Crystal Radii and Their Application on the Study of Electronic Structures of LaX(X=N,P,As,Sb)

以Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ－ＶａｎＶｅｃｈｔｅｎ理论和晶体光学性质为基础，计算了ＬａＸ（Ｘ＝Ｎ，Ｐ，Ａｓ，Ｓｂ）晶体的离子半径（单位：ｎｍ）：（Ｌａ：Ｎ）为（０．１４１４，０．１２３６），（Ｌａ：Ｐ）为（０．１５１８，０．１４８９），（Ｌａ：Ａｓ）为（０．１５３６，０．１５２６），（Ｌａ：Ｓｂ）为（０．１５８６，０．１６５１）．用ＬＭＴＯ－ＡＳＡ方法对ＬａＸ系列晶体的能带结构进行了计算．所得到的能隙是：ＬａＮ为２．３０ｅＶ，ＬａＰ为２．０５ｅＶ，ＬａＡｓ为１．６６ｅＶ，ＬａＳｂ为１．３４ｅＶ．与实验结果相符．这也证明了作者得到的半径的合理性．     

NdCl3-FeCl3-石墨层间化合物的XPS研究

通过熔盐交换法合成了ＮｄＣｌ３－ＦｅＣｌ３－ＧＩＣ,采用Ｘ射线电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）分析插入剂在石墨层间的存在形式,并测定了试样中Ｎｄ,Ｆｅ,Ｃｌ和Ｃ的相对含量。ＮｄＣｌ３－ＦｅＣｌ３－ＧＩＣ中Ｆｅ２ｐ的结合能为７１１．２０－７１０．３ｅＶ,Ｎｄ３ｄ的结合能为９８３．２０－９８３．０８ｅＶ,并发现Ｆｅ在石墨层ｅ＾３＋,Ｆｅ＾２＋形式存在。     

影响混合酸中各组分含量测定的因素及条件

作者曾提出，两种一元弱酸混合酸以及强酸与一元弱酸混合酸中，第一终点ｐＨ〉３．７的情况下，测定各组分酸含量的方法。在此基础上，本文在理论上推导出第一终点ｐＨ值测量误差ΔｐＨ与分析结果的误差ΔＶｅ２／Ｖｅ＾Ｔ之间的关系式，从而明确了影响误差的因素，并提出误差ΔＶｅ２／Ｖｅ＾Ｔ≤１．０％时的测定条件以及第一终点ｐＨ〈３．７时的测定方法。实验结果表明，如果能满足本文提出的条件，可以获得满意的结果。     

空气－C_2H_2火焰原子吸收光谱法测定中草药（鸦胆子、补骨脂）中的铁、锰

用空气－Ｃ２Ｈ２火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了中草药（鸦胆子、补骨脂）中的Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ含量，讨论了测定条件，结果令人满意，方法的回收率：Ｆｅ９８．２０％～１０４．９％，ＣＶ＝１．０６％～１．０７％，Ｍｎ９９．４％～１０１％，ＣＶ＝０．５２％～１．９４％。     

超大孔Fe和V－Ti分子筛的合成

水热法合成了具有超大孔ＭＣＭ－４１分子筛结构的含Ｐｅ和Ｖ－Ｔｉ分子筛，通过ＸＲＤ、骨架ＩＲ、ＥＳＲ、￣（２９）ＳｉＭＡＳＮＭＲ、紫外漫反射等测试表征证实，Ｆｅ原子在ＦｅＭＣＭ－４１分子筛骨架上，Ｖ和Ｔｉ同时进入Ｖ－ＴｉＭＣＭ－４１分子筛骨架。ＦｅＭＣＭ－４１的骨架红外谱除Ｆｅ分子筛的特征吸收峰６６０ｃｍ￣（－１）外，还显示９６０ｃｍ￣（－１）峰，ＥＳＲ谱出现高对称八面体环境Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）信号（ｇ＝２．０）和扭曲四面体环境Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）信号（ｇ＝４．２），而Ｖ－ＴｉＭＣＭ－４１的骨架红外９６０ｃｍ￣（－１）峰强度分别随分子筛中钛或钒的含量线性增强。约在ｇ＝１．９８处出现的超精细结构ＥＳＲ信号表明Ｖ以分散的不流动的Ｖ￣（４＋）形式存在，化学分析结果表明骨架上Ｔｉ和Ｖ原子相互间不排斥。     

HBVDNA与抗HBcIgM在临床检测中的价值

采用地高辛标记探针以分子杂交的方法对８５１例血清进行ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的检测,采用ＥＬＩＳＡ的方法对相同标本检测了抗－ＨＢｃＩｇＭ、ＨＢＶ二对半、抗－ＨＡＶＩｇＭ、抗－ＨＣＶ及抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＭ,发现ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性检出率与ＨＢｅＡｇ出现相关,且ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性的标本中仍有１０．２５％（４９／４７８）ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性,说明仅以ＨＢｅＡｇ出现与否判定是否存在ＨＢＶ的复制是不可靠的。同时,还发现ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的出现与肝炎类型无关。抗－ＨＢｃＩｇＭ阳性率则与ＨＢｅＡｇ的出现无关,而与肝炎类型相关。     

