第一第二序位脱氢反应能垒分别为296、242 kJ/mol。正丁烷不同序位脱氢反应的活化能垒相差54 kJ/mol。从计算结果可以看出,正丁烷在分子筛上催化裂解脱氢反应优先发生在第二位C原子上。此外,本文还讨论了簇模型结构与酸性的关系,结果显示改变封端Si-H键的键长的方法可以用来模拟分子筛酸性变化。最后研究了分子筛酸性变化与正丁烷催化裂解反应能垒的关系。     

纳米 ZSM-22分子筛的水热合成及在甲醇转化反应中的性能

分子筛结构的独特性和多样性使其在催化、吸附分离和离子交换等领域有着广泛应用.近年来,纳米分子筛制备和应用受到极大关注.与传统微米分子筛相比,纳米分子筛具有较小的晶粒尺寸、较大的外表面积和较高的表面活性,能显著提高其分离和催化性能.制备纳米晶体的常用方法有过量模板法、空间限定法、晶种法、离子热合成法及微反应器合成法等.目前,已合成出多种拓扑结构的纳米分子筛,包括 FAU, MFI, MEL和CHA等. ZSM-22是一种具有 TON拓扑结构的一维十元环直孔道分子筛(孔口尺寸为0.45 nm ×0.55 nm),在长链烷烃异构化和烯烃异构化等反应中表现出优异的催化活性.水热合成法是制备 ZSM-22分子筛最常用的方法,所得样品晶粒尺寸为2–15μm,但由于 ZSM-22分子筛是一种亚稳态结构,为了防止杂晶生成,合成通常是在剧烈搅拌(通常大于400 r/min)下进行.目前已有报道在较低转速下合成 ZSM-22分子筛,但产物仍为微米晶体;或在微波辅助水热合成条件下合成亚微米 ZSM-22分子筛,但晶体尺寸不可调且合成过程需要较高功率的微波反应器.因此,在水热条件下合成纯纳米 ZSM-22分子筛仍然是一个巨大挑战.本文在上述研究基础上采用改进的水热合成法成功合成出纳米 ZSM-22分子筛,考察了转速﹑硅铝比及乙醇共溶剂对晶粒尺寸的影响,比较了纳米和常规微米 ZSM-22分子筛的甲醇转化反应性能.结果表明,采用改进的水热合成法能够在较低转速下合成出纳米 ZSM-22分子筛,晶体尺寸在150–800 nm范围可调.通过考察转速对晶粒尺寸的影响,发现静态合成条件下无法形成 ZSM-22分子筛,表明 ZSM-22分子筛合成需要一定的转速.转速在10–50 r/min变化时,可以合成出不同晶体尺寸的 ZSM-22分子筛,且随转速提高, ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸先减小后增大,表明纳米 ZSM-22分子筛合成存在最佳转速.另外,配料硅铝比能显著影响 ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸,随配料硅铝比增加, ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸先减小后增大.通过在合成体系中添加乙醇作为共溶剂,考察了有机溶剂对 ZSM-22分子筛晶粒尺寸的影响,发现有机溶剂能显著增大 ZSM-22的晶体尺寸.将本文合成的纳米和常规微米 ZSM-22分子筛用于甲醇转化反应,考察了晶体尺寸对 ZSM-22分子筛甲醇转化反应性能的影响.发现与常规微米 ZSM-22分子筛相比,纳米 ZSM-22分子筛催化剂寿命显著提高,说明晶粒尺寸减小能有效减缓积碳导致的分子筛失活;同时,反应产物中乙烯和芳烃选择性有所提高,这是由于外表面积增大所致.此外,还考察了不同硅铝比 ZSM-22分子筛的甲醇转化反应性能.结果表明,分子筛硅铝比会影响催化剂寿命,但晶体尺寸对催化剂寿命影响更大. ZSM-22分子筛硅铝比增大有助于提高低碳烯烃选择性,减少芳烃生成.     

Exploring meso-/microporous composite molecular sieves with core-shell structures

