二极管泵浦Nd:YAG棒双通放大器技术

二极管泵浦NdYAG棒双通放大器采用两个峰值功率6.5 kW激光泵浦模块作为泵浦源.每个激光泵浦模块由81个二极管激光器组成,NdYAG棒直径为6 mm,Nd掺杂质量分数1%.在两个封装方式和结构一致的激光泵浦模块之间采用光学像传递和插入90°石英旋转片进行退偏补偿.在重复频率400 Hz,谐振腔输出单脉冲能量6 mJ时,双通输出400 mJ,激光器光-光转换效率为12.3%,光束质量4.6,脉宽15 ns.     

近红外KTP单共振光参量振荡器

本文报道了角度调谐KTP单共振参量振荡器(SRO)的实验结果,并对结果进行了分析讨论.采用调QNd:YAG激光的二次谐波作为泵浦源.受腔镜涂膜带宽的限制,调谐范围为785～1010nm.最大的参量光脉冲能量为2.4mJ.最大的能量转换效率为26.3%.     

添加剂对铝/冰基燃料燃烧特性的影响

运用多种实验技术研究了空气条件下不同添加剂(Mg、AP和NaF)对铝/冰基燃料燃烧特性的影响。研究结果表明,添加Mg或AP有利于凝聚相反应区厚度的降低,燃速的提高和气相火焰温度以及燃面温度的升高。比较这三种添加剂可以发现,添加AP的铝/冰基燃料的燃烧效率最高,铝粉氧化程度最为充分,而添加Mg未能提高铝粉的氧化程度。添加NaF完全抑制了铝/冰基燃料能量的释放,燃速大幅度降低且气相火焰变得较温和,同时大大降低了燃料的氧化程度。     

532 nm激光泵浦硝酸钡晶体产生外腔拉曼激光

 由于硝酸钡晶体具有很强的对称振动(频率1 047 cm^-1)和较高的拉曼增益,可以用来产生受激拉曼激光。采用单端泵浦的外置拉曼振荡腔与双棱镜分光装置进行了硝酸钡晶体拉曼激光实验,泵浦源为倍频Nd: YAG的532 nm激光,硝酸钡晶体通过水溶液降温法生长,尺寸为10 mm×10 mm×48 mm,采用特殊镀膜的腔镜对各阶斯托克斯光进行优化选择。在泵浦源达到65 mJ时,获得21 mJ一阶斯托克斯光,输出波长为563 nm,以及16 mJ的二阶斯托克斯光,输出波长为599 nm,受激拉曼散射SRS最大的整体转换效率（包含一阶、二阶斯托克斯光之和）为56.3%。     

二极管泵浦Nd:YAG板条双通放大器技术研究

对二极管泵浦NdYAG板条双通放大器进行了理论设计和数值计算.在注入能量1 mJ,小信号增益为0.23 cm-1时理论计算结果为双通放大器输出能量为229.8 mJ.实验在10 Hz时获得单脉冲输出能量216 mJ;400 Hz时获得单脉冲输出能量203.4 mJ,光束质量因子小于5,激光脉宽为16.9 ns.实验结果与理论计算基本吻合.用相位共轭镜取代0°全反镜,超高斯镜取代振荡级输出镜,并采用镜面均匀的光学器件可以改善光束质量及光斑均匀性.     

泵浦光强起伏对SBS反射率的影响

 在忽略介质吸收和其它非线性效应的假设条件下，从理论上分析了泵浦光强起伏对受激布里渊散射反射率的影响。当泵浦光强为阈值光强的1.9倍时，反射率的稳定性接近泵浦光的稳定性，当泵浦光强大于阈值光强1.9倍时，反射率的稳定性优于泵浦光的稳定性。当泵浦光强大于阈值光强5倍时，反射率的统计起伏小于泵浦光强起伏的2.4%。     

200mJ光泵浦氨气太赫兹激光器北大核心CSCD

利用光栅选支调谐的TEA CO2激光器作为泵浦源设计了高能量脉冲光泵浦太赫兹激光器。太赫兹激光谐振腔由2m长的石英玻璃管、GaAs泵浦光输入窗和SiO2太赫兹光输出窗组成,氨气充入谐振腔内作为增益介质。太赫兹激光的波长由自主设计的金属线栅F-P干涉仪测量。实验中在多个波长处都获得了强烈的太赫兹光输出,其中151.5μm太赫兹光的输出脉冲能量高达204mJ,对应的泵浦光能量为32J。最后,还给出了利用151.5μm太赫兹光进行透视成像的实验结果。     

