Spectral stability of the Robin Laplacian

We consider the Robin Laplacian in two bounded regions Ω₁ and Ω₂ of ℝ ^N with Lipschitz boundaries and such that Ω₂ ⊂ Ω₁, and we obtain two-sided estimates for the eigenvalues λ _n,2 of the Robin Laplacian in Ω₂ via the eigenvalues λ _{n, 1} of the Robin Laplacian in Ω₁. Our estimates depend on the measure of the set difference Ω\Ω₂ and on suitably defined characteristics of vicinity of the boundaries ∂Ω₁ and ∂Ω₂, and of the functions defined on ∂Ω₁ and on ∂Ω₂ that enter the Robin boundary conditions.     

Multiphasic Individual Growth Models in Random Environments

The evolution of the growth of an individual in a random environment can be described through stochastic differential equations of the form dY _t  = β(α − Y _t )dt + σdW _t , where Y _t  = h(X _t ), X _t is the size of the individual at age t, h is a strictly increasing continuously differentiable function, α = h(A), where A is the average asymptotic size, and β represents the rate of approach to maturity. The parameter σ measures the intensity of the effect of random fluctuations on growth and W _t is the standard Wiener process. We have previously applied this monophasic model, in which there is only one functional form describing the average dynamics of the complete growth curve, and studied the estimation issues. Here, we present the generalization of the above stochastic model to the multiphasic case, in which we consider that the growth coefficient β assumes different values for different phases of the animal’s life. For simplicity, we consider two phases with growth coefficients β ₁ and β ₂. Results and methods are illustrated using bovine growth data.     

On the Lefschetz periodic point free continuous self-maps on connected compact manifolds

We characterize the Lefschetz periodic point free self-continuous maps on the following connected compact manifolds: CPn the n-dimensional complex projective space, HPn the n-dimensional quaternion projective space, Sn the n-dimensional sphere and Sp×Sq the product space of the p-dimensional with the q-dimensional spheres.     

On relative widths of classes of differentiable functions. II

We obtain an upper bound for the least value of the factor M for which the Kolmogorov widths d _n (W _C ^r , C) are equal to the relative widths K _n (W _C ^r , MW _C ^j , C) of the class of functions W _C ^r with respect to the class MW _C ^j , provided that j > r. This estimate is also true in the case where the space L is considered instead of C.     

On the ε-entropy of classes of holomorphic functions

Suppose thatB _R ^d is a ball of radiusR in ℂ ^d and σ is the standard measure on the unit sphere in ℂ ^d . ForR>1, 1≤p≤∞, and for the natural numbersl, d, byH _R ⁰ (l, p, d) we denote the class of functionsf holomorphic inB _R ^d and such that in the homogeneous polynomial expansion of the firstl summands the zero and radial derivatives of orderl belong to the closed unit ball of the Hardy spaceH ^p (B _R ^d ). In this paper an asymptotic formula for the ε-entropy of the classH _R ⁰ (l, p, d) in the spacesL ^p (σ), 1≤p<∞, and is obtained. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 286–293, August, 2000.     

Doubly Transitive Automorphism Groups of Combinatorial Surfaces

   Abstract. The combinatorial surfaces with doubly transitive automorphism groups are classified. This is established by classifying the automorphism groups of combinatorial surfaces which act doubly transitively on the vertices of the surface. The doubly transitive automorphism groups of combinatorial surfaces are the symmetric group S ₄ , the alternating group A ₅ and the Frobenius group C ₇ · C ₆ . In each case the combinatorial surface is uniquely determined. The symmetric group S ₄ acts doubly transitively on the tetrahedron surface, the alternating group A ₅ on the triangulation of the projective plane with six vertices and the Frobenius group C ₇ · C ₆ on the Moebius torus with seven vertices.     

Two-Sample T 3 Plot: A Graphical Comparison of Two Distributions

Abstract

Consider two independent random variables x and y with means and standard deviations μ _x ,μ _y ,σ _x , and σ _y , respectively. Let F _x (t) = P[(x - μ, _x )/σ _x ≤ t] and F _y (t) = P[(y - μ _y )/σ _y ≤ t]. In this article we address the problem of testing the null hypothesis H ₀ : F _x ≡ F _y , against the alternative H ₁ : F _x ≡ F _y . A graphical tool called T ₃ plot for checking normality of independently and identically distributed univariate data was proposed in an earlier article by Ghosh. In the present article we develop a two-sample T ₃ plot where the basic statistic is the normalized difference between the T ₃ functions for the two samples. Significant departure of this difference function from the horizontal zero line is indicative of evidence against the null hypothesis. In contrast to the one-sample problem, the common distribution function under the null hypothesis is not specified in the two-sample case. Bootstrap is used to construct the acceptance region under H ₀, for the two-sample T ₃ plot.     

