Q460高强钢螺栓接头受力性能分析与评价

在试验研究的基础上,对Q460高强钢螺栓横排和纵排连接接头的应力分布、破坏模式、螺栓受力及承载性能进行了有限元模拟,并与EC3规范关于孔壁承压、螺栓抗剪、净截面破坏及板件撕裂的理论计算值进行了对比。研究结果表明:有限元分析的荷载位移曲线规律及连接接头的极限承载力与试验结果基本吻合。当螺栓横向布置时,两孔受力较均匀,应力云图及塑性区域呈对称分布,拟合曲线点分布较离散,采用EC3规范理论计算值富裕度较大;当螺栓纵向布置时,两孔受力不均,端部螺栓孔变形较大,EC3规范计算端部螺栓和中部螺栓承载力均比较准确。本研究可为高强钢螺栓连接设计方法提供数据参考。     

典型连接结构螺栓的附加弯矩形成机理与承载能力研究及结构优化设计

针对典型连接结构中, 高强螺栓在受拉工况下因产生附加弯矩而极大削弱其承载能力的问题, 开展了螺栓附加弯矩产生的机理研究, 并提出了一种有效降低螺栓附加弯矩的结构优化设计方法. 首先, 建立典型连接结构的等效力学模型, 推导出螺栓附加弯矩的解析解, 进一步开展数值仿真分析, 验证了解析方法的正确性. 考虑螺栓同时承受拉弯耦合载荷工况, 引入梁塑性弯曲理论, 研究了不同拉弯组合下的螺栓截面各类应力分布的交互关系, 并给出了考虑轴力影响的弯矩塑性折减系数. 基于最大应力破坏准则, 开展了考虑附加弯矩和弯曲塑性影响的螺栓载荷失效判据研究, 该判据更加具有工程应用价值. 从机理出发, 开展典型连接结构优化设计以降低螺栓的附加弯矩进而提高其承载能力, 进一步采用解析方法, 阐述了铰支球头的工作机理. 采用数值仿真方法, 开展了螺栓附加弯矩灵敏度分析, 验证了优化设计方法的有效性. 进一步开展试验研究, 获得不同连接状态下螺栓的附加弯矩, 验证了优化设计方法的正确性和可行性. 该方法能够极大降低高强螺栓的附加弯矩, 最大程度发挥螺栓的承载能力, 提高连接结构的可靠性.      

铁磁矩形简支板的磁弹塑性弯曲行为分析

基于广义变分原理得到的磁力计算公式,采用塑性增量理论,Mises屈服准则和有效的增量有限元计算方法,研究了线性强化材料铁磁矩形板的磁弹塑性弯曲行为。在文中定量模拟了铁磁简支矩形板在外加磁场作用下的挠度特征曲线,铁磁板发生塑性变形时的构型图和不同外加磁场下的中截面构型,以及铁磁板在卸载后的残余挠度特征曲线等力学特征,分析了塑性区域随磁场增加而扩展的情况。数值结果表明:当铁磁矩形板上的部分区域发生塑性屈服后,其变形明显大于相同磁场条件下铁磁板发生的弹性变形值;且随着外加磁场倾角的增大(0°<α≤45°),铁磁板进入塑性屈服状态的临界屈服磁场值减小;铁磁板的中截面构形为双半波型,其塑性区域由铁磁板两侧挠度最大的区域向板的中心区域扩展,板的中心最后进入塑性区域等。     

新型装配式塑性铰节点的设计及数值模拟

为适应可更换、高耗能装配式预制构件连接的发展趋势,针对现有连接构造复杂、传力路径不明确等不足,提出了一种新型塑性铰节点。本文详细介绍了新型塑性铰节点的构造特点,并建立了5种新型塑性铰节点ABAQUS数值模型,通过施加单调荷载和变幅循环荷载,探讨节点受力性能和抗震性能。研究表明:5种不同构造特点的新型塑性铰节点具备良好的耗能能力和塑性变形能力,能够实现设计目标。两种荷载峰值时,实心钢板节点承载力和初始刚度分别为330.81kN、12.18kN/mm和315.33kN、12.04kN/mm,实心钢板节点具有更好的承载力和刚度;基于累积耗能方面,曲面钢板节点具备更好的耗能能力,但此节点初始刚度较小,承载力低。     