环形腔2.05μm单谐振KTP晶体光参量振荡器研究

针对大气CO_2浓度探测差分吸收激光雷达的应用需求,采用稳定环形腔和模式匹配设计,搭建了一套单纵模1 064nm激光泵浦的单谐振KTP晶体光参量振荡器,获得高斜率转换效率、基横模的2.05μm波长纳秒激光脉冲输出.在8字形环形行波稳定腔中,将2块II类相位匹配KTP晶体以走离补偿方式放置,在20Hz重复频率下,当泵浦单脉冲能量达到11mJ时,获得了单脉冲能量为2.4mJ的2.05μm信号光输出,脉宽约24ns,斜率效率达到53%.2.05μm信号光光束质量因子在x、y方向分别为1.3和1.2.     

单纵模Nd:YAG激光泵浦H2气中的受激喇曼散射

用单纵模Nd:YAG激光(波长1.06μm,脉宽9ns,线宽0.003cm-1)泵浦氢气中的受激喇曼散射,产生很强的后向一级斯托克斯.当泵浦能量为120mJ,压力为1.5MPaH2时,后向和前向喇曼的光子转化效率分别为66%和15%,而在4MPa时两个数值分别为46%和39%.由于后向喇曼与前向喇曼和泵浦光的传播方向相反,二者的相互竞争产生了张弛振荡,使得后向和前向喇曼的时间波形都分裂为两个峰,后向喇曼的两个峰都被压窄到1ns,使峰值功率达到了泵浦光功率的二倍,这在前向喇曼是不可能的.而且后向喇曼的光束质量要大大优于泵浦光和前向喇曼的光束质量,在4MPaH2和脉冲重复频率为10Hz时,喇曼过程的放热使前向喇曼的光束质量变坏,但对后向喇曼的光束质量影响不大.计算表明,该实验条件下受激喇曼过程没有达到稳态,所有实验结果都可以而且只能用相关的瞬态受激喇曼理论解释.     

泵浦光束质量对受激拉曼散射的影响

主要讨论泵浦光束质量对低气压拉曼种子源特性的影响。文中给出了一阶斯托克斯光泵浦阈值、输出能量和光束质量的实验数据。用Ｍ＾２因子分析了泵浦光和一阶斯托克斯光的光束质量。根据考虑泵浦聚焦和泵浦光束质量影响的近似拉曼散射理论计算了泵浦阈值的理论曲线，并与实验数据和有关文献进行了比较。     

Radioluminescence of Lu2O3:Eu nanocrystalline powder and vacuum-sintered ceramic

Nanocrystalline powders of Lu₂O₃:Eu with the activator content varying in the range of 0.2–10% were prepared through a combustion technique. The powders were only slightly agglomerated and the size of crystallites were about 30 nm. Some of the powders were co-doped with Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, La of various concentrations. Such powders were cold-pressed and sintered at 1750°C for 5 h in vacuum. X-ray-excited luminescence spectra of both the powders and the sintered ceramics were recorded and the efficiency was compared to the commercial standard Gd₂O₂S:Pr,Ce,F X-ray phosphor. It was found that the nanocrystalline powders of Lu₂O₃:Eu,Ca emit photons four-times less than the commercial micron-sized Gd₂O₂S:Pr,Ce,F powder. In the case of sintered materials the emission efficiency from our Lu₂O₃:Eu5%, Ca was roughly equal to the efficiency of the commercial-sintered Gd₂O₂S:Pr,Ce,F. The co-doping ions were shown to have various effects on the transparency of the sintered Lu₂O₃:Eu. Mg hindered the sintering process producing completely opaque pellets. Other ions facilitated the sintering course and the best results were obtained by co-doping the samples with 0.5% of Ba. Sr and La also significantly stimulated the sintering and the final pellets were only slightly cloudy.     

