共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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This study deals with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes for propane separation from propane/nitrogen mixtures, which is relevant to the recovery of propane in petroleum and chemical industry. The surface and cross-section morphology of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface morphology of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes is very dense. There are three layers, the thin dense top layer, finger-like porous middle layer and sponge-like under layer in the cross-section SEM image of PDMS/PVDF composite membranes. The effects of the types of cross-linking agents and pressure on the membrane permselectivity were investigated. The permeability of nitrogen was independent of feed pressure. However, the permeability of propane increased with the pressure increasing for all membranes. The membrane cured by a tri-functional crosslinker with attached vinyl groups had better performance than the tetra-functional one, in both selectivity and permeation flux. The total permeation flux is 1.769× 10-2 cm3(STP)/(cm2·s) and the separation factor is 19.17 when the mole percent of propane in the gas mixture is 10 at the 0.2 MPa pressure difference and 25°C. 相似文献
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Jian-hua Cao~a Bao-ku Zhu~b Dan-ying Zuo~b You-yi Xu~ 《高分子科学》2008,(1):13-21
Microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)membranes following supercritical CO_2 induced phase separation process were prepared using four solvents.The solid electrolytes of PVDF-HFP were formed by microporous PVDF-HFP membranes filled and swollen by a liquid electrolyte.The effect of the solvents on the morphology and structure,electrolyte absorptions and lithium ionic conductivity of the activated membranes were investigated.It was approved that all the membrane had the simi... 相似文献
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<正> 将高分子膜用于气体分离已越来越受到人们的重视.在特定条件下,用等离子体聚合可形成高分子超薄膜,它有高度交联结构,表面平整、致密、无针孔.因此,将它用于气体分离是有希望的.本工作用八甲基环四硅氧烷(简称D_4)作单体,进行等离子体聚合,沉积在聚丙烯多孔底膜上,得到D_4等离子体聚合物复合膜.研究表明,该膜有较好的气体透过性能,其氧气透过速率Jo_2为0.5—2×10~(-5)cm~3(STP)/cm~2·sec·cmHg,氧氮分离系数。αo/N为3.3—3.8,远远高于用经典方法制得的聚有机硅氧烷膜的αo/N2.0. 相似文献
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Thin-film zeolite-filled silicone/PVDF composite membranes were fabricated by incorporating zeolite particles into PDMS(poly(dimethylsiloxane)) membranes.The morphology of zeolite particles and zeolite filled silicone composite membranes were characterized by SEM.The zeolite-filled PDMS/PVDF composite membranes were applied for the pervaporation of ethanol/water mixtures and showed higher flux compared with that reported in literatures.The effect of zeolite loading and Si/Al ratio of zeolite particles on... 相似文献
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THE INFLUENCE OF PEG MOLECULAR WEIGHT ON MORPHOLOGIES AND PROPERTIES OF PVDF ASYMMETRIC MEMBRANES 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The preparation and properties of asymmetric poly(vinyldiene fluoride)(PVDF)membranes are described in this study.Membranes were prepared from a casting solution of PVDF,N,N-dimethylacetamide(DMAc)solvent and water- soluble poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)additives by immersing them in water as coagulant medium.Experiments showed that when PEG molecular weight increased,the changes in the resultant membranes' morphologies and properties showed a transition point at PEG6000.This indicated that PEG with a relati... 相似文献
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以草酸为催化剂将糠醇单体直接聚合成所需黏度的聚糠醇液体作为涂膜液,仅需一步涂覆便可在价格低廉的煤基炭管支撑体上制备出高性能的聚糠醇炭分子筛膜.聚糠醇炭分子筛膜的热解过程、微观形貌和分离性能分别采用热重分析、扫描电镜以及O2、N2渗透实验进行表征.实验结果表明制备出的聚糠醇炭分子筛膜表面均匀且无缺陷.聚糠醇在热解过程中最终转化成具有超微孔的乱层石墨微晶结构.热解温度升高导致了起分离作用的有效超微孔尺寸的减小,进而表现出O2、N2的渗透速率逐渐降低,O2/N2的选择性逐渐增大的趋势.不同热解温度下制备的炭分子筛膜的O2渗透性和O2/N2选择性之间关系均超出了传统聚合物膜的Robeson上限. 相似文献
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Pervaporation separation of water-acetic acid mixtures through Poly (AN-co-AA)membranes and rare earth metal ions treated Poly(AN-co-AA)membranes was investigatedfor the first time. The results showed that the treatment with rare earth metal ions couldgreatly improve the characteristics of the separation of water-acetic acid mixtures. 相似文献
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BoMenga Nai-taoYang Xiao-yaoTan Bao-yanZhang 《高分子科学》2005,(1):75-82
