The antimicrobial activity of the cotton fabric grafted with an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer

An amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH₂) was grafted to cotton fabric by a reaction between the aldehyde groups of oxidized cotton fabric and the amino groups of the HBP-NH₂ to provide cotton fabric with durable antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial activities of the HBP-NH₂ aqueous solutions and the HBP-NH₂ grafted cotton fabrics were evaluated quantitatively against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results indicated that the HBP-NH₂ grafted cotton fabric showed 92% of bacterial reduction to S. aureus and 95% of bacterial reduction to E. coli, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the HBP-NH₂ grafted cotton fabrics were maintained at over 91% reduction level even after being exposed to 20 consecutive home laundering conditions. Several influence factors, which may affect the amount of HBP-NH₂ grafted onto the cotton fabrics, were also discussed.     

Salt-free dyeing of cotton fabric and adsorption of reactive dyes in non-aqueous dyeing system: equilibrium,kinetics, and thermodynamics

Cellulose - In traditional water-based dyeing system, a large amount of salts and water are consumed and it is hard to treat inorganic salts in dyeing wastewater. From sustainable chemistry and...     

Synthesis of an amino-terminated waterborne polyurethane-based polymeric dye for high-performance dyeing of biomass-derived aldehyde-tanned chrome-free leather

An amino-terminated waterborne polyurethane-based polymeric dye (AWPUD) was synthesized for the high-performance dyeing of chrome-free leather tanned by biomass-derived aldehyde (BAT). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ¹H NMR spectra illustrated the successful synthesis of AWPUD via incorporating small-molecule dyes (SMDs) (C.I. Acid Red 14) and sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate into the polyurethane skeleton. The amino group content of AWPUD was tested to be 1.34 wt% (based on dry weight), which included 0.65 wt% of terminal amino groups. The characteristic absorption peaks of AWPUD were observed at 538 nm and 573 nm, similar to those of SMDs. AWPUD-dyed crust leathers exhibited better dyeing performances than SMD-dyed crust leather in terms of comparable dye penetration degree, lower chroma of wastewater, and higher filler-dye uptake ratio. In addition, AWPUD-dyed crust leathers had higher dyeing uniformity, dry-wet rubbing resistance, and thermal stability. Meanwhile, AWPUD-dyed crust leathers had better comprehensive physical properties in terms of higher mechanical strengths, comparable softness, and smooth grain surface. These results suggest that AWPUD has the great potential to be used in the high-performance dyeing of BAT-tanned leather.     

Liquid ammonia dyeing of cationic ramie yarn with triazinyl reactive dyes

Cationic ramie yarn was prepared using a 2,3-epoxypropytrimethylammonium chloride agent. Subsequently, original and cationic ramie yarns were dyed in liquid ammonia with triazinyl reactive dyes (C.I. reactive orange 5, C.I. reactive red 2, and C.I. reactive green 19). The dyeing time was varied from 10 to 600 s with 10 % dye on mass of fabric (o.m.f) and dyeing concentration ranged from 1 to 100 % dye o.m.f for 600 s dyeing time at ?35 °C at a liquor ratio of 35:1 were evaluated. After dyeing, the samples were baked at 100 °C for 10 min. The results indicated that the time taken to attain equilibrium for the original ramie yarn was 60 s and was 300 s for the cationic yarn. The cationic treatment increased the dye exhaustion and fixation and improved the wash fastness, but decreased the degree of rub staining. Pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data. The adsorption process of the liquid ammonia dyeing followed the second-order kinetics. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the experimental isotherms. The experimental data for dyeing untreated ramie yarn fitted the Freundlich model, but the kinetics of the cationic ramie yarn was found to fit the Langmuir isotherm.     

Properties of composite solid polymer electrolyte using hyperbranched polymer with ether-linkage

The cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolytes composed of poly(ethylene oxide), lithium salt (LiN(SO₂CF₃)₂), and a hyperbranched polymer whose repeating units were connected by ether-linkage (hyperbranched polymer (HBP)-2) were prepared, and their ionic conductivity, thermal properties, electrochemical stability, mechanical property, and chemical stability were investigated in comparison with the non-cross-linked or cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolytes using hyperbranched polymers whose repeating units were connected by ester-linkage (HBP-1a, 1b). The cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolyte using HBP-2 exhibited higher ionic conductivity than the non-cross-linked and cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolytes using HBP-1a and HBP-1b, respectively. The structure of the hyperbranched polymer did not have a significant effect on the thermal properties and electrochemical stability of the composite solid polymer electrolytes. The tensile strength of the cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolyte using HBP-2 was lower than that of the cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolyte using HBP-1b, but higher than that of the non-cross-linked composite solid polymer electrolyte using HBP-1a. The HBP-2 with ether-linkage showed higher chemical stability against alkaline hydrolysis compared with HBP-1a with ester-linkage.     

