当前功能陶瓷发展动向

简要介绍了功能陶瓷包括电容介质，陶瓷封装，压电瓷，透明铁电陶瓷，铁电薄膜，变阻器，热敏电阻，超导瓷及传感器瓷的最近进展，讨论了陶瓷学和固体物理以及工艺之间的相互作用和渗透，它们将对功能陶瓷的未来发展产生深远的影响。     

中子活化分析在古陶瓷原料产地研究中的应用

介绍了用中子活化分析方法测量古陶瓷和仿古陶瓷中的微量元素,通过对这些测量数据进行模糊聚类分析 ,可以确定这些古陶瓷和仿古陶瓷的材料来源 ,寻找提高仿古陶瓷质量的途径.Trace-elements in ancient ceramics and imitative ancient ceramics were determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The NAA data are then analyzed by fuzzy cluster method and the trend cluster diagram is obtained.The raw material sources of ancient ceramics and imitative ancient ceramics are determined. The path for improving quality of imitative ancient ceramics is found.     

陶瓷加工中的激光技术应用研究

工程陶瓷作为２１世纪的三大应用材料之一，其有效的加工方法已成为国内外专家学者探索的热点。而激光技术由于是非接触式加工，没有切削力，加工速度快，能加工一些特殊型面等优点，在陶瓷的加工方面得到了一定的应用，并取得了一定的进展。本文介绍了应用激光技术加工陶瓷和激光技术在陶瓷磨削中的辅助应用，并阐述了各种技术的基本原理和加工质量评价，同时展望各种激光技术在陶瓷加工中的发展趋势。尽早开发应用于陶瓷加工的各种激光新技术，对推动陶瓷的应用发展和激光技术的发展应用都有着深远的意义。     

Dimension limit for thermal shock failure

We analytically present the characteristic dimensional limit below which the thermal shock failure of ceramics never occurs. This limit, together with the critical temperature difference, separates the state space of the ceramics under thermal shock into two parts – the cracked and the uncracked. Based on the water-quench tests of ceramics, we experimentally proved that when the states of ceramics are in the uncracked region, the ceramics do not produce any cracks during thermal shock. The results provide a guide to prevent thermal shock failure in ceramic.     

Mechanical behaviour of ceramic matrix composites

Thermomechanical ceramics have interesting properties: mainly high hardness, high wear resistance, good chemical resistance, good mechanical strength at high temperatures and generally low thermal conductivity. But, the engineering use of ceramics as structural parts is at the moment limited by their inherent brittleness. The toughness values of ceramics are between about to 5 MPa √m whereas the toughness values of metals are much higher (from 20 to 200 MPa √m). To avoid this brittleness, composite ceramics have to be used. Two types of composite materials can be developed: particle-reinforced composites and fiber-reinforced composites. In this paper, some examples of reinforcement of ceramics are presented. Two cases will be developed: second-phase reinforcement with zirconia particles or other particles, and the composites reinforced by fibers or whiskers.     

Laser-quality oxide Y<Subscript>3</Subscript>Al<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> ceramics. Comparative studies of its basic characteristics and laser ceramics of a known manufacturer

The effect of sintering aids of SiO₂, ZrO₂, B₂O₃, and MgO oxides on the optimum sintering temperature, ceramics grain growth, total volume of residual pores, and optical quality of obtained ceramics is studied. The best combinations of sintering aids are found; as a result, YAG:Nd (1 at%) samples of ceramics of high optical quality are obtained. An original method for characterizing laser properties of ceramics is developed. Comparative measurements of main laser characteristics of the obtained ceramics and ceramics of the Konoshima Chemical Corp. Ltd wellknown in the world practice, are performed.     

Mechanisms of ZnO Luminescence in the Visible Spectral Region

Existing models of zinc oxide luminescence in the visible spectral region are considered and comparatively analyzed. Experiments are performed with ceramics obtained from initial ZnO powder and ZnO powders annealed in vacuum (ZnO-vac) and in air (ZnO-air). The luminescence characteristics of the ceramics, namely, emission and excitation spectra, kinetics, and temperature stability, are studied. The ZnO-vac ceramics exhibits green luminescence caused by neutral oxygen vacancies. The luminescence of ZnO-air ceramics is shifted to the red and is presumably related to residual lithium impurity. The ceramics differ in the luminescence excitation spectra, time characteristics, and temperature stability.     