Mg粉粒度对MgB2超导体宏观特征和显微结构的影响

研究了Mg粉粒度对MgB2超导体宏观特征和显微结构的影响规律。将不同粒度的Mg粉和B粉分别按1.03∶2的比例混合、压制成型后,在流通高纯氩气的条件下于800℃烧结1h,制备出MgB2块材。利用阿基米德方法、X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等分别测试样品的密度、物相组成和显微结构等。结果表明,Mg粉粒度对MgB2超导体的物相组成没有影响;随着Mg粉粒度的增加,MgB2超导体的最大气孔尺寸、质量损失率、体积膨胀系数都逐渐增大,但其密度逐渐降低。     

超高速碰撞2A12铝板产生的热辐射演化特征实验研究

为研究超高速碰撞2A12铝板产生的热辐射演化特征,构建了超高速碰撞产生热辐射的测量系统。采用实验测量与理论计算相结合的方法,得到了相近碰撞速度(约3 km/s)、不同弹丸入射角度(弹道与靶板平面的夹角)下的闪光辐射强度、闪光辐射温度、光谱辐射能量、辐射源面积及发光效率的演化过程。结果表明:闪光辐射强度、闪光辐射温度及光谱辐射能量均呈现急剧上升后缓慢衰减的特征,并且随着弹丸入射角度的增加而减小;在闪光辐射温度达到峰值后辐射源面积继续上升;弹丸入射角度越小发光效率越高,实验中发光效率数量级为10~(-5)。     

超高速碰撞2A12铝板产生闪光辐射的空间演化规律

为了描述超高速碰撞2A12铝板产生闪光辐射的空间演化规律,利用瞬态光纤高温计测量系统并结合二级轻气炮加载系统,开展了弹丸以30°的入射角度和不同碰撞速度条件下的超高速撞击实验。基于闪光辐射强度和辐射温度的实验数据处理得到了超高速碰撞2A12铝板在撞击点附近产生的最大闪光辐射强度和最大闪光辐射温度,基于大量实验,建立了撞击点附近最大闪光辐射的空间演化模型。并结合Origin软件对实验所得数据的拟合,得到了最大闪光辐射强度和辐射温度随探测点到着靶点间距离变化的拟合函数关系式。实验结果还表明:在相近碰撞速度、相同碰撞角度条件下,在同一椭球面上不同探测点位置处的最大闪光辐射强度和最大闪光温度差别不大,验证了撞击产生的闪光辐射以近似椭球的形状向外膨胀,随着等离子体云的向外膨胀,离碰撞点越远产生的最大闪光辐射强度和最大闪光辐射温度均越小;在相同碰撞角度、不同碰撞速度条件下,在同一椭球面上不同探测点位置处的最大闪光辐射强度和最大闪光温度均随碰撞速度的增加而增大。该研究在导弹拦截、天体物理及深空探测领域具有重要的应用价值。     

Statistical model for combustion of high-metal magnesium-based hydro-reactive fuel

<正>We investigate experimentally and analytically the combustion behavior of a high-metal magnesium-based hydroreactive fuel under high temperature gaseous atmosphere.The fuel studied in this paper contains 73%magnesium powders.An experimental system is designed and experiments are carried out in both argon and water vapor atmospheres. It is found that the burning surface temperature of the fuel is higher in water vapor than that in argon and both of them are higher than the melting point of magnesium,which indicates the molten state of magnesium particles in the burning surface of the fuel.Based on physical considerations and experimental results,a mathematical one-dimensional model is formulated to describe the combustion behavior of the high-metal magnesium-based hydro-reactive fuel.The model enables the evaluation of the burning surface temperature,the burning rate and the flame standoff distance each as a function of chamber pressure and water vapor concentration.The results predicted by the model show that the burning rate and the surface temperature increase when the chamber pressure and the water vapor concentration increase,which are in agreement with the observed experimental trends.     

Combustion of alane and aluminum with water for hydrogen and thermal energy generation

The combustion of alane and aluminum with water in its frozen state has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Both nano and micron-sized particles are considered over a broad range of pressure. The linear burning rate and chemical efficiency are obtained using a constant-pressure strand burner and constant-volume cell, respectively. The effect of replacing nano-Al particles by micron-sized Al and alane particles are examined systematically with the additive mass fraction up to 25%. The equivalence ratio is fixed at 0.943. The pressure dependence of the burning rate follows the power law, r_b = aPⁿ, with n ranging from 0.41 to 0.51 for all the materials considered. The burning rate decreases with increasing alane concentration, whereas it remains approximately constant with cases containing only Al particles. The chemical efficiency ranged from 32% to 83%, depending on the mixture composition and pressure. Thermo-chemical analyses are conducted to provide insight into underlying causes of the decreased burning rate of the alanized compositions. A theoretical model is also developed to explore the detailed flame structure and burning properties. Reasonably good agreement is achieved with experimental observations.     