钢框架外挂再生混凝土墙板结构局部性能分析

为研究钢框架外挂再生混凝土墙板结构的受力性能,对两榀单层单跨1︰3缩尺的钢框架外挂再生混凝土墙板试件进行了拟静力试验。在对结构滞回曲线分析的基础上,重点研究该结构中外挂节点的破坏模式、框架梁柱和梁柱节点的应力分布、内力传递机理等局部性能。结果表明:钢框架外挂再生混凝土墙板结构的耗能能力偏低,但持荷性能较好;栓焊混合梁柱节点中钢框架内力分布均匀,梁柱节点整体性能好;平齐端板梁柱节点在强震下变形能力强,钢梁受压翼缘和端板局部翘曲;在开裂荷载之前,外挂墙板与连接角钢接触良好,钢框架与墙体协同工作,性能稳定;峰值荷载过后,下部外挂节点处钢柱翼缘局部屈曲,连带角钢产生较大扭转变形,上部外挂节点周围的墙体混凝土局部压碎、脱落,钢筋裸露,结构丧失承载能力。     

考虑塑性变形发展程度系数的RC梁开裂弯矩改进计算公式

针对RC梁开裂荷载计算方法尚未统一的现状,首先,结合18根RC梁试验数据对比了已有的6种RC梁开裂弯矩计算公式,发现开裂弯矩理论计算值与试验值的偏差大小和混凝土强度有关;然后,通过提出塑性变形发展程度系数k,推导新的RC梁开裂弯矩计算公式,并进一步基于k值和塑性影响系数计算值γ_k进行改进;最后,选取12根RC试验梁验证改进公式的准确性,证明改进公式的计算值与试验值吻合更好且偏于安全。     

节点域尺寸对H型钢局部框架极限承载力的影响

为了研究节点域尺寸对H型钢截面钢框架极限承载力的影响,以常见的梁、柱、节点域组成的十字形钢框架结构为分析对象,以柱轴压比、结构跨高比、节点域高宽比、节点域宽度与钢框架层高比等为主要研究参量,基于力学平衡准则进行分析。结果表明:考虑节点域尺寸的分析模型极限承载力比值曲线可分三类,第一类曲线的节点域形成塑性铰;第二类曲线在强柱系数Rpcb≤1.2时节点域形成塑性铰,当强柱系数Rpcb1.2时梁端形成塑性铰;第三类曲线在强柱系数Rpcb≤0.8时节点域形成塑性铰,当强柱系数Rpcb0.8时梁端形成塑性铰。H型钢局部框架模型的极限承载力比值曲线主要为第一类曲线,不考虑节点域尺寸的模型极限承载力为考虑节点域尺寸的模型极限承载力的1~5倍,按不考虑节点域尺寸计算H型钢截面钢框架的极限承载力时可能发生过大估算,从而导致结构设计的不安全。     

新型PEC柱(强轴)-钢梁(RBS)组合框架层间倒塌机理试验研究

结构抗倒塌性能是维系结构震后整体性和实现"大震不倒"设计标准的关键所在。为研究新型PEC柱(强轴)-钢梁(BRS)组合框架结构的层间子结构倒塌机理,按1∶2缩尺比例设计制作1榀组合框架层间子结构试件并进行拟静力抗震试验。基于试验现象记录和测试数据整理,分析了试件的破坏过程、滞回特性、水平抗侧刚度退化、耗能能力、水平侧移模式与塑性破坏机构等抗震性能。研究结果表明:对穿螺栓连接实现了节点区混凝土斜压带传力模式,且梁端截面削弱使梁端出现塑性铰远离节点区,较好满足了"强节点弱构件"的抗震要求;试件位移延性系数μ_u=4.36,最大等效黏滞阻尼比(ζ_(eq))_(max)=0.344,具有较好的抗震延性和耗能能力;试件水平抗侧刚度沿高度分布均匀,呈现理想倒三角形侧移模式;试件最终破坏模式为梁端削弱截面屈服形成塑性铰的理想塑性破坏机构,且其承载力下降到极限承载力85%时,对应层间相对侧移和节点转角均超过罕遇地震作用下层间侧移限值1/30,试件具有良好的抗倒塌能力。     