空气—C2H2火焰原子吸收光谱法测定中草药（鸦胆子,补骨脂）中…

用空气－Ｃ２Ｈ２火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了中草药中的Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ含量，讨论了测定条件，结果令人满意，方法的回收率：Ｆｅ９８．２０％－１０４．９％，ＣＶ１．０６％－１．０７％，Ｍｎ９９．４％－１０１％，ＣＶ＝０．５２％－１．９４％。     

HBVDNA与抗BHcIgM在临床检测中的价值

采用地高辛标记探针以分子杂交的方法对８５１例血清进行ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的检测,采用ＥＬＩＳＡ的方法对相同标本检测了抗－ＨＢｃＩｇＭ、ＨＢＶ二对半、抗－ＨＡＶＩｇＭ、抗－ＨＣＶ及抗－ＨＥＶ ＩｇＭ,发现ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性检出率与ＨＢｅＡｇ出现相关,且ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性的标本中仍有１０．２５％（４９／４７８）ＨＢ－ＶＤＮＡ阳性,说明仅以ＨＢｅＡｇ出现与否判定是否存在ＨＢＶ的复制是不可靠的。同时,还发现ＨＢＶＤＡＮ     

纳米尺度TiO2／聚吡咯多孔膜电极光电化学研究

用光电流作用谱，光电流－电势图和ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光说研究了ＴｉＯ２／聚吡咯多孔膜电极在不含氧化还原对和含不同氧化还原体系电解质溶液中的光电转换过程。ＴｉＯ２／聚吡咯多孔膜电极双层ｎ型半导体结构，内层ＴｉＯ２多孔膜的禁带宽度为３．２６ｅＶ，外层聚吡咯膜的禁带宽度为２．２ｅＶ。     

锆表面氧化膜的光电化学研究

用光电化学方法研究了金属锆的表面初始氧化膜和线性电势扫描形成阳极氧化膜．光电流作用谱上的阳极和阴极光电流取决于电极电势,而与成膜和测量溶液基本无关．光电流作用谱和瞬态光电流响应说明锆表面氧化膜为双层结构,内层为ＺｒＯ＿２外层为ＺｒＯ＿２·（Ｈ＿２Ｏ）＿ｎ．光电流可以来自内、外层的光生载流子和基底金属的内光注入电子迁移至电极／溶液界面与溶液中的氧化还原对反应,光电流作用谱的分析给出了三个过程的光学间能值,分别为４．５ｅＶ、３．０ｅＶ和２．０ｅＶ．     

Fe元素及点缺陷对焦炭表面NH_3异相吸附的影响:密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论,并使用具有周期性边界条件的石墨烯模型近似模拟焦炭表面,研究了Fe原子修饰及点缺陷对NH_3在焦炭表面异相吸附的影响。计算结果表明,NH_3分子在点缺陷石墨烯表面的吸附属于物理吸附,结合能为-0.381 e V;NH_3分子吸附在Fe修饰的完整石墨烯表面属于化学吸附,吸附能为-1.442 eV; Fe原子修饰及点缺陷单独存在下NH_3的吸附能均大于NH_3在完整石墨烯表面的吸附(吸附能为-0.190 eV)。此外,Fe原子修饰与点缺陷共存对NH_3的吸附具有协同作用,结合能达到-3.538 eV,明显大于两者单独存在下NH_3的吸附能之和,综合分析Mulliken布居数与态密度,Fe原子与石墨烯表面、NH_3分子之间有更多地电荷转移,可以解释两者共存对NH_3吸附协同促进的原因。     

Density functional study of the interaction between small Au clusters, Au(n) (n=1-7) and the rutile TiO2 surface. II. Adsorption on a partially reduced surface

