碳纳米管的力学性能及碳纳米管复合材料研究

对碳纳米管力学行为和碳纳米管复合材料的研究文献进行了综述.首先介绍了碳纳米管结构稳定性和力学性能的研究进展,包括理论模拟和实验的研究结果.结果表明,碳纳米管有着优异的力学性能,其在复合材料应用方面有着巨大的潜力.然后,系统地总结了碳纳米管在增强高分子材料、金属材料和陶瓷材料方面的应用,指出外场力传递效应是值得关注的课题.最后,对该领域工作做了一些讨论和展望.      

宏观碳纳米管聚集体的力学性能及其在复合材料中的应用进展

碳纳米管具有优异的力、电、热、光学等功能特性, 如何在宏观尺度上充分发挥和利用碳纳米管的优异性能是科学家和工程技术人员普遍关注的一个热点. 宏观碳纳米管聚集体是推动碳纳米管应用研究发展的一个重要途径和手段. 系统综述了碳纳米管纤维、碳纳米管薄膜以及碳纳米管阵列等宏观聚集体制备技术方面的最新研究进展, 重点关注了聚集体的力学性能, 并结合我们自身的研究工作, 预测了碳纳米管聚集体在复合材料领域的应用和发展前景以及未来发展中可能的机遇和挑战.      

碳纳米管增强Nb-Si基复合材料界面应力传递的研究

基于均匀化理论,建立了碳纳米管增强Nb-Si基复合材料的代表体积元模型,并采用剪切滞后模型对碳纳米管增强Nb-Si基复合材料界面上的应力分布和传递机制进行了研究,探讨了分子间作用力、杨氏模量比β、长径比α、体积分数?等对其应力分布和传递机制的影响。结果表明,复合材料界面应力分布的变化主要集中在碳纳米管的两端,最大的应力都是分布在加载端或拔出端,然后向另一端传递;分子间作用力、杨氏模量比、长径比、体积分数等参数对界面应力的传递均有一定的影响,其中长径比和体积分数的影响最明显,体积分数为0.02时拔出端的界面剪切应力值相对于体积分数为0.0025时增大幅度达到近7倍,而长径比从200减小到50时,其应力传递距离增大了近8倍。     

碳纳米管改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

评价了用不同含量碳纳米管(CNTs)改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料的力学性能,利用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了CNTs含量对PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,借助于扫描电子显微镜观察分析了试样磨损表面及磨屑形貌,并探讨其磨损机理.结果表明:CNTs能够提高PTFE复合材料的硬度和冲击强度,在本文研究范围内,当CNTs的质量分数为7%时,PTFE复合材料的力学性能最佳;CNTs能够增加PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数、降低其磨损量,当其质量分数为10%时,PTFE复合材料的耐磨损性能最佳.纤维状碳纳米管可以阻止PTFE带状结构的大面积破坏,以及在摩擦过程中于偶件表面能够形成转移膜并隔离复合材料与偶件的直接接触是其减摩耐磨作用的主要原因.     

多壁碳纳米管-高聚物纳米复合材料的抗蠕变性能

通过双螺杆挤出机和模压成型设备制备了两种不同长径比的多壁碳纳米管（MWNT）增强的聚丙烯（PP）纳米复合材料。实验表明，通过添加1％体积含量的MWNT，聚丙烯的抗蠕变性能得到很大提高，即长时间加栽后，基体的蠕变变形量和蠕变率均显著降低。同时，在特定载荷下，纳米复合材料的蠕变寿命比纯基体提高了10倍。几种栽荷传递机理导致了材料抗蠕变性能的增强：（1）碳纳米管和基体之间较好的界面性能，（2）碳纳米管限制了基体内无定型分子链的活动性，以及（3）碳纳米管的较高的长径比。差分热扫描（DSC）的结果显示了材料蠕变前后结晶的变化和栽荷传递机理分析是一致的。这些实验结果显示，在不增加成本的基础上可以大大提高抗蠕变的聚合物纳米复合材料的工程应用。     

多壁碳纳米管-高聚物纳米复合材料的抗蠕变性能

通过双螺杆挤出机和模压成型设备制备了两种不同长径比的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)增强的聚丙烯(PP)纳米复合材料.实验表明,通过添加1%体积含量的MWNT,聚丙烯的抗蠕变性能得到很大提高,即长时间加载后,基体的蠕变变形量和蠕变率均显著降低.同时,在特定载荷下,纳米复合材料的蠕变寿命比纯基体提高了10倍.几种载荷传递机理导致了材料抗蠕变性能的增强:(1)碳纳米管和基体之间较好的界面性能,(2)碳纳米管限制了基体内无定型分子链的活动性,以及(3)碳纳米管的较高的长径比.差分热扫描(DSC)的结果显示了材料蠕变前后结晶的变化和载荷传递机理分析是一致的.这些实验结果显示,在不增加成本的基础上可以大大提高抗蠕变的聚合物纳米复合材料的工程应用.     

