无粲B重子衰变的SU(3)f预言

设想B重子衰变中,构成这些重子的三种轻夸克的强作用很好地满足SU(3)_f对称性,则由此探讨了无粲B重子的二体衰变.以约化矩阵元作为参数给出各种衰变模式的衰变几率,并推得不同模式衰变几率之间的对称关系.我们期待着不久将来的有关实验将可用来提供对这些关系的验证.     

C_2羣和弱相互作用对称性

Cabibbo从几个合理的假定出发,讨论了弱相互作用重子流么正(SU_3)对称性,预言了△S=△Q奇异粒子轻子衰变的分支比,与实验符合得较好。在此基础上,d’Espag-nat进一步考虑了重子流、中间玻色子和弱相互作用拉氏算符的么正对称性,提出了一个值得注意的理论方案,定性地讨论了弱相互作用的主要特点:解释△S≠2和|△I|=1/2非轻子衰变的选择定则;△S=△Q和△S=0轻子衰变的结果估计与Cabibbo的结果相仿(尚未看到详细报导)。     

无粲B重子衰变的SU（3）f预言

设想Ｂ重子衰变中，构成这些重子的三种轻夸克的强作用很好地满足ＳＵ（３）ｆ对称性，则此探讨了无粲Ｂ重子的二体衰变，以约化矩阵元作为参数给出各种衰变模式的衰变风率，并推得不同模式衰变几率之间的对称关系，我们期待着不久将来的关实验将可用来提供对这些关系的验证。     

大统一理论和质子衰变

一、引 言 质子同电子一样,是稳定的基本粒子.它是构成稳定的动态平衡宇苗的根本因素之一.人们通过重子衰变及散射等各种实验,长期以来确信重子数守恒定律.宇苗中的重子数目不生不灭,这是使人们相信宇宙及其物质稳定性的一个主要依据.质子的稳定性又是保证重子数守恒定律的基础. 最近几年来粒子物理的进展,特别是规范理论和量子色动力学作为基础发展起来的大统一理论证明,重子数守恒定律并不严格成立,它具有轻微的破缺.按大统一理论,质子会衰变成一个介子和一个轻子,其寿命很长,约为 1030-1034年.就是说,在一年期间大约一吨到一万吨物质所含…     

SU(3)下的美介子半轻子衰变

强相互作用中近似成立的SU(3)对称性被用来分析美介子半轻子三体和四体衰变,获得了衰变宽度之间的一些SU(3)联系.这些联系可以为了解美介子半轻子衰变中产生的各种动力学效应的性质提供一些信息.     

衰变中的重子共振态

基于SU(3)对称性研究了χc0的遍举多体衰变χc0→B(-B)MM(B重子,M介子),通过同位旋耦合常数构造了χc0→B(-B)→B(-B)MM衰变的跃迁振幅.基于这些跃迁振幅,发现N*共振态对χc0→B(-B)ππ的贡献相对较大,这个衰变道可以在实验上用来研究N*共振态.     

B_2羣与奇异粒子轻子型衰变

在超荷-电荷表象中应用B_2羣对称性讨论了基本粒子的轻子型衰变。将重子和介子分别填充在B_2羣的4维表示时,在10维(正则)表示中正好包含所有|ΔS|≤1和|ΔQ|≤1的重子流或介子流。假定弱相互作用由中间玻色子作媒介,并将它们纳入B_2羣的10维表示中,计算了包括ΔS=+ΔQ和ΔS=-ΔQ两类过程的各种奇异粒子轻子型衰变几率。结果与现有实验材料不矛盾。     

χc0→B(-B)MM衰变中的重子共振态

基于SU(3)对称性研究了χc0的遍举多体衰变χc0→B(-B)MM(B:重子,M:介子),通过同位旋耦合常数构造了χc0→B(-B)→B(-B)MM衰变的跃迁振幅.基于这些跃迁振幅,发现N*共振态对χc0→B(-B)ππ的贡献相对较大,这个衰变道可以在实验上用来研究N*共振态.     

我国学者提出粲粒子研究新建议

 据全国粲粒子物理讨论会获悉,中科院学部委员何祚庥以及张肇西,张长春等,对北京谱仪在J/φ能区之外的粲粒子研究提出多项物理建议,包括D_s和D介子（即φ（4160）与φ（3770）衰变产物）、φ（3685）共振态衰变、粲重子与τ轻子性质的研究.（1）φ（3685）共振态衰变与胶子球产生.何祚庥教授计算表明,同J/φ衰变相比,φ共振态衰变中胶子球的产额将增加1.5-3倍.因此,φ可能是胶子球研究的理想能区.φ的许多衰变道有待更精确的测量.     

