各向异性磁化等离子体涂敷三维导体目标FDTD分析

把电流密度卷积-时域有限差分法(JEC-FDTD)推广应用于三维各向异性色散介质——磁化等离子体中，该算法同时解决了电磁波在各向异性和频率色散介质中传播的难题，给出了各向异性磁化等离子体中JEC-FDTD迭代公式.计算了各向异性磁化等离子体涂敷二面角反射器和球锥体后其RCS的变化情况，分析了电子回旋频率对其RCS的影响.计算结果表明磁化等离子体吸收性能更好. 关键词： 时域有限差分方法 各向异性磁化等离子体     

Moment method analysis of charge distribution & capacitance for the dielectric coated tilted plates isolated in free space

This paper presents a method for the evaluation of the capacitance of the dielectric coated metallic plates forming a corner using the method of moments based on the pulse basis function and the point matching. Two integral equations are formed based on the boundary conditions for the potential on the conductor surface and continuity of the normal component of the displacement flux density at the dielectric-free space interface. A set of simultaneous equations are formed from the two integral equations using the method of moments. The total free charge on the conductor surface is found from the solution of the set of simultaneous equations. Numerical data on the capacitance and the charge distribution are presented. The validity of the analysis has been justified by comparing the data on the capacitance that is available in the literature for a metallic structure with the data on the capacitance computed with the present method for a similar structure considering a very low dielectric constant as well as a very thin dielectric coating. Further validation has been carried out by comparing the capacitance data of the specific case when the angle between two metallic plates is 180° forming a dielectric coated metallic rectangular plate for which the capacitance data are available in the literature.     

Multiwaveguide implantable probe for light delivery to sets of distributed brain targets

Optical fibers are commonly inserted into living tissues such as the brain in order to deliver light to deep targets for neuroscientific and neuroengineering applications such as optogenetics, in which light is used to activate or silence neurons expressing specific photosensitive proteins. However, an optical fiber is limited to delivering light to a single target within the three-dimensional structure of the brain. We here demonstrate a multiwaveguide probe capable of independently delivering light to multiple targets along the probe axis, thus enabling versatile optical control of sets of distributed brain targets. The 1.45-cm-long probe is microfabricated in the form of a 360-μm-wide array of 12 parallel silicon oxynitride (SiON) multimode waveguides clad with SiO(2) and coated with aluminum; probes of custom dimensions are easily created as well. The waveguide array accepts light from a set of sources at the input end and guides the light down each waveguide to an aluminum corner mirror that efficiently deflects light away from the probe axis. Light losses at each stage are small (input coupling loss, 0.4 ± 0.3 dB; bend loss, negligible; propagation loss, 3.1 ± 1 dB/cm using the outscattering method and 3.2 ± 0.4 dB/cm using the cutback method; corner mirror loss, 1.5 ± 0.4 dB); a waveguide coupled, for example, to a 5 mW source will deliver over 1.5 mW to a target at a depth of 1 cm.     

On a class of three-dimensional corner eddies

Consider Stokes flow in a viscous fluid filling a corner, of angle 2α, bounded by two infinite plane walls. Assume that the flow is symmetrical about some plane which is normal to the walls bounding the corner. Since superposition is valid we may consider flows that are symmetrical about the plane bisecting the comer and those that are antisymmetrical about this plane. In either case it is shown that for a class of corner eddies, the corner flow is made up of an infinite sequence of eddies asr → 0, wherer is the radial distance from the corner. Moreover, the eigenvalues λ which determine the structure of the corner eddy fields satisfy the same equation, sin λα = ± λ sin 2α, that arises in the corresponding plane case. The three-dimensional velocity fields are, however, quite different from those seen in the plane case. In particular, in the symmetric case the streamlines are not closed and foci, rather than elliptic stagnation points, are the centres of the eddies in the plane of symmetry. These results represent, in this special context, a generalization to three-dimensions of Moffatt’s classical result for planar corner eddies.     