We use density functional theory to examine the electronic structure of small Au(n) (n=1-7) clusters, supported on a rutile TiO(2)(110) surface having oxygen vacancies on the surface (a partially reduced surface). Except for the monomer, the binding energy of all Au clusters to the partially reduced surface is larger by approximately 0.25 eV than the binding energy to a stoichiometric surface. The bonding site and the orientation of the cluster are controlled by the shape of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of the free cluster (free cluster means a gas-phase cluster with the same geometry as the supported one). The bond is strong when the lobes of the HOMOs overlap with those of the high-energy states of the clean oxide surface (i.e., with no gold) that have lobes on the bridging and the in-plane oxygen atoms. In other words, the cluster takes a shape and a location that optimizes the contact of its HOMOs with the oxygen atoms. Fivefold coordinated Ti atoms located at a defect site (5c-Ti(*)) participate in the binding only when a protruding lobe of the singly occupied molecular orbital (for odd n) or the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (for even n) of the free Au(n) cluster points toward a 5c-Ti(*) atom. The oxygen vacancy influences the binding energy of the clusters (except for Au(1)) only when they are in direct contact with the defect. The desorption energy and the total charge on clusters that are close to, but do not overlap with, the vacancy differ little from the values they have when the cluster is adsorbed on a stoichiometric surface. The behavior of Au(1) is rather remarkable. The atom prefers to bind directly to the vacancy site with a binding energy of 1.81 eV. However, it also makes a strong bond (1.21 eV) with any 5c-Ti atom even if that atom is far from the vacancy site. In contrast, the binding of a Au monomer to the 5c-Ti atom of a surface without vacancies is weak (0.45 eV). The presence of the vacancy activates the 5c-Ti atoms by populating states at the bottom of the conduction band. These states are delocalized and have lobes protruding out of the surface at the location of the 5c-Ti atoms. It is the overlap of these lobes with the highest orbital of the Au atom that is the major reason for the bonding to the 5c-Ti atom, no matter how far the latter is from the vacancy. The energy for breaking an adsorbed cluster into two adsorbed fragments is smaller than the kinetic energy of the mass-selected clusters deposited on the surface in experiments. However, this is not sufficient for breaking the cluster upon impact with the surface, since only a fraction of the available energy will go into the reaction coordinate for breakup.     

Effects of hydroxyl group on H2 dissociation on graphene: A density functional theory study

Graphene-based materials are promising for hydrogen production and storage. In this work, using density functional theory calculations, we explored how a hydroxyl group influences H₂ dissociation on graphene. Presence of the hydroxyl group makes the binding of H atom with graphene stronger, as the binding energy of H atom with the hydroxyl-modified graphene is higher than that with the pristine graphene. The para-site is the most favorable site for H₂ dissociation on both the pristine and hydroxyl-modified graphene. The energy barrier of H₂ dissociation at para-site on the pristine graphene is 3.10 eV whereas that on the hydroxyl-modified graphene is 2.46 eV, indicating a more facile H₂ dissociation on the hydroxyl-modified graphene.     

Pb_mTe_n(m+n≤6)团簇的结构与稳定性(英文)

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在SDD基组水平上对PbmTen(m+n≤6)团簇的几何结构、平均原子键能、离解能及HOMO-LUMO能隙进行了计算分析.结果表明:纯Pb团簇比纯Te团簇稳定,PbnTe比PbTen(n=2-5)稳定,PbnTe2比Pb2Ten(n=3-4)更加稳定;混合团簇PbmTen的HOMO-LUMO能隙在1.87-3.55eV之间,表明该团簇具有半导体性质;在所有团簇中,PbTe团簇最稳定.     

Weak metal-metal bonding in small manganese cluster ions, Mn(N)+ (N < or = 7)

The binding energies of manganese cluster ions Mn(N)+ (N = 5-7) were determined by the photodissociation experiments in the near-infrared and visible-photon-energy ranges. The bond dissociation energies of Mn(N)+, D0(Mn(N-1)+...Mn), were obtained to be 1.70+/-0.08, 1.04+/-0.10, and 1.46+/-0.11 eV, respectively, for N = 5, 6, and 7 from the threshold energies for the two-atom loss processes and the bond dissociation energies of Mn3(+) and Mn4(+) reported previously [A. Terasaki et al., J. Chem. Phys. 117, 7520 (2002)]. Correspondingly, binding energies per atom are obtained to be 0.99+/-0.03, 1.00+/-0.03, and 1.06+/-0.03 eV/at. for N = 5, 6, and 7, respectively. A gradual increase in the binding energy from N = 2 to N = 7 shows an increasing contribution of nonbonding 3d orbitals to the bonding via weak hybridization with valence 4s orbitals as the cluster size increases. These binding energies per atom are still much smaller than the bulk cohesive energy of manganese (2.92 eV/at.), and this finding indicates exceptionally weak metal-metal bonds in this size range.     

