Five 2‐aryl‐substituted tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepines: isolated molecules and hydrogen‐bonded chains and sheets

(2SR,4RS)‐2‐exo‐Phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₆H₁₅NO, (I), (2SR,4RS)‐2‐exo‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₆H₁₄ClNO, (II), and (2SR,4RS)‐2‐exo‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₇H₁₇NO, (III), all crystallize with Z′ = 2, in the space groups Cc, P2₁/n and P2₁/c, respectively. In each of (II) and (III), the conformations of the two independent molecules are significantly different. The molecules in (I) are linked by C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds to form two independent chains, each containing only one type of molecule. The molecules in (II) are linked into sheets by a combination of C—H...O, C—H...(N,O) and C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds, all of which link pairs of molecules related by inversion, while in (III), the molecules are linked into sheets by a combination of C—H...N, C—H...O and C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds. There are no direction‐specific intermolecular interactions of any kind in the structure of (2SR,4RS)‐7‐bromo‐2‐exo‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₆H₁₄BrNO, (IV), but in the structure of (2SR,4RS)‐2‐exo‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐7‐chloro‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₆H₁₃BrClNO, (V), a combination of one C—H...N hydrogen bond and one C—H...O hydrogen bond links the molecules into sheets of alternating centrosymmetric R²₂(14) and R⁶₆(22) rings. Comparisons are made with the structures of a number of related compounds.     

A structural study of (1RS,2SR,3RS,4SR,5RS)‐2,4‐dibenzoyl‐1,3,5‐triphenylcyclohexan‐1‐ol chloroform hemisolvate and (1RS,2SR,3RS,4SR,5RS)‐2,4‐dibenzoyl‐1‐phenyl‐3,5‐bis(2‐methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan‐1‐ol

(1RS,2SR,3RS,4SR,5RS)‐2,4‐Dibenzoyl‐1,3,5‐triphenylcyclohexan‐1‐ol or (4‐hydroxy‐2,4,6‐triphenylcyclohexane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(phenylmethanone), C₃₈H₃₂O₃, (1), is formed as a by‐product in the NaOH‐catalyzed synthesis of 1,3,5‐triphenylpentane‐1,5‐dione from acetophenone and benzaldehyde. Single crystals of the chloroform hemisolvate, C₃₈H₃₂O₃·0.5CHCl₃, were grown from chloroform. The structure has triclinic (P) symmetry. One diastereomer [as a pair of (1RS,2SR,3RS,4SR,5RS)‐enantiomers] of (1) has been found in the crystal structure and confirmed by NMR studies. The dichoromethane hemisolvate has been reported previously [Zhang et al. (2007). Acta Cryst. E 63 , o4652]. (1RS,2SR,3RS,4SR,5RS)‐2,4‐Dibenzoyl‐3,5‐bis(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐phenylcyclohexan‐1‐ol or [4‐hydroxy‐2,6‐bis(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐phenylcyclohexane‐1,3‐diyl]bis(phenylmethanone), C₄₀H₃₆O₅, (2), is also formed as a by‐product, under the same conditions, from acetophenone and 2‐methoxybenzaldehyde. Crystals of (2) have been grown from chloroform. The structure has orthorhombic (Pca2₁) symmetry. A diastereomer of (2) possesses the same configuration as (1). In both structures, the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation with all bulky groups (benzoyl, phenyl and 2‐methoxyphenyl) in equatorial positions. The molecules of (1) and (2) both display one intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond.     

Regio‐ and stereospecific assembly of dispiro[indoline‐3,3′‐pyrrolizine‐1′,5′′‐thiazolidines] from simple precursors using a one‐pot procedure: synthesis,spectroscopic and structural characterization,and a proposed mechanism of formation