机载角反射器阵列设计

 低轨目标目前流行的类半球状布阵方式的远程角偏小,测距盲区较大。对角锥棱镜进行研究分析,依据角反射器光束入射角度允许变化范围,合理分布角反射器,设计了一机载激光反射器装置,外形尺寸为119 mm×88.8 mm,共有15个角锥棱镜,底面切割成正六边形,底面边长为15.5 mm,底面对边距为26.87 mm,有效通光口径为25 mm,高为19 mm。考虑到角反射器的速差效应及其补偿要求,角锥棱镜最大角误差为5″,面形最大误差为5″。通过合理设计,比较单层角反射器,增加了入射光允许的角度范围,大大减小了低轨目标的测试盲区。     

Numerical modelling of free interaction of shock waves in corner flows

The inviscid supersonic flows in corners between intersecting compression wedges were studied numerically. Under usual conditions, the flows in such corner configurations are conically self-similar. Besides, shock waves formed by wedges are plane and they interact with one another in these flows and the downstream development of the shock interaction structure at that occurs in a region which is bounded in cross-sectional directions by the walls and contracts towards the corner rib, and in this sense the above interaction of shocks may be subjected to influence of the rib. The corner flows of another type with an interaction of shocks not subjected to the “rib effect”, in other words free, were considered. This was ensured by that the corner configurations were designed with a gradually expanding gap along the rib in a way that the reflected shocks arising as a result of interaction passed through the gap without falling onto the walls. This eliminated the influence of a local flow near the corner rib on the interaction of plane shock waves formed by the wedges. The inviscid flows symmetric with respect to the bisector plane of the corner dihedral angle were considered. The computations showed that, in the gapped corner configurations with the free interaction of shocks, if these interactions were irregular, the cross-flow patterns were practically the same as in the original corner configurations without a gap. The conditions for the flows over corner configurations were also considered under which the interaction of shocks corresponded to the Neumann criterion of mechanical equilibrium. These conditions are equivalent to those, which take place in two-dimensional steady flows, when a hysteresis phenomenon is possible, which manifests itself in changing the moment of transition from a regime of regular reflection of shocks to an irregular one and conversely at a direct and inverse courses of varying the flow parameters—the Mach number and the inclination angle of the wedges. The conducted computations showed that a hysteresis is possible for considered corner flows in gapped configurations, but it must be followed by a detachment of shocks from the corner apex and a breakdown of the conical flow structure.     

湍流热对流大尺度环流反转时的角涡特性

本文采用DNS方法计算二维方腔Rayleigh–Bénard热对流.在软湍流区热对流场呈现大尺度环流和两个反向转动的角涡,并出现了大尺度环流的反转现象.连续的温度等值线和流线图清晰地描述了反转现象的全过程.在反转过程中,角涡的大小尺度变化起到重要的作用.对角涡大小尺度变化的分析发现,在反转现象中其角涡尺度随时间的变化出现剧烈的振荡,而没有反转现象的热对流场中角涡尺度变化只有小幅的脉动.对反转过程前后的角涡大小尺度、典型位置速度及角点附近温度等流动特性进行了探讨和分析,发现反转是在瞬间完成的,角涡内速度脉动较小、温度较高,反转前角涡尺度与角涡侧壁垂向速度变化具有同步性.     

新型槽栅nMOSFET凹槽拐角效应的模拟研究

应用二维器件仿真程序PISCES Ⅱ，模拟计算了新型槽栅结构器件中凹槽拐角效应的影响与作用，讨论了槽栅结构MOSFET的沟道电场特征及其对热载流子效应、阈值电压特性等的影响.槽栅结构的凹槽拐角效应对抑制短沟道效应和抗热载流子效应是十分有利的，并且拐角结构在45°左右时拐角效应最大.调节拐角与其他结构参数，器件的热载流子效应、阈值电压特性、亚阈值特性、输出特性等都会有较大的变化. 关键词： 槽栅MOSFET 拐角效应 阈值电压 热载流子退化     