The 1:1 resonance in Hamiltonian systems

Two-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian systems with an elliptic equilibrium at the origin are characterised by the frequencies of the linearisation. Considering the frequencies as parameters, the system undergoes a bifurcation when the frequencies pass through a resonance. These bifurcations are well understood for most resonances $k:l$, but not the semisimple cases $1:1$ and $1:?1$. A two-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian system can be approximated to any order by an integrable normal form. The reason is that the normal form of a Hamiltonian system has an additional integral due to the normal form symmetry. The latter is intimately related to the ratio of the frequencies. For a rational frequency ratio this leads to $S^1$-symmetric systems. The question we wish to address is about the co-dimension of such a system in $1:1$ resonance with respect to left-right-equivalence, where the right action is $S^1$-equivariant. The result is a co-dimension five unfolding of the central singularity. Two of the unfolding parameters are moduli and the remaining non-modal parameters are the ones found in the linear unfolding of this system.     

Trace cocharacters and the Kronecker products of Schur functions

It follows from the theory of trace identities developed by Procesi and Razmyslov that the trace cocharacters arising from the trace identities of the algebra M_r(F) of r×r matrices over a field F of characteristic zero are given by TC_r,n=∑_λΛr(n)χ^λχ^λ where χ^λχ^λ denotes the Kronecker product of the irreducible characters of the symmetric group associated with the partition λ with itself and Λ_r(n) denotes the set of partitions of n with r or fewer parts, i.e. the set of partitions λ=(λ₁λ_k) with kr. We study the behavior of the sequence of trace cocharacters TC_r,n. In particular, we study the behavior of the coefficient of χ^(ν,n−m) in TC_r,n as a function of n where ν=(ν₁ν_k) is some fixed partition of m and n−mν_k. Our main result shows that such coefficients always grow as a polynomial in n of degree r−1.     

On the spectral function of the Poisson–Voronoi cells

Denote by (t)=∑_n1e^−λ_nt, t>0, the spectral function related to the Dirichlet Laplacian for the typical cell of a standard Poisson–Voronoi tessellation in . We show that the expectation E(t), t>0, is a functional of the convex hull of a standard d-dimensional Brownian bridge. This enables us to study the asymptotic behaviour of E(t), when t→0⁺,+∞. In particular, we prove that the law of the first eigenvalue λ₁ of satisfies the asymptotic relation lnP{λ₁t}−2^dω_dj_(d−2)/2^d·t^−d/2 when t→0⁺, where ω_d and j_(d−2)/2 are respectively the Lebesgue measure of the unit ball in and the first zero of the Bessel function J_(d−2)/2.     

The Galois groups of the polynomials Xn + aX1 + b

We give conditions under which the Galois group of the polynomial Xⁿ + aX¹ + b over the rational number field Q is isomorphic to the symmetric group S_n of degree n. Using the result, we prove the Williams-Uchiyama conjecture concerning the irreducibility of the polynomial Xⁿ + X + a modulo p.     

The moduli space of curves of genus two covering elliptic curves

We consider the moduli spaceS _n of curvesC of genus 2 with the property:C has a “maximal” mapf of degreen to an elliptic curveE. Here, the term “maximal” means that the mapf∶C→E doesn't factor over an unramified cover ofE. By Torelli mapS _n is viewed as a subset of the moduli spaceA ₂ of principally polarized abelian surfaces. On the other hand the Humbert surfaceH _Δ of invariant Δ is defined as a subvariety ofA ₂(C), the set of C-valued points ofA ₂. The purpose of this paper is to releaseS _n withH _Δ.     

Idempotent lattices, Renner monoids and cross section lattices of the special orthogonal algebraic monoids

Let MSO_n (n is even) be the special orthogonal algebraic monoid, T a maximal torus of the unit group, and the Zariski closure of T in the whole matrix monoid M_n. In this paper we explicitly determine the idempotent lattice , the Renner monoid , and the cross section lattice Λ of MSO_n in terms of the Weyl group and the concept of admissible sets (see Definition 3.1). It turns out that there is a one-to-one relationship between and the admissible subsets, and that is a submonoid of  , the Renner monoid M_n. Also Λ is a sublattice of Λ_n, the cross section lattice of M_n.     

Ergodic Theory and Maximal Abelian Subalgebras of the Hyperfinite Factor

Let T be a free ergodic measure-preserving action of an abelian group G on (X,μ). The crossed product algebra R_T=L^∞(X,μ)? G has two distinguished masas, the image C_T of L^∞(X,μ) and the algebra S_T generated by the image of G. We conjecture that conjugacy of the singular masas S_T⁽¹⁾ and S_T⁽²⁾ for weakly mixing actions T⁽¹⁾ and T⁽²⁾ of different groups implies that the groups are isomorphic and the actions are conjugate with respect to this isomorphism. Our main result supporting this conjecture is that the conclusion is true under the additional assumption that the isomorphism γ : R_T⁽¹⁾→R_T⁽²⁾ such that γ(S_T⁽¹⁾)=S_T⁽²⁾ has the property that the Cartan subalgebras γ(C_T⁽¹⁾) and C_T⁽²⁾ of R_T⁽²⁾ are inner conjugate. We discuss a stronger conjecture about the structure of the automorphism group Aut(R_T,S_T), and a weaker one about entropy as a conjugacy invariant. We study also the Pukanszky and some related invariants of S_T, and show that they have a simple interpretation in terms of the spectral theory of the action T. It follows that essentially all values of the Pukanszky invariant are realized by the masas S_T, and there exist non-conjugate singular masas with the same Pukanszky invariant.     