The synthesis and characterization of three new dispiro[indoline‐3,3′‐pyrrolizine‐1′,5′′‐thiazolidine] compounds are reported, together with the crystal structures of two of them. (3RS,1′SR,2′SR,7a′SR)‐2′‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐1‐hexyl‐2′′‐sulfanylidene‐5′,6′,7′,7a′‐tetrahydro‐2′H‐dispiro[indoline‐3,3′‐pyrrolizine‐1′,5′′‐thiazolidine]‐2,4′′‐dione, C₂₈H₃₀ClN₃O₂S₂, (I), (3RS,1′SR,2′SR,7a′SR)‐2′‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐benzyl‐5‐methyl‐2′′‐sulfanylidene‐5′,6′,7′,7a′‐tetrahydro‐2′H‐dispiro[indoline‐3,3′‐pyrrolizine‐1′,5′′‐thiazolidine]‐2,4′′‐dione, C₃₀H₂₆ClN₃O₂S₂, (II), and (3RS,1′SR,2′SR,7a′SR)‐2′‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐fluoro‐2′′‐sulfanylidene‐5′,6′,7′,7a′‐tetrahydro‐2′H‐dispiro[indoline‐3,3′‐pyrrolizine‐1′,5′′‐thiazolidine]‐2,4′′‐dione, C₂₂H₁₇ClFN₃O₂S₂, (III), were each isolated as a single regioisomer using a one‐pot reaction involving l ‐proline, a substituted isatin and (Z)‐5‐(4‐chlorobenzylidene)‐2‐sulfanylidenethiazolidin‐4‐one [5‐(4‐chlorobenzylidene)rhodanine]. The compositions of (I)–(III) were established by elemental analysis, complemented by high‐resolution mass spectrometry in the case of (I); their constitutions, including the definition of the regiochemistry, were established using NMR spectroscopy, and the relative configurations at the four stereogenic centres were established using single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. A possible reaction mechanism for the formation of (I)–(III) is proposed, based on the detailed stereochemistry. The molecules of (I) are linked into simple chains by a single N—H…N hydrogen bond, those of (II) are linked into a chain of rings by a combination of N—H…O and C—H…S=C hydrogen bonds, and those of (III) are linked into sheets by a combination of N—H…N and N—H…S=C hydrogen bonds.     

Four differently substituted 2‐aryl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepines: hydrogen‐bonded structures in one,two and three dimensions

In (2RS,4SR)‐7‐chloro‐2‐exo‐(2‐chloro‐6‐fluorophenyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₆H₁₂Cl₂FNO, (I), molecules are linked into chains by a single C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond. (2RS,4SR)‐2‐exo‐(2‐Chloro‐6‐fluorophenyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₆H₁₃ClFNO, (II), is isomorphous with compound (I) but not strictly isostructural with it, as the hydrogen‐bonded chains in (II) are linked into sheets by an aromatic π–π stacking interaction. The molecules of (2RS,4SR)‐7‐methyl‐2‐exo‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₈H₁₉NO, (III), are linked into sheets by a combination of C—H...N and C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds. (2S,4R)‐2‐exo‐(2‐Chlorophenyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₆H₁₄ClNO, (IV), crystallizes as a single enantiomer and the molecules are linked into a three‐dimensional framework structure by a combination of one C—H...O hydrogen bond and three C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds.     

Different hydrogen‐bonded structures in three 2‐thienyl‐substituted tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepines

The molecules of (2RS,4SR)‐2‐exo‐(5‐bromo‐2‐thienyl)‐7‐chloro‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₄H₁₁BrClNOS, (I), are linked into cyclic centrosymmetric dimers by C—H...π(thienyl) hydrogen bonds. Each such dimer makes rather short Br...Br contacts with two other dimers. In (2RS,4SR)‐2‐exo‐(5‐methyl‐2‐thienyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₅H₁₅NOS, (II), a combination of C—H...O and C—H...π(thienyl) hydrogen bonds links the molecules into chains of rings. A more complex chain of rings is formed in (2RS,4SR)‐7‐chloro‐2‐exo‐(5‐methyl‐2‐thienyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₅H₁₄ClNOS, (III), built from a combination of two independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds, one C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond and one C—H...π(thienyl) hydrogen bond.     

Three closely related thienyl‐substituted 1,4‐epoxynaphtho[1,2‐b]azepines: hydrogen‐bonded assembly in one,two and three dimensions

(2R,4S)‐2‐(3‐Methylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxynaphtho[1,2‐b]azepine, C₁₉H₁₇NOS, (I), crystallizes with a single enantiomer in each crystal, whereas its geometrical isomer (2RS,4SR)‐2‐(5‐methylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐naphtho[1,2‐b]azepine, (II), and (2RS,4SR)‐2‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxynaphtho[1,2‐b]azepine, C₁₈H₁₄BrNOS, (III), both crystallize as racemic mixtures. A combination of one C—H...O hydrogen bond and two C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds links the molecules of (I) into a three‐dimensional framework; the molecules of (II) are linked into a C(4)C(4)[R₂²(7)] chain of rings by a combination of C—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds; and in (III), where Z′ = 2, a combination of four C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds and two C—H...π(thienyl) hydrogen bonds links the molecules into complex sheets. Comparisons are made with the assembly patterns in some aryl‐substituted 1,4‐epoxynaphtho[1,2‐b]azepines.     