基于灰度差异几何特征的角点检测

为了能在模糊或有噪声的图像中直接检测角点,提出了一种对比多尺度下灰度差异几何特征和搜索局部灰度最大权值的角点检测方法。该方法根据图像中角点位置的灰度差异,采用多尺度圆形检测器遍历图像,对比不同尺度下检测器所得到的几何参数来初步确定角点位置并剔除边缘附近的伪角点;根据局部灰度权值最大原则去除由于圆形检测器的离散性而聚集在真角点周围伪角点,并确定角点的最终位置。实验结果表明,相对于传统算法,该方法能够在对噪声或模糊图像不做预处理的情况下检测出角点。     

Relative energies of surface and defect states: ab initio calculations for the MgO (001) surface

We present the results of calculations of the energy levels of defects at the (001) surface of MgO relative to the top of the valence band and values of defect ionisation potentials and electron affinities. The calculations were made using an embedded cluster method in which a cluster of several tens of ions treated quantum mechanically is embedded in a finite array of polarisable and point ions modelling the crystalline potential and the classical polarisation of the host lattice. The calculated ionisation potential of the ideal surface, which fixes the position of the top of the valence band with respect to the vacuum level, is about 6.7 eV. This value is used as a reference for positioning the energy levels of three charge states of a surface anion vacancy, which are also calculated as ionisation energies with respect to the vacuum level. The surface and vacancy electron affinities are calculated using the same method. As a prototype low-coordinated surface site, we have considered a cube corner. Our calculations predict the splitting of the corner states from the top of the surface valence band by about 1.0 eV. Both unrelaxed and relaxed holes are strongly localised at the corner oxygen ion. The ionisation energies and electron affinities of the corner anion vacancy are calculated. The electrons in the F and F⁺ centres at the corner are shown to be significantly delocalised over surrounding Mg ions.     

On training feedforward neural networks

A new algorithm that mapsn-dimensional binary vectors intom-dimensional binary vectors using 3-layered feedforward neural networks is described. The algorithm is based on a representation of the mapping in terms of the corners of then-dimensional signal cube. The weights to the hidden layer are found by a corner classification algorithm and the weights to the output layer are all equal to 1. Two corner classification algorithms are described. The first one is based on the perceptron algorithm and it performs generalization. The computing power of this algorithm may be gauged from the example that the exclusive-Or problem that requires several thousand iterative steps using the backpropagation algorithm was solved in 8 steps. Another corner classification algorithm presented in this paper does not require any computations to find the weights. However, in its basic form it does not perform generalization.     

最大负荷设计之：角区分离预测与控制

角区分离对叶轮机性能有重要影响.本文根据角区流动特征推导出描述角区三维附面层的等效二维附面层模型,并结合二维附面层分离准则,建立了角区分离判定准则.理论分析表明:为抑制角区分离,应尽量增大叶表吸力面与端壁相交二面角;为抑制角区分离,应使二面角α沿流向逐渐增大,或使二面角α沿流向逐渐减小过程尽量平缓,尤其在二面角α较小区域更应如此.鉴于此,建议风扇/压气机设计中应严格监控角区二面角大小及二面角流向变化梯度,以实现对角区分离的良好控制.结论也适用于其它叶轮机.     

Sharp corners as sources of spiral pairs

It is demonstrated that using the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, stimulation of excitable media inside a region possessing sharp corners, can lead to the appearance of sources of spiral-pairs of sustained activity. The two conditions for such source creation are: The corners should be less than 120° and the range of stimulating amplitudes should be small, occurring just above the threshold value and decreasing with the corner angle. The basic mechanisms driving the phenomenon are discussed. These include: A. If the corner angle is below 120°, the wave generated inside cannot emerge at the corner tip, resulting in the creation of two free edges which start spiraling towards each other. B. Spiraling must be strong enough; otherwise annihilation of the rotating arms would occur too soon to create a viable source. C. The intricacies of the different radii involved are elucidated. Possible applications in heart stimulation and in chemical reactions are considered.     