压电陶瓷材料在大功率高静压力下的性能的实验研究

压电陶瓷具有许多优点,因而广泛应用于换能器中。但是,这种材料的参数并非常数,而是时间、温度、应力、电场等因素的函数。特别对于水声换能器应用而言,压电陶瓷在大功率高静压力下的性能是人们十分关心的。本工作对压电陶瓷在大功率高静压力下的性能进行了实验研究,并对若干技术问题进行了讨论。     

Effects of （LiCe） co-substitution on the structural and electrical properties of CaBi2Nb209 ceramics

The piezoelectric,dielectric,and ferroelectric properties of the(LiCe) co-substituted calcium bismuth niobate(CaBi2Nb2O9,CBNO) are investigated.The piezoelectric properties of CBNO ceramics are significantly enhanced and the dielectric loss tan δ decreased.This makes poling using(LiCe) co-substitution easier.The ceramics(where represents A-site Ca2+ vacancies,possess a pure layered structure phase and no other phases can be found.The Ca0.88(LiCe)0.04 0.04Bi2Nb2O9 ceramics possess optimal piezoelectric properties,with piezoelectric coefficient(d 33) and Curie temperature(TC) found to be 13.3 pC/N and 960 C,respectively.The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the(LiCe) co-substituted CBNO ceramics exhibit very stable temperature behaviours.This demonstrates that the CBNO ceramics are a promising candidate for ultrahigh temperature applications.     

I-V and C-V characteristics of ceramic materials based on barium strontium titanate

The properties of ferroelectric ceramics based on barium strontium titanate and doped by admixtures with low permittivity and dielectric loss tangent are studied experimentally. These ceramics are viewed as a promising material for microwave devices applied in the acceleration technology. Ceramic samples the I-V characteristics of which contain long horizontal segments are found to have good insulating properties. Various conductivity mechanisms in these ceramics are discussed, and their effect on the amount and character of dielectric hysteresis in these samples is considered.     

敏感半导体陶瓷的显微物理模型(Ⅱ)

本文用敏感半导体陶瓷的显微物理模型描述了热敏、气敏和湿敏陶瓷的电性能。得到了一些重要的结果。这些理论结果与实验结果相符,它们为敏感陶瓷的设计提供了理论依据。可预料该模型可作为这类半导体陶瓷的统一的显微物理模型。 关键词：     

沉淀剂对ZnO压敏陶瓷缺陷结构和电气性能的影响

研究了不同沉淀剂(NH₄HCO₃和NaOH)对共沉淀法制备的ZnO压敏陶瓷性能的影响. 结果表明: 不同的沉淀剂对ZnO压敏陶瓷的微观结构及电气性能有明显的影响. 其中陶瓷微观结构的变化主要由沉淀剂本身的性质引起; 而电气性能的改变除了与微观结构相关外, 主要受不同沉淀剂对陶瓷晶界势垒参数的影响; 此外, 沉淀剂NaOH引入的Na⁺作为施主杂质离子掺杂ZnO压敏陶瓷, 增加晶粒中的自由电子浓度, 因此本征缺陷(锌填隙和氧空位)浓度受到抑制, 而锌填隙浓度相对于氧空位而言对施主离子掺杂更为敏感. 由此, 采用共沉淀法制备ZnO压敏陶瓷粉体时, 沉淀剂种类的选择很重要, 即使微量的杂质也会引起压敏陶瓷性能的较大改变, 应尽可能避免杂质离子的引入. 关键词： ZnO压敏陶瓷 缺陷结构 沉淀剂 介电性能     

Determination of the thermal physical properties of ceramics and parameters of cracks by a laser optical-beam deflection Method

A formation model for optical-beam deflection signals in ceramics is constructed. The generation of temperature waves by laser radiation in ceramics with regard for the anisotropy of their thermal physical properties is considered. The thermal physical parameters of silicon nitride ceramic are measured with a laser optical-beam deflection method. The method is shown to be useful for detecting and characterizing subsurface cracks in ceramics.     

White light generation of glass ceramics containing Ba_2LaF_7：Eu~（2＋）,Tb~（3＋） and Sm~（3＋） nanocrystals

The Eu 2＋ /Tb 3＋ /Sm 3＋ co-doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals are prepared in the reducing atmosphere.The X-ray difiraction results show that Eu 2＋ ,Tb 3＋ and Sm 3＋ ions are enriched into the precipitated Ba2LaF7 nanophase after the annealing process.It deduces efficient energy transfers from Eu 2＋ to Tb 3＋ and Sm 3＋ and intenses warm white luminescence of the glass ceramics. Comparing with the glass,the luminescence quantum yield of the glass ceramics is also enlarged by about 3 times.This demonstrates the potential white light-emitting diode application of the glass ceramics produced in this letter.     