Three styryl‐substituted tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepines: configurations,conformations and hydrogen‐bonded chains

(2SR,4RS)‐7‐Chloro‐2‐exo‐[(E)‐styryl]‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₈H₁₆ClNO, (I), crystallizes as a racemic twin in the space group P2₁ and the molecules are linked into a chain of edge‐fused R₃³(9) rings by a combination of C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds. The diastereoisomer (2RS,4RS)‐7‐chloro‐2‐endo‐[(E)‐styryl]‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, (II), also crystallizes as a racemic twin, but in the space group P2₁2₁2₁, and a two‐centre C—H...N hydrogen bond and a three‐centre C—H...(O,N) hydrogen bond combine to link the molecules into a complex chain of rings. In (2R,4R)‐7‐fluoro‐2‐endo‐[(E)‐styryl]‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₈H₁₆FNO, (III), which is not isomorphous with (II), the molecules are linked by a single C—H...O hydrogen bond into simple chains, but the molecular arrangements in (II) and (III) are nonetheless very similar. The significance of this study lies in its observation of the variations in molecular configuration and conformation, and in the variation in the supramolecular aggregation, consequent upon modest changes in the peripheral substituents.     

The Diels-Alder Reactivity of 2,2′-Ethylidenebis[3,5-dimethylfuran] and Exploratory Chemistry of the Mono-adducts

In the presence of Me₃Al, 1-cyanovinyl acetate added to 2,2′-ethylidenebis[3,5-dimethylfuran] ( 1 ) to give a 20:10:1:1 mixture of mono-adducts 4,5,6 , and 7 resulting from the same regiocontrol (‘para’ orienting effect of the 5-methyl substituent in 1 ). The additions of a second equiv. of dienophile to 4–7 were very slow reactions. The major mono-adducts 4 (solid) and 5 (liquid) have 2-exo-carbonitrile groups. The molecular structure of 4 (1RS,1′RS,2SR,4SR)-2-exo-cyano-4-[1-(3,5-dimethylfuran-2-yl)ethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-endo-yl acetate) was determined by X-ray single-crystal radiocrystallography. Mono-adducts 4 and 5 were saponified into the corresponding 7-oxanorbornenones 8 and 9 which were converted with high stereoselectivity into (1RS,1′SR,4RS,5RS,6RS)-4-[1-(3,5-dimethyl furan-2-yl)ethyl]-6-exo-methoxy-1,5-endo-dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-one dimethyl acetal ( 12 ) and its (1′RS-stereoisomer 12a , respectively. Acetal hydrolysis of 12a followed by treatment with (t-Bu)Me₂SiOSO₂CF₃ led to silylation and pinacol rearrangement with the formation of (1RS,1′RS,5RS,6RS)-4-[(tert-butyl)dimethy lsilyloxy]-1-(3,5-dimethylfuran-2-yl)ethyl]-5-methoxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene- 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ( 16 ). In the presence of Me₃Al, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate added to 12 giving a major adduct 19 which was hydroborated and oxidized into (1RS,1′RS,2″RS,3″RS,4SR,4″RS,5 SR,6SR)-dimethyl 5-exo-hydroxy-4,6-endo-dimethyl-1-[1-(3-exo,5,5-trimeth oxy-2-endo,4-dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)ethyl]-7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-ene-2,3-dicarboxylate ( 20 ). Acetylation of alcohol 20 followed by C?C bond cleavage afforded (1′RS,1″SR,2RS,2′″SR,3RS, 3″SR,4RS,4″SR,5RS)-dimethyl {3-acetoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2,4-dimethyl-5-[1-(3-exo,5,5-trimethoxy ?2-endo,4-dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-1-yl)-ethyl]furan-2,5-diyl} bis[glyoxylate] ( 24 ).     