Q690高强钢螺栓抗剪连接承载性能试验研究

通过对22个Q690高强钢螺栓连接接头的静力拉伸试验,综合分析了其连接的破坏形态、受力性能和匹配性,讨论了关键参数对承载性能的影响。研究表明:螺栓横向布置时,承载力随螺栓端距、边距和间距的增大呈线性增长;螺栓纵向布置时,连接的承载力仅随边距增大而增大,螺栓端距和间距的影响不超过5%。螺栓孔径对承载力的影响主要体现在净截面面积上,螺栓强度等级会影响连接的初始滑移荷载,而对极限承载力影响较小,与Q690钢材匹配的高强钢螺栓建议取10.9级以上。EC3规范能较好地反映端距和边距的影响关系,但偏于保守,ANSI规范的拟合结果与试验值更接近。上述研究结果可为国产高强度钢材螺栓连接的设计理论和方法提供基础数据。     

基于新型广义位移的箱形梁扭转单元及应用

为了改进变截面连续箱梁桥的扭转分析理论,将截面总扭转角分解为自由翘曲扭转角和约束剪切扭转角,选取自由翘曲转角扭率作为广义位移,提出一个2节点8自由度的扭转梁段单元。从约束扭转控制微分方程出发,推导单元刚度矩阵及等效节点荷载列阵。引入应力增大系数,以反映约束扭转对初等梁应力的增大效应。数值算例验证了本文梁段单元的可靠性。最后对一个三跨变截面连续箱梁桥进行分析,结果表明,双力矩影响线与弯矩影响线较为类似,按双力矩影响线进行最不利荷载加载时最大应力值偏小;应力增大系数在集中荷载作用截面出现极值,均发生在腹板与顶板交点处;利用偏载放大系数来考虑扭转附加效应时,不宜考虑弯曲正应力较小及翘曲正应力出现极值的梁段区域。     

An indentation technique for estimating the energy density as fracture toughness with Berkovich indenter for ductile bulk materials

A technique is proposed to estimate the energy density as fracture toughness for ductile bulk materials with an indentation system equipped with a Berkovich indenter based on the theory of plastic deformation energy transforming into the indentation energy of fracture. With progressive increase of penetration loads, the material damage is exhibited on the effective elastic modulus. A quadratic polynomial relationship between the plastic penetration depth and penetration load, and an approximate linear relationship between logarithmic plastic penetration depth and logarithmic effective elastic modulus are exhibited by indentation investigation with Berkovich indenter. The parameter of damage variable is proposed to determine the critical effective elastic modulus at the fracture point. And the strain energy density factor is calculated according to the equations of penetration load, plastic penetration depth and effective elastic modulus. The fracture toughness of aluminum alloy and stainless steel are evaluated by both indentation tests and K_IC fracture toughness tests. The predicted S_cr values of indentation tests are in good agreement with experimental results of CT tests.     

基于图像相关分析的狗骨式钢框架子结构试验节点区变形场测量

为研究狗骨式钢框架子结构节点区域在循环荷载作用下的损伤演化规律,采用图像相关技术对3榀、3层、单跨1/3缩尺的狗骨式钢框架子结构底层节点区域的应变场及变形进行了监测,重点分析了不同循环加载方式作用下狗骨式节点区域的应变场、节点域剪切变形的历程,并与传统测试方法所记录结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,加载方式对狗骨式钢框架子结构节点区域的变形、应变及其损伤程度均有显著影响;图像相关技术可获得节点区域的变形及应变场,较传统测试方法更具优势;测点峰值应变及变形同传统方法测试结果吻合良好。     

