双边缘技术多普勒测风激光雷达标准具的优化

 优化了基于双边缘技术的直接测风多普勒激光雷达中F-P标准具的工作参数。确定激光谱宽后，选择适当的F-P标准具自由谱间距，可正确消除瑞利背景噪声的影响。分析了标准具镜面缺陷、非严格平行和入射光束发散角对其透过率曲线的影响。将标准具透过率函数表达为唯一系统参数，即反射精细度的函数；通过计算散粒噪声极限时的相对测量误差，可确定最优反射精细度以及激光频率相对标准具透过率中心频率的最佳偏置；由最优反射精细度可得到入射到标准具光束的最大发散角和标准具的最小通光口径。     

Metallic nanocavity-enhanced second harmonic generation from a KNbO3 nonlinear nanowire

We propose and experimentally investigate a self-aligned metallic nanocavity that can enhance second harmonic signals from a single KNbO₃ nanowire. With pump beams in the spectral proximity of the metallic nanocavity resonance, second harmonic intensity is observed to be >1800 times stronger than that of a typical bare nanowire under the same illumination conditions. By studying spectral features and polarization characteristics, we confirm that the nonlinear enhancement originates from the locally intensified electric field of a surface plasmon-polariton mode. This simple and robust scheme represents a powerful platform to study single nanowire nonlinearity.     

Evaluation of spectral line profile from relative widths of Fabry- Perot interferograms

A graphical method for deconvolution of spectral line profiles scanned by a Fabry-Perot interferometer from relative widths is described. The relation between the normalized intensity and relative width is derived. All calculations have been carried out assuming that the overall surface defects function can be approximated by Gaussian function, and the contribution of broadening due to the scanning aperture is negligible.     

金属微结构纳米线中等离激元传播和分光特性

本文从理论和实验两方面探讨了具有微结构的金属纳米线系统中表面等离激元传播规律和分光特性. 我们由麦克斯韦方程组出发, 利用严格耦合波近似和有限元差分等方法首先从理论上给出了金属纳米线系统中等离激元的色散关系和能带特征, 然后基于微结构的银纳米线及其等离激元能带结构, 设计并制备出等离激元分光原型器件, 实验展示其将不同频率的光在微小空间分离的特性. 该研究结果是我们前期相关工作的延续和补充, 可应用于构造多功能集成的光子芯片和新型亚波长光电材料和器件.     

Silver nanowires as surface plasmon resonators

We report on chemically prepared silver nanowires (diameters around 100 nm) sustaining surface plasmon modes with wavelengths shortened to about half the value of the exciting light. As we find by scattered light spectroscopy and near-field optical microscopy, the nonradiating character of these modes together with minimized damping due to the well developed wire crystal structure gives rise to large values of surface plasmon propagation length and nanowire end face reflectivity of about 10 microm and 25%, respectively. We demonstrate that these properties allow us to apply the nanowires as efficient surface plasmon Fabry-Perot resonators.     

Magnetooptical Kerr effect in the near field of a nanowire supporting surface plasmons

In terms of Green’s functions, a theory is developed describing the resonant magnetooptical Kerr effect in light scattering by a linear probe that is parallel to the surface of a magnet and placed at a subwavelength distance from it. The probe is supposed to be a metal nanowire supporting long-lived surface plasmons and forming the near field of the “probe + image” complex. The resonant interaction between the probe and the sample is taken into account within a self-consistent approximation of multiple-scattering theory, and the magnetooptical interaction is included in the linear approximation in magnetization. The problem of scanning near-field magnetooptical microscopy with a linear probe is solved analytically in the case where the magnetization is parallel to both the magnet surface and the plane of incidence of light (longitudinal magnetooptical Kerr effect). The polarization, spectral, and angular characteristics of scattered light modulated by magnetization are discussed. It is shown that the magnetooptical modulation of the scattered light intensity is significantly enhanced when surface plasmons are resonantly excited in the nanowire.     

Holographic Fabry-Perot spectrometer

We propose a spectrum analyzer based on the properties of a hologram recorded with the field transmitted by a Fabry-Perot etalon. The spectral response of this holographic Fabry-Perot spectrometer (HFPS) is analytically investigated in the paraxial approximation and compared with a conventional Fabry-Perot etalon of similar characteristics. We demonstrate that the resolving power is twice increased and the free spectral range (FSR) is reduced to one-half. The proposed spectrometer could improve the operational performance of the etalon because it can exhibit high efficiency and it would be insensible to environmental conditions such as temperature and vibrations. Our analysis also extends to another variant of the HFPS based on holographic multiplexing of the transmitted field of a Fabry-Perot etalon. This device increases the FSR, keeping the same HFPS performance.     