A series of core–shell‐structured composite molecular sieves comprising zeolite single crystals (i.e., ZSM‐5) as a core and ordered mesoporous silica as a shell were synthesized by means of a surfactant‐directed sol–gel process in basic medium by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica precursor. Through this coating method, uniform mesoporous silica shells closely grow around the anisotropic zeolite single crystals, the shell thickness of which can easily be tuned in the range of 15–100 nm by changing the ratio of TEOS/zeolite. The obtained composite molecular sieves have compact meso‐/micropore junctions that form a hierarchical pore structure from ordered mesopore channels (2.4–3.0 nm in diameter) to zeolite micropores (≈0.51 nm). The short‐time kinetic diffusion efficiency of benzene molecules within pristine ZSM‐5 (≈7.88×10^?19 m² s^?1) is almost retainable after covering with 75 nm‐thick mesoporous silica shells (≈7.25×10^?19 m² s^?1), which reflects the greatly opened junctions between closely connected mesopores (shell) and micropores (core). The core–shell composite shows greatly enhanced adsorption capacity (≈1.35 mmol g^?1) for large molecules such as 1,3,5‐triisopropylbenzene relative to that of pristine ZSM‐5 (≈0.4 mmol g^?1) owing to the mesoporous silica shells. When Al species are introduced during the coating process, the core–shell composite molecular sieves demonstrate a graded acidity distribution from weak acidity of mesopores (predominant Lewis acid sites) to accessible strong acidity of zeolite cores (Lewis and Brønsted acid sites). The probe catalytic cracking reaction of n‐dodecane shows the superiority of the unique core–shell structure over pristine ZSM‐5. Insight into the core–shell composite structure with hierarchical pore and graded acidity distribution show great potential for petroleum catalytic processes.     

Effect of weak base modification on ZSM‐5 catalyst for methanol to aromatics

The effect of weak base modification on the catalytic performance of ZSM‐5 catalyst for conversion of methanol to aromatics was investigated. The catalysts were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, N₂ adsorption–desorption, NH₃ temperature‐programmed desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. The results showed that catalysts treated with weak base (NaHCO₃, Na₂CO₃ and NH₃⋅H₂O) exhibited a pore structure with interconnected micropores and mesopores. The existence of mesopores was beneficial for improving the diffusion of reactants and products, and the coke deposition resistance capacity of treated catalysts was enhanced greatly. Meanwhile, compared to traditional ZSM‐5 zeolite, the ratio of Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) acid sites of ZSM‐5/NH₃⋅H₂O (B/L = 7.35) zeolite slightly increased but the amount of acid sites reduced, while those of ZSM‐5/NaHCO₃ (B/L = 0.127) and ZSM‐5/Na₂CO₃ (B/L = 0.107) significantly reduced. Further, the catalyst treated with NH₃⋅H₂O solution was evaluated in the methanol to aromatics reaction and led to an enhanced aromatization reaction rate. The liquid hydrocarbons product distribution exhibited higher aromatic hydrocarbons yield (56.12%) and selectivity (40.28%) of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) with isoparaffin content reducing to 26.17%, which could be explained by appropriate B/L acid sites ratio, higher pore volumes and higher surface area.     

The porosity, acidity, and reactivity of dealuminated zeolite ZSM-5 at the single particle level: the influence of the zeolite architecture

A combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR‐SEM), focused‐ion‐beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM), and UV/Vis and synchrotron‐based IR microspectroscopy was used to investigate the dealumination processes of zeolite ZSM‐5 at the individual crystal level. It was shown that steaming has a significant impact on the porosity, acidity, and reactivity of the zeolite materials. The catalytic performance, tested by the styrene oligomerization and methanol‐to‐olefin reactions, led to the conclusion that mild steaming conditions resulted in greatly enhanced acidity and reactivity of dealuminated zeolite ZSM‐5. Interestingly, only residual surface mesoporosity was generated in the mildly steamed ZSM‐5 zeolite, leading to rapid crystal coloration and coking upon catalytic testing and indicating an enhanced deactivation of the zeolites. In contrast, harsh steaming conditions generated 5–50 nm mesopores, extensively improving the accessibility of the zeolites. However, severe dealumination decreased the strength of the Brønsted acid sites, causing a depletion of the overall acidity, which resulted in a major drop in catalytic activity.     

A comparative study on the activity of metal exchanged MCM22 zeolite in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx

A series of MCM22 zeolites exchanged with copper and cobalt are studied for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with C₃H₈ and the behavior compared with that of Cu and Co-beta and ZMS5 zeolites. The results show that Co and Cu-MCM22 samples are stable SCR catalysts. These zeolites give the maximum activity at 450°C. Their behavior towards oxygen content in the reactant phase and exchange level of the metal in the catalyst, is qualitatively similar to that of metal exchanged beta and ZSM5 zeolite, but the yields obtained with this zeolite are lower in any case. The infrared studies of adsorbed NO show, contrary to what is occurring in ZSM5 in which only Cu⁺ sites are observed at low NO partial pressure, that in this condition, Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ species are formed on MCM22. The results indicate that in MCM22, the copper located in the 10 member ring (MR) circular channels behaves similarly to that present in ZSM5, while the Cu present in the 12 MR cavities has a strong tendency to agglomerate forming non active CuO clusters.     