On the Lower Tail Probabilities of Some Random Sequences in <Emphasis Type="Italic">l</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Subscript>

We investigate the behaviour of the logarithmic small deviation probability of a sequence (σ _n θ _n ) in l _p , 0<p≤∞, where (θ _n ) are i.i.d. random variables and (σ _n ) is a decreasing sequence of positive numbers. In particular, the example σ _n ∼n ^−μ (1+log n)^−ν is studied thoroughly. Contrary to the existing results in the literature, the rate function and the small deviation constant are expressed expli- citly in the present treatment. The restrictions on the distribution of θ ₁ are kept to an absolute minimum. In particular, the usual variance assumption is removed. As an example, the results are applied to stable and Gamma-distributed random variables.     

On a new notion of the solution to an ill-posed problem

A new understanding of the notion of the stable solution to ill-posed problems is proposed. The new notion is more realistic than the old one and better fits the practical computational needs. A method for constructing stable solutions in the new sense is proposed and justified. The basic point is: in the traditional definition of the stable solution to an ill-posed problem Au=f, where A is a linear or nonlinear operator in a Hilbert space H, it is assumed that the noisy data {f_δ,δ} are given, ‖f−f_δ‖≤δ, and a stable solution u_δ:=R_δf_δ is defined by the relation lim_δ→0‖R_δf_δ−y‖=0, where y solves the equation Au=f, i.e., Ay=f. In this definition y and f are unknown. Any f∈B(f_δ,δ) can be the exact data, where B(f_δ,δ):={f:‖f−f_δ‖≤δ}.The new notion of the stable solution excludes the unknown y and f from the definition of the solution. The solution is defined only in terms of the noisy data, noise level, and an a priori information about a compactum to which the solution belongs.     

Kolmogorov Width of Classes of Smooth Functions on the Sphere

Let ^d−1{(x₁,…,x_d) ^d:x²₁+···+x²_d=1} be the unit sphere of the d-dimensional Euclidean space ^d. For r>0, we denote by B^r_p (1p∞) the class of functions f on ^d−1 representable in the formwhere dσ(y) denotes the usual Lebesgue measure on ^d−1, and P^λ_k(t) is the ultraspherical polynomial.For 1p,q∞, the Kolmogorov N-width of B^r_p in L^q( ^d−1) is given bythe left-most infimum being taken over all N-dimensional subspaces X_N of L^q( ^d−1).The main result in this paper is that for r2(d−1)²,where A_NB_N means that there exists a positive constant C, independent of N, such that C⁻¹A_NB_NCA_N.This extends the well-known Kashin theorem on the asymptotic order of the Kolmogorov widths of the Sobolev class of the periodic functions.     

On the order bound of one-point algebraic geometry codes

Let S={s_i}_i∈N⊆N be a numerical semigroup. For each i∈N, let ν(s_i) denote the number of pairs (s_i−s_j,s_j)∈S²: it is well-known that there exists an integer m such that the sequence {ν(s_i)}_i∈N is non-decreasing for i>m. The problem of finding m is solved only in special cases. By way of a suitable parameter t, we improve the known bounds for m and in several cases we determine m explicitly. In particular we give the value of m when the Cohen-Macaulay type of the semigroup is three or when the multiplicity is less than or equal to six. When S is the Weierstrass semigroup of a family {C_i}_i∈N of one-point algebraic geometry codes, these results give better estimates for the order bound on the minimum distance of the codes {C_i}.     

Testing Serial Correlation in Semiparametric Varying-Coefficient Partially Linear EV Models

This paper studies estimation and serial correlation test of a semiparametric varying-coefficient partially linear EV model of the form Y = X^Tβ ＋Z^Tα（T） ＋ε,ξ = X ＋ η with the identifying condition E[（ε,η^T）^T] =0, Cov[（ε,η^T）^T] = σ^2Ip＋1. The estimators of interested regression parameters /3 , and the model error variance σ2, as well as the nonparametric components α（T）, are constructed. Under some regular conditions, we show that the estimators of the unknown vector β and the unknown parameter σ2 are strongly consistent and asymptotically normal and that the estimator of α（T） achieves the optimal strong convergence rate of the usual nonparametric regression. Based on these estimators and asymptotic properties, we propose the VN,p test statistic and empirical log-likelihood ratio statistic for testing serial correlation in the model. The proposed statistics are shown to have asymptotic normal or chi-square distributions under the null hypothesis of no serial correlation. Some simulation studies are conducted to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed tests.