基于粒子群算法的汽车租赁短期车辆配置问题研究

合理的车辆配置与调度是租车公司运营管理考虑的主要问题之一,也是提高租车公司的租车率和收益的有效途径。针对目前我国租车公司普遍缺乏历史数据、预定提前期短、租期短、门店间距离短等主要运营特点,本文将租车公司运营中频繁而复杂的短期车辆配置问题作为研究对象,提出单日的车辆配置方法,构建随机期望模型,并采用合理的方法分解模型,选择粒子群算法对子模型进行求解,并用数值算例验证了该方法的可行性与效果。该方法能够帮助租车公司管理者做出正确的决策,在提升顾客满意度的同时,提高租车率和租车公司的收益。     

互联网租车市场的演化博弈分析

通过分析互联网租车市场的出现对传统租车市场造成的影响,以探究通过何种策略避免两个租车市场的恶性竞争,构建了基于Bertrand模型的互联网租车方和传统租车方在合作与非合作条件下的静态博弈,结果显示两者在合作模式下会受困于个体理性与集体理性冲突的矛盾中。因此,为了解决这个矛盾,加入政府部门构建多主体合作演化博弈模型,推导出政府和两个租车市场的演化稳定策略,并对模型的演化路径和演化结果进行研究,以期为政府部门对租车市场的管理决策提供参考。     

考虑顾客使用行为的汽车租赁容量分配策略研究

随着物联网技术的发展, 租赁公司通过智能技术可以实时监测顾客的使用行为, 因此可以根据顾客使用行为设计补贴策略以激励顾客在使用过程中保持良好的行为习惯。本文将租赁价格作为顾客行为的函数, 构建随机动态规划模型, 研究了多产品、多周期下汽车租赁公司的容量分配决策和补贴机制。考虑到所构建模型的状态变量维度较高, 因此提出两种近似算法对模型进行求解, 并通过数值仿真验证了模型的相关性质。在考虑顾客行为可以转变的前提下, 得到相关结论:租赁公司以机会成本作为容量分配决策的重要依据;当所需等级汽车缺货时, 由于低等级汽车的机会成本低于高等级汽车的机会成本, 因此满足升级条件时, 租赁公司总是按照等级顺序进行升级;在合理的补贴策略下, 公司的总收益将会随着补贴的增加而增加。     

Dynamic Models for Sales Promotion Policies

This paper presents several models for decisions on budget and operational details (price-off and duration) of a sales promotion for consuLmer goods industries and retail sector. The solutions to the one-period problem are generalized using the dynamic programming methods to the more common case of a multi-period-situation. Several special cases of the general dynamic programming model are discussed along with numerical examples. Finally, the ways of utilizing historical data for an ongoing firm for estimating the parameters of the models are presented.     

旅游动机对大学生租车出行选择行为的影响

为研究大学生群体租车意愿以及出行方式选择行为的影响.本研究采用自主设计调查问卷,以宁夏银川市大学生为研究对象,获取大学生旅游出行特征数据.首先对问卷中23项旅游动机项进行因子分析提取公因子;然后对因子得分进行聚类分析将大学生群体划分为4类;再者进行相关性分析,筛选与大学生出行选择行为密切相关的影响因素;最后基于MNL模型构建涵盖旅游动机的大学生旅游租车出行方式选择行为度量模型.研究结果表明,旅游动机对大学生旅游租车意愿有显著影响,且不同出行方式间影响程度存在差异.该模型预测精度较高,对大学生群体旅游产品的研发具有指导意义,为进一步研究游客出行决策行为提供了理论依据.     

Mathematical Programming Models for Cutting-Stock Problems in the Clothing Industry

The cutting-stock problem in the clothing industry does not conform to the classical representation of such problems. Waste minimization is only a subsidiary objective. The overall objective is to maximize long-run profitability, but operational planning requires limiting consideration to a series of problems covering short planning periods. This requires a more complex objective to incorporate interaction between periods. Production constraints with unique characteristics occur in the laying, cutting and sewing operations. The conventional pattern-design problem is dealt with by use of a commercial computer-aided graphical design system. The question addressed in this paper is how to combine such patterns so as to satisfy the various objectives and constraints. This leads to both integer and quadratic formulations of appropriate mathematical programming models.     