Simple fabrication of an antireflective hemispherical surface structure using a self-assembly method for the terahertz frequency range

A hemispherical surface structure was fabricated on a sapphire substrate by utilizing a self-assembly and spin-coating process for a terahertz (THz) antireflection coating. The self-assembled glass spheres and spin-coated material led to a gradual change in the effective refractive index. The aspect ratio of the hemispherical surface structure was controlled easily by adjusting the thickness of the B-staged bisbenzocyclobutene used as a coating. The reflectance of the fabricated hemispherical surface structure, having a period of 140 μm, exhibited low reflectance and low Fabry-Perot resonance in a THz spectral range from 0.1 to 1.9 THz.     

碱液修饰对硅纳米线阵列电池光谱响应的影响

采用金属催化化学腐蚀法在p型(100)硅基底上制备了硅纳米阵列,然后用碱溶液对纳米线阵列进行修饰。分别研究了碱液修饰对硅纳米线阵列形貌、光电性质的影响。研究表明: 与绒面及纳米线阵列相比,碱修饰30 s硅纳米线阵列的表面分散均匀,反射率降低;光谱响应度显著提高,并且出现最大量子效率对应波长红移现象。最后,详细讨论了碱液修饰硅纳米线阵列电池对光谱响应的影响机制。     

Time-resolved spectral analysis of transient processes in Fabry-Perot interferometers

Parameters of a spectrochronograph that represents a Fabry-Perot interferometer combined with a spatial-time analyzer (a streak camera) are analyzed. Using numerical simulation, time scans of interferograms for bandwidth-limited and phase-modulated pulsed optical signals are obtained. The conditions are determined under which a Fabry-Perot interferometer represents a high-accuracy instrument for measuring the timeresolved spectral dynamics of short optical signals. In particular, an adequate representation of relatively smooth and monotone changes in amplitude and phase characteristics of an optical signal in a spectrochronograph requires that the mode lifetime in a Fabry-Perot interferometer be matched to the time scale of changes in the spectral structure of a pulse being studied. The character of distortions formed in the time-resolved spectral patterns in the case where these conditions are not fulfilled is qualitatively determined, and quantitative estimates of the distortions are presented. The results of the analysis and the numerical calculations show that a spectrochronogram obtained using a Fabry-Perot interferometer and a time analyzer (a streak camera) with parameters corresponding to the criteria formulated in the paper enable one to obtain information on the initial amplitude-phase pattern of a light pulse.     

一种新型微机电系统法布里-珀罗滤波器的设计与分析

基于微机电系统(MEMS)技术,提出了一种光栅与法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔相结合的新型MEMS F-P滤波器结构,这种滤波器既能保证较宽的自由光谱范围又能够获得较窄的半峰全宽。从实现机理、参数设计和选择对F-P滤波器的结构进行了深入分析,并着重对微桥桥面的机电性能进行了仿真计算。通过选择不同的微桥桥面厚度(0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1μm),比较微桥在静电力作用下的平整度,发现当微桥表面厚度为1μm时,得到了一个较优结果,在5V电压下,上反射镜的倾斜位移ΔL为9.11nm,最大腔长变化量为242nm,这样能保持前后腔面反射光的平行要求,从而保证滤波器的滤波效率和对选择光的利用率。该滤波器能够解决传统微型滤波器自由光谱范围与半峰全宽相互限制的矛盾,提高微型滤波器的性能。     

Stable single- and dual-wavelength fiber laser mode locked and spectrum shaped by a Fabry-Perot saturable absorber

We show that the spectral response of a Fabry-Perot semiconductor saturable absorber depends on laser beam focusing. We used this effect to achieve stable passive mode-locked operation in a simple and environmentally stable fiber laser by introducing spectral filtering and forcing near-resonant operation. By reducing the free spectral range and increasing the nonlinear response of the Fabry-Perot saturable absorber, we obtained dual-wavelength mode-locked operation.     

Demonstration of a recombined Fabry-Perot-Michelson interferometer with suspended mirrors

We describe preliminary experimental results concerning the operation of a 3 m arm-length Michelson interferometer with two Fabry-Perot cavities whose mirrors and beam splitter are suspended independently by wires. The reflected light beams from the two Fabry-Perot cavities are recombined to obtain interference at a photo-detector; this scheme is necessary for future power-recycled laser interferometers used to detect gravitational waves. The fundamental properties of the interferometer are presented, including the power spectral density of the displacement noise.     

