Radioactive probe atoms in semiconductors

Progress in semiconductor technology is accompanied by progress in knowledge and control of intrinsic and extrinsic defects in these materials, i.e. of vacancies or self-interstitials and dopant or impurity atoms, respectively. In spite of the large number of different experimental techniques, in particular electrical and optical ones, employed for the characterisation of these defects, there is a shortage of techniques that are able to identify the chemical nature, local structure, and dynamic properties of defects on an atomic scale. The missing sensitivity towards low defect concentrations in the range of 10¹⁶ cm^–3 excludes many techniques which are known to fulfil these requirements. There is a growing number of experimental techniques, however, having in common the application of radioactive isotopes, so-called probe atoms, that deliver the required information also at low defect concentrations. Among the nuclear techniques, which will be discussed in context of their applicability to semiconductors, are the perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and-nuclear magnetic resonance. But also non-nuclear techniques, such as the classical electrical and optical methods, being highly sensitive to low defect concentrations, will be shown to gain the missing sensitivity to the nature of defects if radioactive atoms are employed. For elemental semiconductors as well as for III–V, II–VI, and IV-IV compounds, it will be illustrated to what extent radioactive probe atoms contribute to delivering the needed knowledge and control of defects.     

Cherenkov effect as a probe of photonic nanostructures

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is shown to be an excellent source of information both on photonic crystal bands and on radiation modes of complex nanostructures. Good agreement is reported between measurements and parameter-free calculations of EELS in porous alumina films, where Cherenkov radiation is scattered by the pores to yield a strong 8.3-eV (7-eV) feature for 120-keV (200-keV) electrons. The latter is related to the bands of two-dimensional photonic crystals formed by air cylinders in an alumina matrix with similar near-range ordering. Finally, the band structure is proved to be directly mapped by angle-resolved EELS.     

The interrelation between the Faraday effect and the inverse Faraday effect in a magnetic medium and the terahertz inverse Faraday effect in single molecule magnets

The interrelation between the Faraday and the inverse Faraday effects when the magneto-dipole interaction of a sample with an electromagnetic wave is essential has been phenomenologically investigated. This investigation was carried out in the spirit of well-known Pitaevsky’s approach. The terahertz inverse Faraday effect in single molecule magnets has been theoretically studied, the conditions favorable for observing this effect have been formulated.     

The effect of nuclear polarizability on the isomer shift in electronic atoms

We study the influence of the nuclear polarizability on isomer shifts. For the quadrupole contribution, we can compare our numerical results to previous investigations of Reiner and Wilets. The agreement is quite good. The polarization contribution to the isomer shift is directly proportional to the non-energy weighted sum ofB (E λ)-@#@ values from the ground and isomer states respectively. Although the absolute effects are quite large, there tends to be a cancellation effect for the differences between the two states. This is illustrated, albeit rather crudely, by two different model calculations. Since the polarization effect is, like the volume effect, directly proportional to the electron density at the nucleus, the extraction ofΔ ψ(0)²-values from isomer shift measurements remains unaffected. The nuclear parameter, however, contains in general a polarization contribution.     

Faraday effect in glass fibers

Various types of glass fiber were studied to determine their suitability for transmitting linearly polarized light. Polarization and magnetooptical experiments were performed on index-gradient fibers. These fibers have birefringent properties as a result of mechanical stress created during fabrication. The interaction of double refraction and the Faraday effect in a longitudinal magnetic field is explained theoretically. The rule governing such fibers in industrial magnetic fields is that the Faraday rotation (φ < 5°/cm) per field length is always substantially smaller than the phase difference (δ_s = 57.2°/cm) per fiber length.     

Aharonov-Bohm effect as a probe of interaction between magnetic impurities

We study the effects of the RKKY interaction between magnetic impurities on the mesoscopic conductance fluctuations of a metal ring with dilute magnetic impurities. At sufficiently low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, the loss of electron coherence occurs mainly due to the scattering off rare pairs of strongly coupled magnetic impurities. We establish a relation between the dephasing rate and the distribution function of the exchange interaction within such pairs. In the case of the RKKY exchange interaction, this rate exhibits 1/B(2) behavior in strong magnetic fields. We demonstrate that the Aharonov-Bohm conductance oscillations may be used as a probe of the distribution function of the exchange interaction between magnetic impurities in metals.     