Microporous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fibre membranes were spun using the dry-wet phase inversion method. By means of dip-coating technique, a uniform coating with thickness of around 5-12μm of polyvinyl dimethylsiloxane (PVDMS) was formed on the surface of porous PVDF hollow fibers. The structural parameters of PVDF substrate membrane were estimated by gas permeation test. Using N2/O2 as the medium, the separation properties of PVDMS-PVDF composite hollow fiber membranes were also evaluated experimentally. The experimental data of both permeability and selectivity are in good agreement with the theoretical results predicted by the presented pore-distribution model, in order to obtain the compact composite membrane free of defects by the dip-coating technique, the thickness of PVDMS skin must be higher than 5μm. 相似文献
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制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚丙烯睛(PAN)渗透汽化复合膜,研究了交联剂用量、底膜结构、进料液组成、操作温度等因素对膜的渗透汽化性能的影响.发现PVA/PAN复合膜对水/醇混合液表现为水优先透过,进料液中乙醇浓度在60~99wt%的范围内,渗透通量Jt与温度之间符合Arrhenius关系,选择分离系数αW/E也随温度上升而增大.进料液为95wt%的乙醇/水混合液时,75℃下Jt高达300~450g/m2h,αW/E为800~1100.对异丙醇/水、异丁醇/水及甘油/水混合体系,复合膜显示出更为优秀的透过、分离性能.就膜的化学、物理结构与其渗透汽化性能间的关系进行了讨论. 相似文献
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Dar-Jong Lin 《European Polymer Journal》2006,42(7):1581-1594
The phase equilibrium boundaries of the membrane forming system, water/triethyl phosphate (TEP)/PVDF, at 25 °C were determined experimentally using cloud-point and equilibrium absorption methods. Based on the phase diagram, appropriate dope and bath compositions were selected to prepare microporous membranes by means of the isothermal immersion-precipitation technique. As a metastable casting dope with respect to crystallization was adopted, the formed membranes exhibited a uniform cross-section composed of interlocked crystal elements coexisting with the network of continuous pores, as was revealed by high resolution FESEM imaging. Morphologies of the membranes’ top surfaces were found to depend heavily on the bath strength, which was controlled by the TEP content. By changing the bath gradually from pure water to 70% TEP, the top surface evolved from a dense skin (asymmetric membrane) to a totally porous morphology (symmetric membrane). Wide angle X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that PVDF crystallized into α-type structure for all of the synthesized membranes. The crystallinity as determined from diffraction peak deconvolution was ≈65%, which value was confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The obtained thermograms also showed a similar melting peak temperature (Tm ≈ 169 °C) for all membranes. Furthermore, water fluxes and tensile strengths of the membranes were measured. The results were found to correlate with the morphologies of the membranes. 相似文献
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以静电纺丝技术制备的同轴聚甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯(PSMA)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)纳米储能纤维为支撑层,经聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)涂覆成膜和溶剂化处理,制备了一种低压高水通量的纳米储能纤维复合过滤膜(NFCM),其中以水或乙醇为凝固溶液的复合过滤膜分别记为NFCM@H2O或NFCM@EtOH.分析并讨论了不同溶剂处理方式对NFCM力学性能和表面形貌的影响,表征了膜的纯水通量和抗污性能,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了膜的横断面形貌.结果表明,PSMA/PET纳米储能纤维具有明显的吸放热行为,熔融温度和热焓值分别为36.5℃和10.7J/g,NFCM的熔融温度和热焓值分别为36℃和2.7J/g.NFCM的形貌结构、纯水通量和截留率与溶剂处理方式相关,NFCM@EtOH膜的水通量介于100~1400L/(m2·h)之间,而NFCM@H2O膜的水通量仅在40~220L/(m2·h)之间.NFCM的拉伸强度由初始0.925MPa(PVDF)提高到4.28MPa以上.NFCM中的相变材料对膜过滤性能有重要影响,并在过滤温度低于50℃时具有减缓作用. 相似文献
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使用四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAH)液相本体改性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)接枝到改性PVDF骨架上,合成聚偏氟乙烯接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PVDF-gPMMA)共聚物,通过浸没沉淀法制备PVDF-g-PMMA亲水性油水分离膜.通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和过滤试验分析了膜的结构和性能.同时研究了TEAH浓度和改性时间对PVDF-g-PMMA膜表面接触角的影响.结果表明,TEAH使PVDF脱去HF产生碳碳双键且MMA成功接枝到改性的PVDF骨架上,膜内外孔隙分布均匀;PVDF-g-PMMA膜的接触角随着TEAH浓度的增加、改性时间的加长而减小.TEAH浓度为2.0 wt%,改性20 min制备的PVDF-g-PMMA膜,接枝率为27.1%,孔隙度为71.6%,平均孔径为78.9 nm,接触角降至55.9°,且在50 s内降为0;纯水通量提高到665.34 L/(m2·h),截留率和水通量恢复率分别达到95.6%和90.1%.与纯PVDF膜相比,PVDF-g-PMMA膜的分离性能显著提高. 相似文献
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两亲性梳状聚醚硅氧烷对相转化法聚偏氟乙烯多孔膜的共混改性作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以聚醚链段为侧链的两亲性梳状聚醚硅氧烷(ACPS)为改性剂,研究了相转化法制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)多孔膜的改性效果与机理.采用SEM、XPS、接触角、水通量等考察了ACPS对膜结构与性能的影响.研究发现,ACPS在相转化成膜过程中不流失,随着制膜液中ACPS含量的增加,相分离速度降低,膜中微孔由指状结构向蜂窝状结构发展,膜强度提高,亲水性显著提高.提出了ACPS在膜表面的富集现象和在膜中的稳定性机理和模型.结果表明,两亲性梳状聚醚硅氧烷在原理上是一类适合于相转化法制备聚合物微孔膜表面亲水化改性的有效物质. 相似文献
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