Nonuniform Distribution of Electric Properties in Ferrite Ceramics

Electric and magnetic properties of Li–Ti ferrite ceramics depending on sintering modes and controlled by the diffusion-based specimen-to-environment oxygen exchange are considered. The relationship between the properties of ceramics and the character of nonuniform distribution of oxygen in the bulk of a specimen is determined. A physical model of the processes giving rise to nonuniform distribution of oxygen in polycrystalline ferrite ceramics is proposed. The empirical dependences of specific conductivity on sintering time at 1373 K are obtained.     

电火花放电通道蚀除绝缘工程陶瓷的热力学特性研究

 研究开发出一种绝缘工程陶瓷电火花加工新技术,它是利用电火花放电通道流经绝缘工程陶瓷表面时产生的瞬时高温作用进行蚀除加工的。建立了电火花放电通道热蚀除加工绝缘工程陶瓷的温度场和热应力场数学模型,对绝缘工程陶瓷表面上的温度梯度和热应力场进行了数值模拟,给出了火花放电通道在绝缘工程陶瓷表面上形成的温度梯度和热应力分布规律。模拟结果为揭示绝缘工程陶瓷的电火花微观去除机理、预测绝缘工程陶瓷表面的微观形貌和电加工参数的选择等奠定了理论基础。     

Improved properties & fatigue resistant behaviour OF Ba(Zr0.15Ti0.85)O3 ferroelectric ceramics

The microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Zr doped BaTiO₃ ceramics sintered at optimum temperature, are investigated. High energy ball milling technique is adopted to realize nano-sized powders of Ba(Zr_0.15Ti_0.85)O₃ ceramics. Increased boundary mobility of fine powders aided to obtain a relative density of >98.8% of theoretical density corresponding to ceramics under study. Internal stresses in these ceramics are found to be relieved by grain-boundary sliding. The Ba(Zr_0.15Ti_0.85)O₃ ceramics synthesized at relatively low sintering temperatures exhibit remarkable, enhanced dielectric properties viz. improved polarization, high unipolar strain values comparable to Zr doped BaTiO₃ single crystals of same composition, at relatively lower electric fields and also exhibit better fatigue tolerant properties. The underlying mechanisms responsible for superior dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties are discussed.     

敏感半导体陶瓷的显微物理模型(Ⅰ)

结合改进的有效介质理论(EMT)和敏感半导体陶瓷的特征,提出了一个简单的、定量的物理模型——显微物理模型,用来描述敏感半导体陶瓷的显微结构特性与性质的关系。在本文中,我们把这个显微物理模型应用于描述非线性ZnO陶瓷的电性质,并发现由该模型得到的结果与实验结果和由导电理论(半导体理论和量子理论)得到的结果是一致的。 关键词：     

铌酸钾钠基无铅透明陶瓷制备及性能

采用传统固相烧结工艺, 结合特殊的气氛控制技术,制备了铌酸钾钠(KNN)基无铅透明陶瓷 xBa(Sc_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃-(1-x) (K_0.5N_0.5)NbO₃ (简写xBSN-(1-x)KNN). 并对其微观结构、介电、铁电性能和光学透光率进行了研究. 结果表明该体系陶瓷具有准立方钙钛矿结构, 没有其他杂相, 晶粒大小与可见光波长相当, 高度致密, 无明显的晶界存在. 在 x=0.05时, d₃₃最高可达到110 pC/N, 2P_r达到25.4 μC/cm². 同时该材料具有良好的透明性, 在可见光范围内,透过率达到54%左右, 近红外2500 nm处,透过率接近83%, 是一种有望取代铅基透明陶瓷的环境友好型无铅透明陶瓷.     

基于YAG透明陶瓷制作衍射光栅元件的研究

研究并制作了以钇铝石榴石(YAG)透明陶瓷为基底材料的衍射光栅元件。通过磁控溅射技术在YAG透明陶瓷表面溅射一层均匀致密的金属铬,获得带有硬掩模的陶瓷样品。借助接触式曝光系统进行光刻,反复试验,获得带有衍射光栅的YAG透明陶瓷样品。经光学轮廓仪检测,样品铬膜厚0.072 m,光栅细节得到完好保留。实际光栅的衍射图样再次验证了以YAG透明陶瓷代替传统微光刻基底材料制作衍射光栅的可行性,使得衍射光栅在更为复杂的环境下发挥作用成为可能。