Analyses and evaluations for composite-moment frames with SMA PR-CFT connections

This paper describes seismic performance and evaluation for composite-moment frames (C-MF) with a new type of bolted connections. The study is purely analytical and explores the effort needed to establish new connection parameters without large-scale physical testing. The innovative aspects of this research are in the use of partial restraint (PR) connections between steel beams and concrete-filled tube (CFT) columns that utilize a combination of low-carbon steel and shape memory alloy (SMA) components as the main force transfer elements in the connections. The intent is to utilize the recentering provided by super-elastic shape memory tension bars to reduce building damage and residual drift after a major earthquake, and the energy dissipation of low-carbon steel components in parallel. Accurate modeling and computational efficiency were achieved through the use of a simplified joint element which includes all connection strength and deformation components. Four- and six-story C-MF models were designed for a high seismic zone in the western USA. Two connection types and three column systems installed at these prototype frame models were investigated through nonlinear pushover and dynamic analyses. The C-MF models with new bolted connections were compared to those with traditional welded connections. The results of numerical analysis demonstrate that C-MF with new PR connections show superior structural performance as indicated by small residual deformation and better distribution of the demand over the height of the structure.     

竖向载荷对半刚性连接钢框架抗震性能的影响

利用拟动力试验对T 型钢半刚性连接钢框架在2 种地震峰值加速度下的抗震性能进行研究, 并对比分析了钢框架在柱顶施加竖向载荷和无竖向载荷等2 种工况下的应变、位移和载荷变化, 以及载荷-位移滞回曲线. 结果表明: T 型钢半刚性连接钢框架具有较好的变形能力, 滞回性能良好, 抗震能力较强, 且随着地震作用的增大, 钢框架的动力反应增大; 竖向载荷对钢框架的层间位移反应影响较大, 而对节点区域的应变和层间载荷的影响较小.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土偏心受压构件实验及其承载力计算方法研究

大量锈蚀钢筋混凝土偏压构件的实验研究表明,随着纵向受力主筋锈蚀率的增大,偏心受压构件的承载力及其刚度均有不同程度的降低。并且由于钢筋锈蚀,钢筋混凝土偏心受压构件延性也随之降低,脆性性质明显,从而可能使得钢筋混凝土偏压构件的破坏形态发生变化。在对预制钢筋混凝土柱进行快速锈蚀实验85研究的基础上,对锈蚀偏心受压构件的结构性能退化机理和破坏特征进行了分析;在现行计算理论和实验85结果分析的基础上,通过拟合出的锈蚀钢筋与混凝土间的应变不协调系数,对未锈蚀构件的相对界限受压区高度进行修正,得到了锈蚀偏心受压构件相对界限受压区高度的修正公式;考虑锈蚀钢筋截面的削弱、钢筋屈服强度的降低以及钢筋和混凝土之间粘结性能退化的影响,提出锈蚀偏心受压构件正截面承载力计算方法,为今后混凝土结构耐久性评估和可靠性鉴定提供了科学依据。     

翼缘削弱型节点钢结构的抗震性能研究

采用有限元方法对翼缘削弱型节点钢结构的抗震性能进行了研究,通过模态分析和动力时程分析,详细分析了框架的周期、结构动内力、动应力以及塑性变形区的发展规律等,并和普通节点框架的计算结果进行对比. 研究结果表明：在小震下,翼缘削弱型节点的抗震性能并不理想,但在大震下,表现出了良好的抗震性能,塑性变形出现在梁端削弱处,塑性应变增加,柱底剪力和顶层位移均比普通节点框架的小,建议在强震区推广使用翼缘削弱型节点.     

Experimental evidence of macroscopic plastic flow nonhomogeneity development in uniaxial tensile test samples

An experimental study of the macroscopic plastic flow nonhomogeneity in the course of a uniaxial tensile test is conducted on several aluminum alloys, nickel and 4340 steel. It was observed that the plastic flow initiates throughout the entire gage length in a nonuniform fashion, so that the growth of the deformation in the middle of the gage is faster than it is at the edges. That initial strain rate gradient almost disappeared shortly after its evolution, and the strain rate through the entire gage length became about uniform. The plastic flow nonuniformity emerged again upon further stretching, producing a gradual acceleration in the middle of the gage with corresponding slowdown toward the edges. That final development of the strain rate gradient commenced well in advance of the load maxima and was the cause of the consequent neck formation in the middle portion of the gage. It is demonstrated that the origin of plastic flow nonhomogeneity stemmed from the second elastic strain component in the transverse direction and its gradient evolution along the reduced section upon loading. It is found empirically that acceleration in the strain rate in the middle part of the reduced section was accompanied by a reduction in the apparent strainhardening exponent,n, calculated from the stress/strain chart. The maxima in the apparent strain-hardening exponent,n, obtained from the common stress/strain charts can be used to indicate the strain rate gradient onset.     