A concise and versatile route to tetrahydro‐1‐benzazepines carrying [a]‐fused heterocyclic units: synthetic sequence and spectroscopic characterization,and the molecular and supramolecular structures of one intermediate and two products

A concise, efficient and versatile route from simple starting materials to tricyclic tetrahydro‐1‐benzazepines carrying [a]‐fused heterocyclic units is reported. Thus, the easily accessible methyl 2‐[(2‐allyl‐4‐chlorophenyl)amino]acetate, (I), was converted, via (2RS,4SR)‐7‐chloro‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzo[b]azepine‐2‐carboxylate, (II), to the key intermediate methyl (2RS,4SR)‐7‐chloro‐4‐hydroxy‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[b]azepine‐2‐carboxylate, (III). Chloroacetylation of (III) provided the two regioisomers methyl (2RS,4SR)‐7‐chloro‐1‐(2‐chloroacetyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[b]azepine‐2‐carboxylate, (IVa), and methyl (2RS,4SR)‐7‐chloro‐4‐(2‐chloroacetoxy)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[b]azepine‐2‐carboxylate, C₁₄H₁₅Cl₂NO₄, (IVb), as the major and minor products, respectively, and further reaction of (IVa) with aminoethanol gave the tricyclic target compound (4aRS,6SR)‐9‐chloro‐6‐hydroxy‐3‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐2,3,4a,5,6,7‐hexahydrobenzo[f]pyrazino[1,2‐a]azepine‐1,4‐dione, C₁₅H₁₇ClN₂O₄, (V). Reaction of ester (III) with hydrazine hydrate gave the corresponding carbohydrazide (VI), which, with trimethoxymethane, gave a second tricyclic target product, (4aRS,6SR)‐9‐chloro‐6‐hydroxy‐4a,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,2,4]triazino[4,5‐a]azepin‐4(3H)‐one, C₁₂H₁₂ClN₃O₂, (VII). Full spectroscopic characterization (IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry) is reported for each of compounds (I)–(III), (IVa), (IVb) and (V)–(VII), along with the molecular and supramolecular structures of (IVb), (V) and (VII). In each of (IVb), (V) and (VII), the azepine ring adopts a chair conformation and the six‐membered heterocyclic rings in (V) and (VII) adopt approximate boat forms. The molecules in (IVb), (V) and (VII) are linked, in each case, into complex hydrogen‐bonded sheets, but these sheets all contain a different range of hydrogen‐bond types: N—H…O, C—H…O, C—H…N and C—H…π(arene) in (IVb), multiple C—H…O hydrogen bonds in (V), and N—H…N, O—H…O, C—H…N, C—H…O and C—H…π(arene) in (VII).     

Three tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepines carrying pendent heterocyclic substituents: supramolecular structures in zero,one or two dimensions

(2SR,4RS)‐7‐Fluoro‐2‐exo‐(2‐furyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₄H₁₂FNO₂, (I), crystallizes with Z′ = 2 in the space group P2₁/c. A combination of three C—H...O hydrogen bonds and one C—H...N hydrogen bond links the molecules into a complex chain of rings, and pairs of such chains are linked into a tube‐like structure by two C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds. There are no hydrogen bonds in the structure of racemic (2SR,4RS)‐2‐exo‐(5‐bromo‐2‐thienyl)‐7‐fluoro‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₄H₁₁BrFNOS, (II), while the molecules of (2S,4R)‐2‐exo‐(5‐bromo‐2‐thienyl)‐7‐trifluoromethoxy‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₅H₁₄BrF₃NO₂S, (III), are linked into sheets by a combination of two C—H...O hydrogen bonds and one C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond. The significance of this study lies in its observation of the wide variation in the patterns of supramolecular aggregation, consequent upon modest changes in the peripheral substituents.     

Two isomers of 2,4‐di­benzyl‐8‐azabicyclo­[3.2.1]­octan‐3‐ol

The crystal structures of the title compounds, 2α,4α‐di­benzyl‐3α‐tropanol (2α,4α‐di­benzyl‐8‐methyl‐8‐aza­bi­cyclo­[3.2.1]­octan‐3α‐ol), C₂₂H₂₇NO, (I), and 2α,4α‐di­benzyl‐3β‐tropanol (2α,4α‐di­benzyl‐8‐methyl‐8‐aza­bi­cyclo­[3.2.1]­octan‐3β‐ol), C₂₂H₂₇NO, (II), show that both compounds have a piperidine ring in a chair conformation and a pyrrolidine ring in an envelope conformation. Isomer (I) is asymmetric, the benzyl groups having different orientations, whereas isomer (II) is mirror symmetric, and the N and O atoms, the C atom attached to the hydroxy group, and the methyl C atom attached to the N atom lie on the mirror plane. In the crystal structures of both (I) and (II), the mol­ecules are linked together by intermolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds to form chains that run parallel to the a direction in (I) and parallel to b in (II).     