Cost,Revenue and Profit Efficiency Models in Generalized Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis

One of the most important information given by data envelopment analysis models is the cost, revenue and profit efficiency of decision making units (DMUs). Cost efficiency is defined as the ratio of minimum costs to current costs, while revenue efficiency is defined as the ratio of maximum revenue to current revenue of the DMU. This paper presents a framework where data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to measure cost, revenue and profit efficiency with fuzzy data. In such cases, the classical models cannot be used, because input and output data appear in the form of ranges. When the data are fuzzy, the cost, revenue and profit efficiency measures calculated from the data should be uncertain as well. Fuzzy DEA models emerge as another class of DEA models to account for imprecise inputs and outputs for DMUs. Although several approaches for solving fuzzy DEA models have been developed, numerous deficiencies including the $\alpha$-cut approaches and types of fuzzy numbers must still be improved. This scheme embraces evaluation method based on vector for proposed fuzzy model. This paper proposes generalized cost, revenue and profit efficiency models in fuzzy data envelopment analysis. The practical application of these models is illustrated by a numerical example.     

具周期系数的单种群模型及其最优捕获策略

该文用一种新的方法, 讨论了单种群生物资源的捕获优化问题.以最大的可持续单位时间捕获量为管理目标, 得到一类非自治单种群捕获模型的最优捕获策略, 所得结果包括了文献中研究过的几乎所有单种群捕获模型的相应研究结果.     

中国房地产行业态势分析及调控政策成效模拟

在深入分析房地产供需影响因素的基础上,构建了我国房地产行业态势分析模型和房地产行业调控政策成效模拟模型.并利用模型进行分析,量化研究该行业当前的态势、未来的趋势,模拟房地产行业经济调控策略的成效.模型结果显示,我国房地产市场较为稳定,国家应继续出台具体的调控政策,以实现房地产市场的持续稳定运行.     

产业集群创新能力评价模型的比较研究

针对产业集群创新能力评价的一些复杂方法,以文献中的基于BP神经网络的产业集群创新能力评价模型作为比较对象,提出了两种评价模型:组合评价模型和主成分指数模型.前者将变异系数法和Topsis法组合使用,用以评价产业集群创业能力;后者则是对所有参评样本的评价指标进行主成分分析,以主成分的方差贡献率为权重,构建主成分综合指数,从而形成产业集群创新能力的综合评价指数模型.对这两个模型用来自比较对象模型的同一数据进行了验证,三个模型都得出了非常相近的结果,而这两种模型更具可操作性且易于解释,这两者相比,主成分分析的方法则更为简单易行.     

在线多租赁选择问题的最优竞争策略

在线算法与竞争分析是研究信息不确定决策问题的一种新工具,应用该方法研究在线租赁问题是近年来国内外的一个研究热点。传统的在线租赁问题以经典的"雪橇租赁模型"为基础,考虑在线决策者可以选择购买或按单位时间租赁的方式来使用设备。然而现实租赁市场(比如汽车租赁,房屋租赁)往往提供多种租赁方式供在线决策者选择,除了按单位时间进行租赁,通常可以以一个较优惠的价格租赁多个单位时间。在这种现实背景下,本文建立了多种租赁形式下的在线租赁模型,给出了这种租赁模型下的确定性竞争策略,并证明该策略具有最优竞争比。     

Revenue management for low-cost providers

Low-cost providers have emerged as important players in many service industries, the most predominant being low-cost, or the so-called discount airlines. This paper presents models and results leading toward understanding the revenue management outlook for a discount pricing firm. A framework and model is formulated specifically for the airline industry, but is generalizable to low-cost providers in similar revenue management settings. We formulate an optimal pricing control model for a firm that must underprice to capture a segment of exogenous demand. Two specific model formulations are considered: a continuous deterministic version, and a discrete stochastic version. Structural results are derived for the deterministic case, providing insight into the general form of optimal underpricing policies. The stochastic results support the structural insight from the deterministic solution, and illuminate the effect of randomness on the underpricing policies.     