A weakened form of Ilyushin's postulate and the structure of self-consistent Eulerian finite elastoplasticity

From a general standpoint in terms of internal variables, we formulate a general theory of self-consistent Eulerian finite elastoplasticity based on the additive decomposition of the Eulerian strain rate, i.e., D=D^e+D^p, as well as two consistency criteria. In this theory, the elastic behaviour is characterized by an exactly integrable elastic rate equation for D^e with a general form of complementary elastic potential. It is assumed that the yield function depends in a general manner on the Kirchhoff stress and the internal variables. Moreover, the plastic rate equation for D^p and the evolution equation for each internal variable are allowed to assume general forms relying on the just-mentioned variables and the stress rate. It is indicated that two consistency criteria, i.e., the self-consistency for the elastic rate equation and Prager's yielding stationarity, lead to the unique choice of objective rates, i.e., the logarithmic rate.The structure of the above theory is further studied and examined by virtue of a weakened form of Ilyushin's postulate. In a spinning frame defining the logarithmic rate, we introduce the notion of standard elastoplastic strain cycle, which starts at a point not on but inside a yield surface and incorporates only one infinitesimal plastic subpath. We show that this type of strain cycle is always possible. Then, by ruling out strain cycles starting at points on yield surfaces we propose a weakened form of Ilyushin's postulate, which says that the changing rate of the stress work done along every standard strain cycle should be non-negative, whenever the incorporated plastic subpath tends to vanish. By virtue of simple, rigorous procedures, we demonstrate that this weakened form of Ilyushin's postulate is adequate to ensure direct results concerning the normality rule and the convexity of the yield surface in the context of the foregoing Eulerian finite elastoplasticity theory. Specifically, with an exactly integrable elastic rate equation defining D^e, we prove that, in the space of the Kirchhoff stresses, the difference (D−D^e) is just the gradient of the yield function multiplied by a plastic multiplier, and thus bears the very kinematical and physical feature of plastic strain rate. Furthermore, we prove that, in the space of the Kirchhoff stresses, the elastic domain bounded by each yield surface should be convex. The main results are derived in a self-contained manner within the context of an Eulerian theory of finite elastoplasticity, without involving issues concerning how to define intermediate stress-free states and plastic strains, etc.     

基于塑性体积应变的岩石损伤变形特性实验研究

为分析岩石塑性变形与损伤的关系,在定义岩石的初始损伤和临界损伤,提出塑性体积应变分析方法,从而以塑性体积应变为损伤变量,采用归一化方法建立岩石的损伤本构模型。采用递增循环加载实验确定岩石损伤本构模型中的弹性卸载模量和弹性应变比例系数两个参数。通过实验和理论分析得出:当荷载较小时,普通单轴压缩状态下岩石损伤随荷载的增加具有减小趋势,荷载超过一定数值后,岩石损伤才开始增加;单轴递增循环压缩状态下当循环荷载大于约35%峰值强度后,卸载后岩石的损伤具有增加的趋势,小于该荷载之前具有减小的趋势。整个加载过程的理论应力-应变曲线能很好地与实验结果相吻合,在循环加载区间理论结果还能体现出岩石实验结果中的回滞环。     

冲击载荷下软钢梁早期响应的数值模拟和简化模型

冲击载荷作用下，梁的早期响应既有弹性变形也有塑性变形，两者相互耦合．有限元数值模拟的结果表明，弹性弯曲波的传播是梁早期变形的主要机制，刚塑性简化理论预言的初始阶段中梁的“移行塑性铰”实际上是不存在的．本文提出的弹性 理想塑性简化模型可以很好地模拟固支软钢梁的早期响应