Acoustic Faraday effect in superfluid He-B

We have observed that the direction of linearly polarized transverse sound in superfluid ³He-B rotates in a magnetic field. This acoustic Faraday effect proves the existence of a propagating transverse sound mode in ³He and provides clear evidence for spontaneously broken relative spin–orbit symmetry.     

Nonequilibrium noise as a probe of the Kondo effect in mesoscopic wires

We study the nonequilibrium noise in mesoscopic diffusive wires hosting magnetic impurities. We find that the shot-noise to current ratio develops a peak at intermediate source-drain biases of the order of the Kondo temperature. The enhanced impurity contribution at intermediate biases is also manifested in the effective distribution. The predicted peak represents an increased inelastic scattering rate at the nonequilibrium Kondo crossover.     

Faraday effect in nanogranular Co-Sm-O films

The Faraday effect (FE) was studied in Co-Sm-O composite films consisting of nanoparticles of metallic cobalt embedded in a samarium oxide dielectric matrix. The volume of the magnetic phase was ～60%. The FE spectral dependence for the condensates studied revealed a substantial change as compared to that for bulk cobalt samples, as well as for the films of nanocrystalline Co and CoSm films prepared in this study. An enhancement of the FE was also observed in the short-wavelength part of the optical spectrum.     

Probing electronic coherence in a gas of dipole-dipole coupled Rydberg atoms

We demonstrate a novel time-domain method to probe electronic coherence in ensembles of cold Rydberg atoms coupled via nearly resonant dipole-dipole interactions. Short laser pulses create coherent superpositions of few-electron eigenstates which evolve under the influence of pulsed electric fields. The pulses steer the dynamics, enhancing the probability for finding atoms in np, rather than initially excited ns states. The enhancement reflects the underlying electronic coherence which persists for >10 μs, 2?orders of magnitude longer than previously measured dephasing times in the same system. Simulations suggest that atom motion is responsible for the eventual decoherence.     

半导体激光器混沌法拉第效应控制方法

提出了外腔延时反馈半导体激光器法拉第效应控制下的新激光系统, 构造出两种类型结构光路, 建立了法拉第效应控制下的延时负反馈、延时正反馈激光动力学物理模型, 研究了激光混沌控制与反控制等. 利用法拉第效应原理及磁致旋光性和系统特点, 调节控制光路中的光旋转角度和光延时间可实现双参数控制激光器, 控制激光到双周期、三周期及多周期, 使激光产生拍动等现象, 反控制激光周期到混沌等. 发现了以磁致旋光角分布的激光混沌控制与反控制区域. 并研究了激光混沌控制与周期控制的动态情况, 演示讨论了激光态的转化演变过程等.     

Polarizability effects in electronic and muonic atoms

Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and nuclei - TheS state polarizability shifts are derived from the virtual forward Compton scattering in the unretarded dipole approximation. In the...     

Switching noise as a probe of statistics in the fractional quantum Hall effect

We propose an experiment to probe the unconventional quantum statistics of quasiparticles in fractional quantum Hall states by measurement of current noise. The geometry we consider is that of a Hall bar where two quantum point contacts introduce two interfering amplitudes for backscattering. Thermal fluctuations of the number of quasiparticles enclosed between the two point contacts introduce current noise, which reflects the statistics of the quasiparticles. We analyze Abelian nu=1/q states and the non-Abelian nu=5/2 state.     

Anomalous Hall effect as a probe of the chiral order in spin glasses

The anomalous Hall effect arising from the noncoplanar spin configuration (chirality) is discussed as a probe of the chiral order in spin glasses. It is shown that the Hall coefficient yields direct information about the linear and nonlinear chiral susceptibilities of the spin sector, which has been hard to obtain experimentally from the standard magnetic measurements. Based on the chirality scenario of spin-glass transition, predictions are given on the behavior of the Hall resistivity of canonical spin glasses.     

磁光光子晶体结构的法拉第效应增强

在超薄薄膜的基础上,基于时域有限差分法原理,利用FDTD Solutions仿真软件分别研究了基于两种多层膜结构和一种金属光栅结构的磁光光子晶体法拉第旋光效应。研究表明,多层膜结构的法拉第旋光效应增强原理为入射光在薄膜中心层的透射谱谐振,而金属光栅周期结构的法拉第效应增强是通过金属光栅激发表面等离子体实现的;在三种结构中,金属光栅周期结构具有更广的法拉第偏转角增强域。进一步通过参数优化,实现对金属光栅周期结构工作波长的可调节性研究,为薄膜型磁光器件设计提供了理论依据。