Generalized Markov Models of Infectious Disease Spread: A Novel Framework for Developing Dynamic Health Policies

We propose a class of mathematical models for the transmission of infectious diseases in large populations. This class of models, which generalizes the existing discrete-time Markov chain models of infectious diseases, is compatible with efficient dynamic optimization techniques to assist real-time selection and modification of public health interventions in response to evolving epidemiological situations and changing availability of information and medical resources. While retaining the strength of existing classes of mathematical models in their ability to represent the within-host natural history of disease and between-host transmission dynamics, the proposed models possess two advantages over previous models: (1) these models can be used to generate optimal dynamic health policies for controlling spreads of infectious diseases, and (2) these models are able to approximate the spread of the disease in relatively large populations with a limited state space size and computation time.     

公共租赁房租金定价研究

公共租赁房租金的合理制定是我国保障性住房体系建立健全的又一核心问题.而当前我国公租房租金定价实践中出现的定价标准混乱、租金设置不合理现象严重制约了保障性住房体系的发展和城市住房困难居民居住条件的改善.针对这一难题,从福利经济学的研究视角出发,对公租房租金产生的根源进行了探究.首先利用经济学模型解释了公租房租金形成的机制,得出了合理租金价格制定的标准.然后结合基于GIS的反距离加权插值法(IDW)构建了公租房租金定价的区域成本综合定价模型,并以北京市为案例进行了公租房租金价格的实证测算及对比研究.最后,依据研究结论向住房和城乡建设部及地方各级住房和城乡建设委员会提出了相应的政策建议.     

财政收支平衡控制模型及其应用

本文运用现代控制论的原理与方法研究了地区（或县、市）一级财政收支平衡的控制问题。把财政收支平衡的控制问题置于国民经济系统之中，运用最优控制论建立了最优积累率控制模型；进而，从所求得的最优积累率为出发点，讨论了财政收支的平衡控制，并建立了相应的控制模型。     

Revenue management model for on-demand IT services

This paper presents a model for applying revenue management to on-demand IT services. The multinomial logit model is used to describe customer choice over multiple classes with different service-level agreements (SLAs). A nonlinear programming model is provided to determine the optimal price or service level for each class. Through a numerical analysis, we examine the impacts of system capacity and customer waiting incentives on the service provider’s profit and pricing strategies.     

Rental price and rental duration under retail competition

Consider a retailer that rents products to customers for a pre-specified rental duration. By considering the dynamics of uncertain rental demand and return processes, we first present a base model that is intended to analyze the impact of rental duration on the stocking level, the rental price, and the retailer’s profit. Due to the complexity of the base model, we develop an approximation scheme to obtain tractable results. Also, we apply the base model to analyze a situation in which a retailer enters a revenue sharing agreement with a distributor. Moreover, we expand our base model to address the issue of competition in rental duration and rental price. The analysis of our competitive model in a duopolistic environment suggests that the market equilibrium depends on the market potential and the rental duration sensitivity. Furthermore, we establish conditions under which one firm will charge a lower rental price while the other firm will offer a longer rental duration in equilibrium.     

基于房地产行业发展现状的数学模型

基于我国房地产行业发展的现状,根据优化与运筹的相关数学理论,采用BP神经网络、灰色理论、目标规划等方法,建立了住房需求-供给模型、房地产行业与国民经济其他行业关系模型、房地产行业态势分析模型、房地产行业可持续发展模型、合理房价制定模型,对我国的房地产行业作了深入的分析和科学的探讨,给政府相关部门制定决策提供了重要的理论依据.     

水价政策对农户灌溉用水行为的影响——基于农户行为模型的理论分析

水资源用水总量控制与定额管理相结合的制度已成为我国水法的重要制度.但是定额管理制度的实行必须与水价政策相结合才能有效地激励人们节约用水,而且不同的水价政策对人们用水行为的影响也可能存在差异.通过建立农户灌溉用水行为模型,利用比较静态分析方法分析单一水价与超定额累进加价这两种水价政策对农户用水行为的影响.分析表明,单一水价与超定额累进加价均会激励农户采用灌溉效率高的灌溉技术或对农户的种植面积和种植结构产生影响并对当地的农地流转市场产生影响.进一步的分析表明,超定额累进加价政策对农户行为的影响更大,但其有效性取决于合理的定价.