Ion‐exchanged binuclear Ca2OX clusters,X = 1–4, as active sites of selective oxidation over MOR and FAU zeolites

A new series of calcium oxide clusters Ca₂O_X (X = 1–4) at cationic positions of mordenite (MOR) and faujasite (FAU) is studied via the isolated cluster approach. Active oxide framework fragments are represented via 8‐membered window (8R) in MOR, and two 6R and 4R windows (6R+4R) possessing one common Si? O? Si moiety in FAU. Structural similarities between the Ca₂O_X(8R) and Ca₂O_X(6R+4R) moieties are considered up to X = 4. High oxidation possibilities of the Ca₂O₂(nR) and Ca₂O₃(nR) systems are demonstrated relative to CO, whose oxidation over the Ca‐exchanged zeolite forms is well studied experimentally. Relevance of the oxide cluster models with respect to trapping and desorption of singlet dioxygen is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010     

CuNaY分子筛的有效吸附位与其脱硫性能的关联性研究

以液相离子交换法制备了一系列不同Cu负载量的CuNaY分子筛;采用XRD及N₂吸附-脱附表征分子筛的微观结构和织构性质,采用动态吸附法考察其对噻吩模拟油的吸附脱硫性能,结合NH₃-TPD和Py-FTIR方法对CuNaY分子筛的酸量和有效Cu⁺物种进行定量分析,研究了CuNaY分子筛的表面酸性和铜物种形态结构对其吸附脱硫性能的影响机制。结果表明,通过改变铜负载量可有效调控改性Y分子筛的表面酸性以及铜物种化学形态;适量铜物种的引入可以最大限度的形成有效吸附位,从而获得最优吸附脱硫性能,而过量的Cu物种会在Y分子筛笼内形成多核铜物种结构,导致有效吸附位点的减少,影响其对噻吩的吸附能力。     

Study of the grafting reaction of SnMe4 on the surface of ZSM‐5 zeolite

The grafting reaction of tetramethyltin on the surface of ZSM‐5 zeolite (Si:Al = 55.0) was studied under vacuum conditions, and the chemical compositions, structure and properties of the resulting solid were characterized by in situ FTIR, ICP, XRD, XPS, UV–vis DRS, temperature programmed decomposition (TPD) and N₂ adsorption. The results show that the reaction occurs on the surface of ZSM‐5 zeolite at 223 K without destroying the zeolite framework. The BET surface area and the pore volume of the zeolite decrease and the surface properties change; however, the microporous structure is retained during the reaction and post treatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Zeolite-Polymer Composite Materials as Water Scavenger

The influence of the charge compensating cation nature (Na⁺, Mg²⁺) on the water adsorption properties of LTA-type zeolites used as filler in composite materials (zeolite/polymers) was investigated. Large scale cation exchanges were performed on zeolite powder at 80 °C for 2 h using 1 M magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) aqueous solutions. XRF, ICP, and EDX analyses indicate a successful cationic exchange process without the modification of the zeolite structure as shown by XRD and solid-state NMR analyses. Composite materials (granulates and molded parts) were manufactured using to extrusion and injection processes. In the case of MgA zeolite, nitrogen adsorption–desorption experiments allowed us to measure a microporous volume, unlike NaA zeolite, which is non-porous to nitrogen probe molecule. SEM and EDX analyses highlighted the homogeneous distribution of zeolite crystals into the polymer matrix. Water adsorption capacities confirmed that the trends observed in the zeolite powder samples are preserved after dragging zeolites into composite formulations. Granulates and molded parts composite samples containing the magnesium exchanged zeolite showed an increase of their water adsorption capacity up to +27% in comparison to composite samples containing the non-exchanged zeolite. The MgA composite is more promising for water decontamination applications due to its higher water adsorption properties than the NaA composite.     

Significant Influence of Zn on Activation of the C‐H Bonds of Small Alkanes by Brønsted Acid Sites of Zeolite

Herein, we analyze earlier obtained and new data about peculiarities of the H/D hydrogen exchange of small C₁–n‐C₄ alkanes on Zn‐modified high‐silica zeolites ZSM‐5 and BEA in comparison with the exchange for corresponding purely acidic forms of these zeolites. This allows us to identify an evident promoting effect of Zn on the activation of C? H bonds of alkanes by zeolite Brønsted sites. The effect of Zn is demonstrated by observing the regioselectivity of the H/D exchange for propane and n‐butane as well as by the increase in the rate and a decrease in the apparent activation energy of the exchange for all C₁–n‐C₄ alkanes upon modification of zeolites with Zn. The influence of Zn on alkane activation has been rationalized by dissociative adsorption of alkanes on Zn oxide species inside zeolite pores, which precedes the interaction of alkane with Brønsted acid sites.