镍涂层对碳纳米管/镁复合材料界面结合强度影响的分子动力学模拟

使用分子动力学模拟方法研究了镍涂覆单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)增强镁基复合材料的力学行为.结果表明,镍涂覆SWCNT/Mg复合材料的杨氏模量显著大于未涂覆SWCNT/Mg复合材料的杨氏模量,在碳纳米管表面修饰的Ni涂层可有效传递碳纳米管和Mg基体之间的载荷.此外,还研究了Ni涂层数对SWCNT/Mg复合材料界面结合强度的影响.对于不同Ni涂层数,即无Ni涂层、1层Ni涂层和2层Ni涂层,涂覆1层Ni和2层Ni的SWCNT从Mg基体中完全拔出后的界面结合强度分别约为无Ni涂层SWCNT/Mg复合材料界面结合强度的3.9和11.9倍.     

功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料结构建模与分析研究进展

功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料是一种新一代的先进复合材料。在这种材料中,碳纳米管作为增强体在空间位置上梯度排布。功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料的力学行为已成为近年来材料科学与工程科学的研究热点。本文对功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料结构的建模与分析的研究进展进行评述,集中讨论功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料梁、板、壳在各种载荷条件下,边界条件下和环境条件下的线性和非线性弯曲、屈曲和后屈曲、振动和动力响应。文中所列成果可以看作是进一步研究的基石。最后,提出需要进一步研究的方向。     

多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用浇铸法,利用超声分散制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)/环氧树脂(EP)纳米复合材料,研究了MWNTs的添加量及分散程度对复合材料表面形貌和摩擦磨损性能的影响,并探讨了影响MWNTs/EP复合材料摩擦磨损性能的因素.结果表明:随着MWNTs加入量的提高(1%～4%),复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均呈现降低趋势,摩擦系数由0.60降到0.22,磨损率由1.11×10-4mg/(N·m)降为2.22×10-5mg/(N·m);在MWNTs添加量(1%)相同的情况下,MWNTs分散程度高的复合材料的摩擦性能更好.纯环氧树脂与45#钢对摩时发生粘着磨损和疲劳剥落,而由于MWNTs的增强和自润滑作用,MWNTs/EP复合材料的粘着磨损和疲劳剥落显著减轻.     

电流对碳纳米管-银-石墨复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备了碳纳米管-银-石墨复合材料,研究了复合材料在机械磨损和带电磨损2种状态下的摩擦磨损性能及接触电压降的变化情况.结果表明,复合材料在带电磨损条件下的摩擦系数和磨损体积损失均比不带电条件下的大.这是由于外加电场不利于保持摩擦副接触表面在摩擦热等作用下形成润滑膜的均匀性和完整性所致.此外,在带电磨损条件下,阳极的磨损体积损失比阴极的大.其原因在于,摩擦副接触表面润滑膜中的水在电场作用下发生离解,在正刷侧释放出活性氧,活性氧与电刷表层中的碳或金属发生氧化反应,从而使得磨损加剧.     

金沙江虎跳峡河段岸坡变形破坏的相关动力因子研究

石墨层和单臂碳纳米管都是以C---C共价键结合的. 在小变形条件下C---C键的势能可用谐和函 数来描述，这与梁单元的变形能具有相同的形式，因此可以用梁单元等效C---C键的作用. 提出了一种C---C键的等效梁单元有限元模型，该模型能够完备地替代谐和势描述C---C键的 伸长、面内键角变化、离面键角变化和扭转. 通过分析石墨层的典型受载情况得到了等效梁 单元的参数，以及等效梁单元参数与谐和势参数的关系，并用该模型计算了单臂碳纳米管的 杨氏模量和泊松比，计算结果为相关文献所验证.     

Water structures inside and outside single-walled carbon nanotubes under perpendicular electric field

The structures of water inside and outside(6,6),(8,8), and(10,10) singlewalled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) under an electric field perpendicular to the tube axis are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that dipole reorientation induced by electric field plays a significant role on the structures of confined water inside and outside SWCNTs. Inside SWCNTs, the average water occupancy and the average number of hydrogen bonds(H-bonds) per water molecule decrease as the electric intensity increases. Because the field intensity is sufciently strong, the initial water structures inside the SWCNTs are destroyed, and the isolated water clusters are found. Outside SWCNTs, the azimuthal distributions of the density and the average number of H-bonds per water molecule around the solid walls become more and more asymmetric as the electric intensity increases. The percentages of water molecules involved in 0–5 H-bonds for all the three types of SWCNTs under diferent field intensities are displayed. The results show that those water molecules involved with most H-bonds are the most important to hold the original structures. When the electric field direction is parallel with the original preferred orientation, the density and the H-bond connections in water will be increased; when the electric field direction is perpendicular to the original preferred orientation, the density and the H-bond connections in water will be decreased.     