一种超支化疏水缔合聚合物的制备与性能评价

首先制备了疏水单体2-丙烯酰胺基十四烷磺酸,在此基础上又以改性Si O2功能单体为反应核制备了超支化疏水缔合聚合物(HBPAM),结构经红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)表征证实。HBPAM在低浓度时主要是分子内缔合,表观黏度低,随着浓度的增加,分子内缔合逐渐变为分子间缔合,又因其独特的三维立体网状结构,溶液黏度显著增加。与梳形KYPAM相比,HBPAM在耐温抗盐及抗剪切方面有较高的优势:升温到85℃时黏度保留率为62.2%;100000mg·L-1Na Cl、150000 mg·L-1Na Cl、500 mg·L-1Mg Cl2、1000 mg·L-1Mg Cl2、500 mg·L-1Ca Cl2、1000 mg·L-1Ca Cl2时的黏度保留率分别为233.0%、132.9%、64.4%、26.1%、66.2%、15.7%;3400rpm/min剪切30s后HBPAM的黏度保留率为69.8%,比KYPAM高10.9%。在60℃烘箱中的30d老化实验证明,HBPAM比KYPAM有明显抗老化能力,尤其是在高矿化度条件下优势更明显。     

Study on the cationic modification and dyeing of ramie fiber

A modification procedure for ramie fiber using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) as a cationic agent and NaOH as a catalyst was developed in this paper. The morphological and structural transformations of the fiber induced by modification were determined by XRD (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). XRD results show that the crystal structure of the modified fiber was still preserved although its crystallinity was decreased, which was confirmed from the TGA results. The mechanisms for the modification and dyeing of ramie fiber were analyzed, and the optimum modification conditions were determined to be the CHPTAC concentration of 30 g L⁻¹, the NaOH concentration of 15 g L⁻¹, the reaction temperature of 50 °C, and the reaction time of 60 min. The raw and the modified fibers were dyed with C.I. reactive red 2. The K/S values for the cationic modified fiber increased to be three times as high as the unmodified fiber. The dye uptakes increased greatly with an increase in the nitrogen contents up to 0.4% on the modified fibers.     

Synthesis of thioether derivatives of hyperbranched carbosilane polymer

Novel hyperbranched functional and non-functional carbosilane polymers bearing the thioether groups were synthesized. Thioether derivatives were prepared by the UV initiated hydrothiolation of the hyperbranched poly(allyl)carbosilane polymer with 1-decanethiol and 3-mercaptopropyl(methyl)dimethoxysilane.     

Preparation of micelle-encapsulated single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes with amphiphilic hyperbranched polymer

The hyperbranched polyester (Boltorn^TM H20) was modified by maleic anhydride and then polystyrene (H20-MAh-PSt) to form amphiphilic micelles in water. The single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs, respectively) were encapsulated in the formed micelles through non-covalent interactions. The formed structures were confirmed by FTIR, NMR, GPC, and XPS analysis. The dispersion and aggregation behaviors were observed by TEM and UV-vis and Raman spectroscopic analysis. The results showed that the dispersion performance of the obtained micelle-encapsulated carbon nanotubes in water was greatly improved compared to the pure carbon nanotubes. From the TEM observation, the individual SWCNT structure and the uniform polymer coating around the surface of SWCNT were seen after crosslinking. The Raman spectroscopic measurements also demonstrated that for the crosslinked samples, no effect occurred associated with concentration-dependent carbon nanotube aggregation.     