Theory of metastability in simple metal nanowires

Thermally induced conductance jumps of metal nanowires are modeled using stochastic Ginzburg-Landau field theories. Changes in radius are predicted to occur via the nucleation of surface kinks at the wire ends, consistent with recent electron microscopy studies. The activation rate displays nontrivial dependence on nanowire length, and undergoes first- or second-order-like transitions as a function of length. The activation barriers of the most stable structures are predicted to be universal, i.e., independent of the radius of the wire, and proportional to the square root of the surface tension. The reduction of the activation barrier under strain is also determined.     

宏观长Ag2S纳米线簇的制备及其温度电导特性和光电导特性

以固态离子学方法制备的宏观长银(Ag)纳米线簇为基础,采用气-固反应法制备出宏观长硫化银(Ag₂S)纳米线簇.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对样品形貌和成分进行表征.将厘米长的Ag₂S纳米线簇两端涂敷金胶作为电极,并与外电路连接.在不同温度或采用不同波长的光束辐照下,测试了样品的输运性质.无光照时,在144—380 K的温度范围内,样品的电导随温度上升而非线性增大.室温下,Ag关键词： 硫化银纳米线 温度电导 光电导     

Spectrally scanned,repetitively pulsed erbium-doped fiber laser for spectral and temporal multiplexing of fiber Bragg grating sensors

An erbium-doped fiber laser that emits a series of spectrally scanned pulses is used to monitor an array of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The cavity for this Fabry-Perot laser is formed by two spectrally selective reflectors: a rotating mirror-grating combination for scanning the reflectance peak wavelength and a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) with a periodic reflectance spectrum. During a scan of the rotating mirror, the laser produces a set of Q-switched pulses over the 1522-1568-nm spectral range at each of the FFPI reflectance peak wavelengths. This laser is used to simultaneously demonstrate wavelength-division multiplexing of FBGs with reflectance peaks in different spectral regimes and time-division multiplexing of FBGs with overlapping spectra. The spectral location of the FBG peaks was determined to an accuracy of 1.4 pm.     

用同电离态离子的光谱线对测量等离子体离子温度

 利用压电晶体驱动Fabry-perot干涉仪并选择合适的板距,通过测量托卡马克等离子体同电离态杂质离子光谱线对的叠加轮廓分布,给出对应的离子温度。该方法的优点是光谱分辨率高,待测谱线有更广泛的选择范围。     

Investigation of the surface properties of gold nanowire arrays

Gold nanowire arrays with diameters ranging from 45 to 200 nm were obtained via electrochemical deposition within the ion-track templates. The morphology of gold nanowires was imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface properties were investigated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The SPR peaks were observed as the gold nanowire arrays embedded in the templates and their intensity decreased after the sample exposed to the air for a certain time due to the formation of chemisorbed oxygen on nanowire surface. The positive binding energy shifts in Au core level was found when the gold nanowire arrays embodied in template and the initial- and finial-state effects were introduced to explain this phenomenon.     

Photoluminescence properties of a single tapered CuO nanowire

Photoluminescence spectroscopy has been employed in order to explore the optical emission properties of a single CuO nanowire, grown on a copper grid in static air by simple thermal oxidation method. As the diameter of the single tapered CuO nanowire decreases, the green emission of the nanowire gradually shifts towards the higher energy side. A steady blue shift of 20 nm of the photoluminescence (PL) peak has been attributed to nanosize effect. Higher surface to volume ratio and enhanced surface defects along the growth direction of the nanowire might be responsible for the observed PL behavior. In addition, crystallization process along the length of the nanowire during growth to form pure CuO structure from the precursor state may also have some role in observed shift in the PL peak.     

Local plasmon excitations in one-dimensional array of metal nanowires for sensor applications

Optical properties of a one-dimensional periodic array of subwavelength metal nanowires in the regime of local plasmon excitation are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Both gas and liquid sensing by one-dimensional gold nanowires on a glass substrate produced by holographic lithography are demonstrated experimentally. The obtained spectral sensitivity of a local plasmon sensor to the refractive index of the environment is found comparable to that of a surface plasmon polariton sensor based on the grating coupler effect. The influence of nanowire shape on spectral sensitivity is studied theoretically in a differential formalism framework using a curvilinear coordinate transformation for triangular, trapezoidal, and rectangular cross sections of the nanowires. For nanowires with trapezoidal cross section, theoretical calculations for the spectral sensitivity to variation of the refractive index of the environment agree well with experimental data.