(2S,3S)‐2,6‐Dimethylheptane‐1,3‐diol,the oxygenated side chain of 22(S)‐hydroxycholestrol,and its synthetic precursor (R)‐4‐benzyl‐3‐[(2R,3S)‐3‐hydroxy‐2,6‐dimethylheptanoyl]‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one

(2S,3S)‐2,6‐Dimethylheptane‐1,3‐diol, C₉H₂₀O₂, (I), was synthesized from the ketone (R)‐4‐benzyl‐3‐[(2R,3S)‐3‐hydroxy‐2,6‐dimethylheptanoyl]‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one, C₁₉H₂₇NO₄, (II), containing C atoms of known chirality. In both structures, strong hydrogen bonds between the hydroxy groups form tape motifs. The contribution from weaker C—H...O hydrogen bonds is much more evident in the structure of (II), which furthermore contains an example of a direct short Osp³...Csp² contact that represents a usually unrecognized type of intermolecular interaction.     

Three aryl‐substituted tetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepines: hydrogen‐bonded structures in two or three dimensions

In (2SR,4RS)‐7‐chloro‐2‐exo‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₁₆H₁₃Cl₂NO, (I), the molecules are linked by a combination of C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds into a chain of edge‐fused R₃³(12) rings. The isomeric compound (2S,4R)‐7‐chloro‐2‐exo‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, (II), crystallizes as a single 2S,4R enantiomer and the molecules are linked into a three‐dimensional framework structure by two C—H...O hydrogen bonds and one C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond. The molecules of (2S,4R)‐7‐chloro‐2‐exo‐(1‐naphthyl)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepine, C₂₀H₁₆ClNO, (III), are also linked into a three‐dimensional framework structure, here by one C—H...O hydrogen bond and two C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bonds. The significance of this study lies in its observation of the variations in molecular configuration and conformation, and in the variation in the patterns of supramolecular aggregation, consequent upon modest changes in the peripheral substituents.     

Acid-Promoted Rearrangements of N-Substituted 8-Oxa-3-azatricyclo[3.2.1.02′4] octane-6,7-dicarboxylates: Remote Substituent Effects on the Regioselectivity of the N-Acylaziridine/Dihydrooxazone Rearrangement

Preparations of dimethyl (1RS,2SR,4RS,5SR,6SR,7RS)- and dimethyl (1 RS,2SR,4RS,5SR,6RS,7SR)-8-oxa-3-azatricyclo[3;2.1.0²⁴] octane-6,7-dicarboxylate 15 and 18 , resp.) and of their N-(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl ( 14 , 17 ) and V-benzoyl ( 16 , 19 ) derivatives are described. While treatment with nucleophilic acids (HCl, HBr. A^cOH) of the exo, exo-diesters 14 and 16 gave the corresponding products 23–27 of aziridine trans -addition, the exo, endo -diesters 17 and 19 led to the corresponding amino-lactones 63 (methyl (1RS,2RS,3SR,6RS,7SR,9RS)-2-{[(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl] amino}-5-oxo-4,8-dioxatricyclo[4.2.1.0 ³⁷] nonane-9-carboxylate) and 64 (methyl (1RS,2RS,3SR,6RS,7SR,9SR)-2-(benzoylamino)-5-oxo-4,8-dioxatricyclo[4.2.1.0 ^3′7] (nonane-9-carboxylate). Under non-nucleophilic acidic conditions, the N-benzoylaziridine 16 was rearranged quantitatively into dimethyl (1RS,2SR,26SR,67SR,7SR,8SR,9SR)-4-phenyl-5,10-dioxa-3-azatricyclo[4.3.1.0^2′7] dec-3-ene-8,9-dicarboxylate( 31 ), and 19 into dimethyl (1RS,2SR,26SR,67SR,7SR,8SR,9SR)-4-phenyl-3,10-dioxa-5-azatricyclo [5.2.1.0^2′6] dec-4-ene-8,9-di-carboxylate ( 65 ). Possible mechanisms of these highly selective reactions and rearrangements are discussed.     