布里渊区角顶附近的费米面的计算

本文提出在布里渊区角顶近旁费米面的计算,考虑晶格周期场作用和电子间交换能作用费米面电子能级随费米面增加存在一个极小值。以铝金属为具体对象作了数值计算。     

IMPROVED MIRROR SOURCE METHOD IN ROOMACOUSTICS

Most authors in room acoustics qualify the mirror source method (MS-method) as the only exact method to evaluate sound fields in auditoria. But evidently nobody applies it. The reason for this discrepancy is the abundantly high numbers of needed mirror sources which are reported in the literature, although such estimations of needed numbers of mirror sources mostly are used for the justification of more or less heuristic modifications of the MS-method. The present, intentionally tutorial article accentuates the analytical foundations of the MS-method whereby the number of needed mirror sources is reduced already. Further, the task of field evaluation in three-dimensional spaces is reduced to a sequence of tasks in two-dimensional room edges. This not only allows the use of easier geometrical computations in two dimensions, but also the sound field in corner areas can be represented by a single (directional) source sitting on the corner line, so that only this “corner source” must be mirror-reflected in the further process. This procedure gives a drastic reduction of the number of needed equivalent sources. Finally, the traditional MS-method is not applicable in rooms with convex corners (the angle between the corner flanks, measured on the room side, exceeds 180°). In such cases, the MS-method is combined below with the second principle of superposition(PSP). It reduces the scattering task at convex corners to two sub-tasks between one flank and the median plane of the room wedge, i.e., always in concave corner areas where the MS-method can be applied.     

磁性量子元胞自动机拐角结构的理论模拟和实验

磁性量子元胞自动机拐角结构是一种同时含有铁磁耦合和反铁磁耦合的电路. 理论模拟了外加时钟场作用下铸铁磁性材料拐角结构的信号传递. 采用微磁仿真给出了信号传递的磁化演化图, 结果证实了铸铁纳磁体能够实现含有两种冗长耦合结构的稳定转换. 实验制备了相应的拐角结构, 扫描电子显微图和磁力显微图结果显示了成功的电路图案和正确的两种耦合方式信号传递.     

角隅全反镜谐振腔激光器的输出特性

 在高功率脉冲气体激光器中,用角隅反射镜作为全反镜,平行平面镜作为输出镜构成角隅全反镜谐振腔。对角隅腔激光器的输出特性和抗失调稳定性进行了研究,并与平凹腔和平平腔激光器进行了比较。实验结果表明：在角隅全反镜失调角为16 mrad时,角隅腔激光器的单脉冲输出能量下降9.2%,且近场输出光斑没有明显变化;而凹面全反镜失调角仅为0.4 mrad时,平凹腔激光器输出能量下降了9%,近场输出光斑严重变形。在输出镜正前方3.12 m处测量,当角隅镜偏转16.3 mrad时,激光器输出光斑与标准状态时的输出光斑重合;凹面全反镜失调角为0.4 mrad时,激光器输出光斑位移14 mm。经模式仪分析表明,角隅腔激光器近场光强分布均匀。     

Antenna patterns of an open structure mixer at a submillimeter wavelength and of its scaled model

To verify the enhancement in sensitivity of a Schottky barrier diode using a 90° corner reflector at submillimeter wavelength a 651 scaled model of the open structure mixer was constructed and investigated at 2.8 cm wavelength.The results show clearly the advantage of a 90° corner reflector, the reality of the deviations for 45° and 60° corner reflectors found for submillimeter wavelengths, and the equality of the antenna patterns for a 90° corner reflector and a cat-eye (corner cube) reflector.     

Output performance of thermally-insensitive passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser

We study a Cr⁴⁺:YAG Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a thermally-insensitive corner-cube-prism cavity where the corner cube prism is the key element. The corner cube prism is insensitive to misalignment in any direction. We demonstrate experimentally that a laser cavity with such a prism provides stable laser performance under violent changes of ambient temperature and the effect of the laser crystal thermal lens. The laser mode properties are analyzed by numerical simulations. We show that the numerically simulated results agree well with the experimental ones.     

A unified treatment of Ising model magnetizations

We show how the spontaneous bulk, surface and corner magnetizations in the square lattice Ising model can all be obtained within one approach. The method is based on functional equations which follow from the properties of corner transfer matrices and vertex operators and which can be derived graphically. In all cases, exact analytical expressions for general anisotropy are obtained. Known results, including several for which only numerical computation was previously possible, are verified and new results related to general anisotropy and corner angles are obtained.