Core-level shifts and their relation to surface effects and dimensionality of a system

In the spirit of Jean-Louis Calais's endeavor to effectively combine the tools of quantum chemistry and solid-state physics to study the electronic structure of materials, Hartree-Fock calculations of core-level binding energy shifts in Li chains and Li slabs and their relation to surface effects, charge oscillations, and dimensionality of a system are presented. For the one-dimensional system the 1s binding energy oscillates regularly from the edge Li atom to the center, the 1s level of the edge atom being shifted to a larger binding energy. For two-dimensional Li slabs which model the (001) surface of Li, the 1s level of the top layer atom is found to have the largest binding energy, being ∼ 0.5 eV below the 1s levels of the other layers, and the binding energy is constantly decreasing from the surface to the bulk, independent of the charge population and without oscillations. Both Mulliken population analysis and charge difference plots indicate that the edge atom in the chain is positively charged, whereas the surface atoms in the slab are negatively charged. This shows that a positive or negative net valence population alone does not determine the direction of the shifts. The predicted core-level binding energy shifts should be observable with high-resolution synchroton measurements. The distinct differences predicted for core-level shifts for one- and two-dimensional systems can be used to characterize and probe the geometry of nanostructures. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

铜族金属与完整及氮掺杂石墨烯的相互作用

基于广义梯度密度泛函理论和周期平板模型,研究了铜族金属单原子和双原子簇与完整及氮掺杂石墨烯的结合情况.结果表明,氮掺杂后石墨烯的电子结构特性由半金属性变为金属性;铜族金属在完整及石墨型氮掺杂石墨烯上的吸附较弱,结合能约为0.5eV,而在吡啶型氮掺杂和吡咯型氮掺杂石墨烯上有较强的化学吸附,结合能一般大于1eV;吡咯型氮掺杂后的构型不稳定,金属原子及簇与包含该结构的石墨烯衬底作用时会使其向吡啶型氮掺杂转变,并最终得到基于吡啶型氮掺杂的稳定吸附构型.Mulliken电荷布居分析显示,吸附在吡啶型氮掺杂石墨烯上的金属单原子与金属双原子簇带电性质相反.态密度及轨道分析表明,Cu与吡啶型氮掺杂石墨烯空位处留有悬挂键的三个原子成键,而Au与其中两个C原子成键.     

Adsorption of hydrogen molecules on the platinum-doped boron nitride nanotubes

Adsorption of hydrogen molecules on platinum-doped single-walled zigzag (8,0) boron nitride (BN) nanotube is investigated using the density-functional theory. The Pt atom tends to occupy the axial bridge site of the BN tube with the highest binding energy of -0.91 eV. Upon Pt doping, several occupied and unoccupied impurity states are induced, which reduces the band gap of the pristine BN nanotube. Upon hydrogen adsorption on Pt-doped BN nanotube, the first hydrogen molecule can be chemically adsorbed on the Pt-doped BN nanotube without crossing any energy barrier, whereas the second hydrogen molecule has to overcome a small energy barrier of 0.019 eV. At least up to two hydrogen molecules can be chemically adsorbed on a single Pt atom supported by the BN nanotube, with the average adsorption energy of -0.365 eV. Upon hydrogen adsorption on a Pt-dimer-doped BN nanotube, the formation of the Pt dimer not only weakens the interaction between the Pt cluster and the BN nanotube but also reduces the average adsorption energy of hydrogen molecules. These calculation results can be useful in the assessment of metal-doped BN nanotubes as potential hydrogen storage media.     

Structural and electronic properties of Al12X+ (X=C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) clusters

Using the first-principles method with the generalized gradient approximation, the authors have studied the structural and electronic properties of Al(12)X(+) (X=C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) clusters in detail. The ground state of Al(12)C(+) is a low symmetry C(s) structure instead of an icosahedron. However, the Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb atom doped cationic clusters favor icosahedral structures. The ground states for Al(12)Si(+) and Al(12)Ge(+) are icosahedra, while the C(5nu) structures optimized from an icosahedron with a vertex capped by a tetravalent atom have the highest binding energy for Al(12)Sn(+) and Al(12)Pb(+) clusters. The I(h) structure and the C(5nu) structure are almost degenerate for Al(12)Ge(+), whose binding energy difference is only 0.03 eV. The electronic properties are altered much by removing an electron from the neutral cluster. The binding strength of a valence electron is enhanced, while the binding energy of the cluster is reduced much. Due to the open electronic shell, the band gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital are approximately 0.3 eV for the studied cationic clusters.     

载能碳离子撞击石墨烯中Stone-Wales缺陷的动力学研究

采用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了载能碳离子撞击石墨烯中Stone-Wales缺陷的动力学过程,计算了Stone-Wales缺陷中初级碰撞原子的离位阈能和载能碳离子使其移位的入射阈能,并与完美石墨烯结构计算结果进行对比。通过分析初级碰撞原子与入射离子动能和势能随时间的变化关系,研究了碰撞过程中能量转移过程。研究结果表明,初级碰撞原子产生离位并最终脱离石墨烯体系的最小能量为25.0 eV;当初始动能为23.0 eV时,Stone-Wales缺陷中2个七元环共用的碳-碳键旋转90°形成了完美的石墨烯结构;使Stone-Wales缺陷中初级碰撞原子发生离位的载能碳离子最小入射能为41.0 eV。