Effect of void size and Mg contents on plastic deformation behaviors of Al-Mg alloy with pre-existing void: Molecular dynamics study

The plastic deformation properties of cylindrical pre-void aluminum-magnesium (Al-Mg) alloy under uniaxial tension are explored using molecular dynamics simulations with embedded atom method (EAM) potential. The factors of Mg content, void size, and temperature are considered. The results show that the void fraction decreases with increasing Mg in the plastic deformation, and it is almost independent of Mg content when Mg is beyond 5%. Both Mg contents and stacking faults around the void affect the void growth. These phenomena are explained by the dislocation density of the sample and stacking faults distribution around the void. The variation trends of yield stress caused by void size are in good agreement with the Lubarda model. Moreover, temperature effects are explored, the yield stress and Young's modulus obviously decrease with temperature. Our results may enrich and facilitate the understanding of the plastic mechanism of Al-Mg with defects or other alloys.     

聚光太阳能PV/T空气集热器能量和(火用)效率分析

文中建立了带有散热翅片的复合抛物面聚光太阳能PV/T空气集热器内部传热过程的一维稳态数学模型,对传热过程进行了数值模拟,对集热器热、电、(火用)和净电效率进行了计算.分析了空气质量流量、入射光强度、风速对集热器的空气温度及系统各效率的影响.结果表明:随着入射光强度的增加,空气进出口温差、热和(火用)效率是增大的,而电效率则有所降低.随着空气流量的增加,系统的净电效率和进出口温度差是降低的.通过计算可知集热器的(火用)效率在18%～11%,热效率可达65%,净电效率低于2%,并明显受空气质量流速的影响.     

The effects of SiO2 and TiO2 on the two-phase burning behavior of aqueous HAN propellant

Silica and titania nanoparticles were included at mass loadings of 1% and 3% in aqueous HAN propellants to evaluate their effects on liquid- and gas-phase decomposition and combustion. Both the liquid-phase and overall burning rates of propellant formulations were indirectly measured in a constant-volume strand burner filled with Argon from pressures of 3–22?MPa using a novel, pressure-based method developed by the authors in recent work. This approach provides overall burn times for propellants such as aqueous HAN which continue to burn beyond the disappearance of the liquid, making it superior to methods based solely on visual observation which only monitor the liquid surface regression. The presence of silica nanoparticles increased the liquid-phase burning rate in the low- and medium-pressure regimes (<10?MPa) and increased the overall burning rate at all pressures evaluated. The maximum amount of burning rate enhancement was realized at the lowest evaluated pressure (3?MPa) which corresponded to 80% and 670% increases in the liquid-phase and overall burning rates, respectively, for a silica loading of 1%, and 160% and 830% increases in the liquid-phase and overall burning rates, respectively, for a silica loading of 3%. The presence of titania did not measurably affect the liquid-phase burning rate, but it did increase the overall burning rate in the low-pressure regime (<5.7?MPa). This low-pressure overall burning rate enhancement was not amplified by further titania loading from 1% to 3% and was maximized at the lowest evaluated pressure (3?MPa) which corresponded to a 500% increase in the overall burning rate. The observed enhancements of the propellant's liquid-phase and overall burning rates were attributed to the presence of catalytic processes which diminish at higher pressures. This work represents the first time nanoparticle additives have been utilized to tailor the combustion of liquid HAN-based monopropellants.     

Mixing Si and carbon nanotubes by a method of ball-milling and its application to pyrotechnic delay composition

The original delay composition cannot ensure the reliability and safety of the ammunition under complicated environment, for example low precision of burning rate at high density charge. Carbon nanotubes are added into the delay composition for the first time. Si and CNTs were mixed by the ball-milling method. Particle size analysis showed that particle size exponential declined with increase in milling time. TEM showed that individual nanotubes were dispersed in silicon powder after 48 h of milling, and then they did not appear damaged. Optimum conditions of preparing Si/CNTs were found to be: milling time 48 h, milling intensity 300 rpm, CNTs-to-Si weight ratio=1:10 and ball-to-powder weight ratio=150:1. Then Si/CNTs were applied to fuel agent of delay composition. We studied the burning rate of Pb₃O₄/Si and Pb₃O₄/CNTs/Si delay composition with flaming velocity measurement. Results show that burning rate and delay precision of Pb₃O₄/CNTs/Si delay composition (5.85 mm/s and 1.03%) were higher than the ones of Pb₃O₄/Si delay composition (3.80 mm/s and 3.00%). Especially reliability of ignition is improved when charge density exceeds 6000 Kg/m³. It is proved that certain amount of CNTs added to delay composition can increase delay precision and further doing so achieved less temperature dependence.