交联聚丙烯酰胺溶液染色研究

采用显微镜研究了预交联聚合物凝胶溶液的染色过程,结果表明由于静电作用,亚甲基蓝溶液中阳离子基团与凝胶颗粒中的阴离子基团相互作用形成一种深蓝色的缔合物;交联聚物线团也可以与亚甲基蓝分子形成深蓝色的缔合物,使交联聚合物线团显色,能够直接观测到交联聚合物线团在溶液中的形态。采用扫描电镜、动态光散射、流变仪和岩心封堵实验研究了染色后交联聚合物的线团形态尺寸和溶液的流变性、封堵特性。结果表明,染色后的交联聚合物线团仍是几百纳米左右的在水中分散的球形体,在形态和尺寸上与未染色的交联聚合物溶液没有发生较大的变化;染色后交联聚合物溶液在一定剪切速率范围内表现为胀流性和负触变性。     

Effect of UV radiation on the dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive blue 13

For the present study, the cotton fabric and dye solution were irradiated to UV radiation for different times. Dyeing was performed using un-irradiated and irradiated cotton with un-irradiated and irradiated reactive blue dye. Different dyeing parameters such as temperature, pH and time were optimized using irradiated dye and irradiated cotton. The data of colour report were obtained from un-irradiated and irradiated cotton dyed with reactive blue dye using spectra flash (SF650). Colourfastness properties show that UV radiation of both cotton and dye powder has improved the grading of fastness from fair to good. It is found that UV irradiation has not only enhanced the strength of dye on irradiated fabric but also improved the dyeing properties.     

Effect of a hyperbranched polymer over the thermal curing and the photocuring of an epoxy resin

In this study, the authors study by calorimetry the influence of hyperbranched polyester Boltron^®H40 on the thermal curing and the photocuring of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol epoxy resin (DGEBA) using ytterbium (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate and triarylsulfonium hexafluorantimonate as thermal and photo cationic initiators, respectively. In the dynamic thermal curing at different heating rates, the authors have seen a decelerating effect when H40 is added to DGEBA, the system with 10% of H40 being the slowest. An isoconversional method has been used to determine the apparent activation energy of the thermal curing. In the isothermal photocuring at low temperatures, the authors have also appreciated a decelerating effect on adding H40, obtaining a minimum conversion when the H40 proportion is 15%. However, at high temperatures, the photocuring process can be accelerated at the first part of this process. This behavior is a consequence of the temperature dependence of H40 solubility in DGEBA, the viscosity of the system, and the hydroxyl-induced chain-transfer reaction. The values found of the maximum glass transition temperature in the thermal curing and in the photocuring, show that H40 is not completely solubilized in the reacted system.     

Postsynthetic modification at the focal point of a hyperbranched polymer

Functionalization at the focal point of hyperbranched polyester was achieved using a series of amines and a postsynthetic reaction utilizing an activated p-nitrophenyl ester unit. An element of dense packing was also detected, as evident from differences in levels of incorporation between linear and bulky reagents.     

Phase behaviour of nematic liquid crystal/hyperbranched polymer systems

The phase behaviours of the nematic liquid crystal EBBA (4-ethoxybenzylidene-4'-n-butylaniline) in hyperbranched polymers are investigated by thermo-optical analysis. We adopt Freed's lattice cluster theory to describe the structures of the hyperbranched polymers. To account for highly oriented interactions between segments, our proposed model requires an additional parameter (δ_?/k) related to the energy of the orientated interaction. Calculated values using the proposed model show a remarkably good agreement with experimental data for the given system.     

Study the effect of metal ion on wool fabric dyeing with tea as natural dye

Aqueous extract of natural dye, tea was dyed on the wool fabric with dark brown for 2% and 5% shade. The tea containing tannins as the main colorant species to produce different shade with different mordant salts. The mordant salts Alum, CuSO₄, FeSO₄, ZnSO₄, Na₂SO₄, and MgSO₄ were used to dye fabric using three different dyeing methods: pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting and post-mordanting. The color of the fabric was investigated on Data Color matching system in terms of K/S and CIE Lab-color difference values. The post-mordanting method gave the great depth of shade of natural dye tea with 2% and 5% shade, it also give good light fastness and wash fastness properties. Copper was found as a good mordant to achieve the best results with transition metal ions effect. Deep shades (K/S = 17.50) were obtained for original sample of 5% with color difference ΔE value is 0.17, as compare to 2% original sample of tea of light brown shades (K/S = 10.50) with color difference ΔE value is 0.50 under maintained temperature at 85 °C for 35 min of dyeing.