奇异粒子的非轻子衰变和层子模型

本文从层子模型出发,分析了奇异粒子的非轻子衰变,引出导致衰变的各种动力学机理,指出在结构模型和流流耦合的概念下,不能用矢介子极点处理超子的S波和k-2π衰变。证明了超子非轻子衰变的S波和P波幅可通过两个代表结构效应(反映层子在强子中的几率)的参数完全表示出来,适当地选取两参数的值就可较好地解释超子非轻子衰变及其他实验。根据结构模型导出k-2π衰变振幅的一些关系,和流代数的结果一致。全文就层子遵循玻色和费米两种统计情形分别进行了讨论,所得结果相同。     

B decays to baryons

From inclusive measurements, it is known that about 7% of all B mesons decay into final states with baryons. In these decays, some striking features become visible compared to mesonic decays. The largest branching fractions come with quite moderate multiplicities of 3?C4 hadrons. We note that two-body decays to baryons are suppressed relative to three- and four-body decays. In most of these analyses, the invariant baryon?Cantibaryon mass shows an enhancement near the threshold. We propose a phenomenological interpretation of this quite common feature of hadronization to baryons.     

Semileptonic decays of baryons in a relativistic quark model

We calculate semileptonic decays of light and heavy baryons in a relativistically covariant constituent quark model. The model is based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation in instantaneous approximation. It generates satisfactory mass spectra for mesons and baryons up to the highest observable energies. Without introducing additional free parameters we compute on this basis helicity amplitudes of electronic and muonic semileptonic decays of baryons. We thus obtain form factor ratios and decay rates in good agreement with experiment.     

Radiative decays of heavy baryons with heavy quark symmetry

The decay widths for the radiative decays of heavy baryons are calculated in the heavy quark effective theory. Introducing the interpolating fields for heavy baryons we obtain the transition matrix elements and the corresponding decay widths. Considering theSU(6) flavor-spin wave functions for heavy baryons, the coupling constants are calculated in the nonrelativistic quark model. Since the masses of the heavy baryons are not available, we have taken the predicted bag model masses. We find our results are quite different from that of the heavy quark bag model calculations.     

A note on Ξc(3055)+ and Ξc(3123)+

The Babar Collaboration announced two new excited charmed baryons Ξc(3055)+ and Ξc(3123)+. We study their strong decays assuming they are D-wave states. Some assignments are excluded by comparing our numerical results with the experimental values of the total widths of Ξc(3055)+ and Ξc(3123)+. We also suggest some possible decay modes, which will be helpful to determine the properties of Ξc(3055)+ and Ξc(3123)+.     

B meson decays to baryons in the diquark model

We study B meson decays to two charmless baryons in the diquark model, including strong and electroweak penguins as well as the tree operators. It is shown that penguin operators can enhance considerably, but affect only slightly, where and are non-strange and strange baryons, respectively. The dependence of the decay rates due to tree–penguin interference is illustrated. In principle, some of the modes could dominate over for , but in general the effect is milder than their mesonic counterparts. This is because the operator can only produce vector but not scalar diquarks, while the opposite is true for and . Predictions from the diquark model are compared to those from the sum rule calculation. The decays and inclusive baryonic decays are also discussed. Received: 27 December 2001 / Published online: 5 April 2002     

Role of hyperfine mixing in b→c semileptonic decays of doubly-heavy baryons

We analyze the effects of hyperfine mixing in b → c semileptonic decays of doubly heavy baryons.We qualitatively confirm the results by W.Roberts and M.Pervin in Int.J.Mod.Phys.A,2009,24: 2401– 2413,finding that mixing has a great impact on those transitions.However,predictions without mixing differ by a factor of 2 and this discrepancy translates to the mixed case where large differences in decay widths are observed between the two calculations.     

Radiative corrections to semileptonic decays of charged hyperons

We have studied the radiative corrections to the lepton energy spectrum in semileptonic hyperon decays. The calculation is performed relativistically for the baryons as well as for the leptons, under the assumption of the effective current-current interaction of the V-?A type for the baryonic part. We obtain the explicit formula of radiative corrections to the lepton energy spectrum which we can exactly evaluate in case of charged hyperon decays. Numerical values of the radiative corrections to the decays rate and the shape of the lepton energy spectrum are also given for some decay modes. It is shown that the spectral shape is little affected by the radiative corrections.     

Joint angular decay distributions in exclusive weak decays of heavy mesons and baryons

We present the results of a comprehensive analysis of the angular decay distributions occurring in the weak exclusive decays of the lowest lying charm and bottom mesons and baryons. We deal with both semileptonic and nonleptonic decays and discuss various decay channels and their subsequent cascade decay chains including lepton mass effects. In the case of baryons we include polarization effects for the parent charm or bottom baryon. We list in table form general formulae which allow one to write down the joint angular decay distributions for the cascade decaysA→B(→b ₁+...+b _n )+C(→c ₁+...+c _n ), for all spin casess _A ≤1/2 ands _B ,s _C ≤3/2 for the prominent decays ofB andC. Two examples involving meson and baryon decays are discussed in detail.     

Inclusive decays and lifetimes of doubly-charmed baryons

The analysis of singly-charmed hadrons has been extended to the case of doubly-charmed baryons, , and . Doubly-charmed baryons are described as a system containing a heavy cc diquark and a light quark, as in the case of a heavy–light meson. This leads to preasymptotic effects in semileptonic and nonleptonic decays that are essentially proportional to the meson wave function. Interplay between preasymptotic effects in semileptonic and/or nonleptonic decay rates leads to very clear predictions for semileptonic branching ratios and lifetimes of doubly-charmed baryons. Received: 21 January 1999 / Published online: 20 May 1999