One‐Pot,Asymmetric and Diastereoselective Four‐Component Synthesis of Polyfunctional (Z)‐Alkenyl Methyl Sulfones with Three Stereogenic Centers

The reaction of 1‐(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclopentene ( 9 ) with (±)‐1,3,5‐triisopropyl‐2‐(1‐(RS)‐{[(1E)‐2‐methylpenta‐1,3‐dienyl]oxy}ethyl)benzene ((±)‐ 4a ) in SO₂/CH₂Cl₂ containing (CF₃SO₂)₂NH, followed by treatment with Bu₄NF and MeI gave a 3.0 : 1 mixture of (±)‐(2RS)‐2{(1RS,2Z,4SR)‐2‐methyl‐4‐(methylsulfonyl)‐1‐[(RS)‐1‐(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)ethoxy]pent‐2‐en‐1‐yl}cyclopentanone ((±)‐ 10 ) and (±)‐(2RS)‐2‐{(1RS,2Z)‐2‐methyl‐4‐[(SR)‐methylsulfonyl]‐1‐[(SR)‐1‐(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)ethoxy]pent‐2‐en‐1‐yl}cyclopentanone ((±)‐ 11 ). Similarly, enantiomerically pure dienyl ether (−)‐(1S)‐ 4a reacted with 1‐(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclohexene ( 12 ) to give a 14.1 : 1 mixture of (−)‐(2S)‐2‐{(1S,2Z,4R)‐2‐methyl‐4‐(methylsulfonyl)‐1‐[(S)‐1‐(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)ethoxy]pent‐2‐enyl}cyclohexanone ((−)‐ 13a ) and its diastereoisomer 14a with (1S,2R,4R) or (1R,2S,4S) configuration. Structures of (±)‐ 10 , (±)‐ 11 , and (−)‐ 13a were established by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Poor diastereoselectivities were observed with the (E,E)‐2‐methylpenta‐1,3‐diene‐1‐ylethers (+)‐ 4b and (−)‐ 4c bearing ( 1 S )‐1‐phenylethyl and (1S)‐1‐(pentafluorophenyl)ethyl groups instead of the Greene's auxiliary ((1S)‐(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)ethyl group). The results demonstrate that high α/β‐syn and asymmetric induction (due to the chiral auxiliary) can be obtained in the four‐component syntheses of the β‐alkoxy ketones. The method generates enantiomerically pure polyfunctional methyl sulfones bearing three chiral centers on C‐atoms and one (Z)‐alkene moiety.     

Preparation and structural analysis of (±)‐cis‐ethyl 2‐sulfanylidenedecahydro‐1,6‐naphthyridine‐6‐carboxylate and (±)‐trans‐ethyl 2‐oxooctahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐c]pyridine‐5‐carboxylate

Bicycle ring closure on a mixture of (4aS,8aR)‐ and (4aR,8aS)‐ethyl 2‐oxodecahydro‐1,6‐naphthyridine‐6‐carboxylate, followed by conversion of the separated cis and trans isomers to the corresponding thioamide derivatives, gave (4aSR,8aRS)‐ethyl 2‐sulfanylidenedecahydro‐1,6‐naphthyridine‐6‐carboxylate, C₁₁H₁₈N₂O₂S. Structural analysis of this thioamide revealed a structure with two crystallographically independent conformers per asymmetric unit (Z′ = 2). The reciprocal bicycle ring closure on (3aRS,7aRS)‐ethyl 2‐oxooctahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐c]pyridine‐5‐carboxylate, C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₃, was also accomplished in good overall yield. Here the five‐membered ring is disordered over two positions, so that both enantiomers are represented in the asymmetric unit. The compounds act as key intermediates towards the synthesis of potential new polycyclic medicinal chemical structures.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,4,6-Trimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,3-diol Derivatives and of polypropionate fragments with four contiguous stereogenic centers