单壁碳纳米管的扭转力学特性研究

利用基于高阶Cauchy-Born准则所建立的单壁碳纳米管本构模型,针对不同手性的单壁碳纳米管的扭转力学特性进行了研究.研究发现结构呈现对称性的锯齿型和扶手型单壁碳纳米管具有完全对称的扭转特性,而结构不对称的手性型单壁碳纳米管具有正反相异的扭转特性.同时,针对一系列手性不同的单壁碳纳米管的扭转力学特性展开了详细的研究.研究的部分结果与采用其他方法得到的结果进行了对比,证实了所提出方法以及预测结果的有效性和可行性.     

Investigation on the effective conductivities of carbon/carbon fiber composites with inhomogeneous interphase

I.Intr0ducti0nThestudyofeffectivethermalconductivitiesofcompositesisaclassicaltopic.Theearlyresearcheswerec0ncernedmainIycompositesconsistingofisotropicphases,wheretheinterfacebetweentu'oconstituentswasassumedtobeperfect,i.e.,thetemperatureandheatfluxfiel…     

Effects of temperature change on the rheological property of modified multiwall carbon nanotubes

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics - Solvent-free nanofluids hold promise for many technologically significant applications. The liquid-like behavior, a typical rheological property of solvent-free...     

Coarse-grained potentials of single-walled carbon nanotubes

We develop the coarse-grained (CG) potentials of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in CNT bundles and buckypaper for the study of the static and dynamic behaviors. The explicit expressions of the CG stretching, bending and torsion potentials for the nanotubes are obtained by the stick-spiral and the beam models, respectively. The non-bonded CG potentials between two different CG beads are derived from analytical results based on the cohesive energy between two parallel and crossing SWCNTs from the van der Waals interactions. We show that the CG model is applicable to large deformations of complex CNT systems by combining the bonded potentials with non-bonded potentials. Checking against full atom molecular dynamics calculations and our analytical results shows that the present CG potentials have high accuracy. The established CG potentials are used to study the mechanical properties of the CNT bundles and buckypaper efficiently at minor computational cost, which shows great potential for the design of micro- and nanomechanical devices and systems.     

INTERACTION MODELS FOR EFFECTIVE THERMAL AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITIES OF CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES

The present article provides supplementary information of previous works of analytic models for predicting conductivity enhancements of carbon nanotube composites. The models, though fairly simple, are able to take account of the effects of conductivity anisotropy, nonstraightness, and aspect ratio of the CNT additives on the conductivity enhancement of the composite and to give predictions agreeing well with existing experimental data. The omitted detailed derivation of this model is demonstrated in the present article with a more systematical analysis, which may help with further development in this direction. Furthermore, the effects of various orientation distributions of CNTs are reported here for the first time. The information may be useful in design or fabrication technology of CNT composites for better or specified conductivities.     

Numerical well test for well with finite conductivity vertical fracture in coalbed

A new well test model is developed for the hydraulic fractured well in coalbed by considering the following aspects： methane desorption phenomena, finite conductivity vertical fractures, and asymmetry of the fracture about the well. A new parameter is introduced to describe the storage of the fracture, which is named as a combined fracture storage. Another new concept called the fracture asymmetry coefficient is used to define the asymmetry of the fracture about the well. Finite element method （FEM） is used to solve the new mathematical model. The well test type curves and pressure fields are obtained and analyzed. The effects of the combined fracture storage, desorption factor, fracture conductivity, and fracture asymmetry coefficient on the well test type curves are discussed in detail. In order to verify the new model, a set of field well test data is analyzed.     

Analysis of elastoplastic deformation in metal-matrix composites with particulate reinforcements

In this paper, elastoplastic stress-strain behavior during tensile deformation of an aluminum alloy matrix composite containing alumina circular and non-circular particles is analyzed. In terms of cell models in conjunction with continuum plasticity theory, various periodic arrays of particles are assumed in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. The geometrical effects of particle volume fraction, shape, aspect ratio, array and distribution, as well as non-circular particle orientation on the overall elastoplastic stress-strain behavior are examined in view to design optimum microstructures of the composites. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the State Education Commission of China