The Diels-Alder adduct (±)- 3 of 2,4-dimethylfuran and 1-cyanovinyl acetate was converted stereoselectively into benzyl 6-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-1,3-exo,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-exo-yl ( 26 ) and -2-endo-yl ether ( 36 ). Addition of LiAlH₄ to the latter led to the 3-O-benzyl derivatives 28 and 37 of (1RS,2SR,3SR,6SR)- and (1RS,2SR,3RS,6SR)-5-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-2,4,6-trimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,3-diol, respectively. Methylenation of 6-exo-(4-chlorophenylthio)-1-methyl-5-methylidene-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one ( 16 ), obtained by reaction of (±)- 3 with 4-Cl-C₆H₄SCl and saponification gave, 6-exo-(4-chlorophenylthio)-1-methyl-3,5-dimethylidene-7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-one ( 43 ), the reduction of which with K-Selectride afforded 6-exo-(4-chlorophenylthio)-1,3-endo-dimethyl-5-methylidene-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-endo-ol ( 44 ). The 3-O-benzyl derivative 48 of (1RS,2RS,3RS,6SR)-5-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)- 2,4,6-trimethylcyclohex-4-ene-1,3-diol was derived from 44 via based-induced oxa-ring opening of benzyl 6-endo-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-1,3-endo-5-endo-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-endo-yl ether ( 49 ). Benzylation of 28 , followed by reductive desulfonylation and oxidative cleavage of the cyclohexene moiety afforded (2RS,3SR,4RS,5RS)-3,5-bis(benzyloxy)-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxoheptanal ( 32 ).     

A tetrabromo‐1,4‐ethanonaphthalene and related dibromo‐1,4‐ethenonaphthalene

(1RS,3RS,4RS,10SR)‐2,2,3,10‐Tetrabromo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐ethanonaphthalene, C₁₂H₁₀Br₄, (I), is the first structure to be reported with four Br atoms bound to a 1,4‐ethanonaphthalene framework and also the first which possesses three Br atoms in exo positions. Interactions between the Br atoms [three short intramolecular Br...Br distances of 3.1094 (4), 3.2669 (4) and 3.4415 (5) Å] have little effect on the C—C bond lengths but lead to significant twisting of the cage structure compared with the parent hydrocarbon, which is expected to be fully eclipsed at the two saturated C₂H₄ bridge positions. Chemically related (1SR,4RS)‐2,3‐dibromo‐1,4‐ethenonaphthalene, C₁₂H₈Br₂, (II), obtained by double dehydrobromination of (I), represents the first structure of any halogen‐substituted benzobarrelene. This cis‐dibromide shows little evidence of steric congestion at the double bond [Br...Br = 3.5276 (8) Å] as a consequence of the large C—C—Br angles [average C=C—Br angle = 126.15 (10)°].     

Two methyl 3‐(1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)octahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1‐carboxylates form different hydrogen‐bonded sheets

In the molecules of both methyl (1RS,3SR,3aRS,6aSR)‐1‐methyl‐3‐(3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐4,6‐dioxo‐5‐phenyloctahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1‐carboxylate, C₂₅H₂₄N₄O₄, (I), and methyl (1RS,3SR,3aRS,6aSR)‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐methyl‐3‐(3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐4,6‐dioxooctahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1‐carboxylate, C₂₅H₂₃ClN₄O₄, (II), the two rings of the pyrrolopyrrole fragment are both nonplanar, with conformations close to half‐chair forms. The overall conformations of the molecules of (I) and (II) are very similar, apart from the orientation of the ester function. The molecules of (I) are linked into sheets by a combination of an N—H...π(pyrrole) hydrogen bond and three independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The molecules of (II) are also linked into sheets, which are generated by a combination of an N—H...N hydrogen bond and two independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds, weakly augmented by a C—H...π(arene) hydrogen bond.     

Concomitant polymorphism in the stereoselective synthesis of a β‐benzyl‐β‐hydroxyaspartate analogue

Two concomitant polymorphs, (I) and (II), of a β‐benzyl‐β‐hydroxyaspartate analogue [systematic name: dibenzyl 2‐benzyl‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐methylphenylsulfonamido)succinate], C₃₂H₃₁NO₇S, crystallize from a mixture of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane at ambient temperature. The structure of (I) has triclinic (P) symmetry and that of (II) monoclinic (P2₁/c) symmetry. Both crystal structures are made up of a stacking of homochiral racemic dimers (2S,3S and 2R,3R) which are internally connected by a similar R₂²(9) hydrogen‐bonding pattern consisting of intermolecular N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds. The centroid of the racemic dimer lies on an inversion centre. The main structural difference between the two polymorphs is the conformational orientation of two of the four aromatic rings present in the molecule. Polymorph (II) is found to be twinned by reticular merohedry with twin index 3 and twin fractions 0.854 (1) and 0.146 (1).