HL-1M装置高气压超声分子束加料效果

超声分子束注入作为一种新的托卡马克加料方法,已成功地开发和应用于环流器新一号(HL1M)和超导托卡马克HT7.近期开展的高气压超声分子束注入实验,在束流中发现了团簇流,其注入等离子体深度超过17cm.电子密度上升率接近于小型冰弹丸加料.多脉冲超声分子束注入形成电子密度阶梯形上升,类似于多弹丸加料效果,电子温度剖面呈中空分布.描述了在HL1M装置同一次欧姆放电等离子体中超声分子束与冰弹丸加料效果的实验比较. 关键词： 超声分子束 托卡马克 团簇 加料     

HL—1M多脉冲分子束注入的CCD摄像

HL－1M装置实现了一种新的气体加料改善约束的方法－分子束注入（用多脉冲高速分子束注入加料）。多脉冲分子束注入加料可以控制等离子体密度分布、改善约束性能和提高密度极限。HL－1M托卡马克的多脉冲分子束注入得到了高的加料效率、改进了能量约束并维持了较高的密度峰化截面。分子束加料τE的改善和Qn 值的增加可与HL－１M装置的小弹丸注入和ASDEX的小弹丸注入结果相比拟。脉冲高速分子束是由高压氢分子气体通过拉瓦尔（Laval)喷口形成的。在实验中CCD相机可以用于研究分子束与离子体相互作用的许多复杂物理现象,用它拍摄分子束在等离子体中的辐射云照片是研究分子束辐射过程极其有效的手段。     

HL-2A托卡马克超声分子束注入深度和加料效果研究

超声分子束注入深度与加料效率是分子束加料研究中的基本课题.在近期开展的超声分子束注入实验中，发现分子束注入深度与等离子体电子温度和密度、分子束源的气压和温度有直接关系，获得了分子束注入深度的定标律.在低温气体源(液氮冷却)的分子束注入实验中，发现分子束流中形成了团簇，其注入深度超过30 cm，分析了在低温气源分子束注入实验中的团簇现象. 关键词： 超声分子束注入 注入深度 加料效率 团簇     

HL—1M装置超声分子束流注入过程中的团簇现象

在环流器等离子体中用超声分子束流注入加料,引起密度峰化和约束改善,其主要机制归结为加料粒子的注入深化和密度上升率（注入效率）的提高。本文主要介绍经过改进的超声分子束流注入HL－1M装置等离子体利用边缘Hα线辐射、径向可伸缩的静电探针和顺着束流注入方向的CCD摄像等诊断技术,考察了粒子注入口及注入口附近区域电子温度和密度沿径向分布的变化,研究了分子束粒子注入等离子体的所谓“冷通道模型”及其效应。     

中国环流器二号A(HL-2A)超声分子束注入最新结果

HL-2A装置电子回旋共振加热时,氘脉冲超声分子束穿越分界面,等离子体各项重要参数,包括等离子体储能、极向比压、中平面线平均密度、中心密度和温度上升,中子产额急剧增加. 超声分子束注入有可能较常规脉冲送气在台基顶部提供较强的粒子源,被认为是可供ITER替换脉冲送气的加料方法之一. HL-2A装置氢超声分子束注入的平均速度约为1.7km,与溢流(分子流)注入真空的速度测量作了比较. 关键词： 超声分子束注入 托卡马克 飞行时间法 加料     

分子束注入期间的冷脉冲传播现象

分子束注入（MBI）是一种新的托卡马克加料方法，其已成功地在HL-1M装置上开发，并应用于HL-2A装置。分子束注入在改善等离子体约束性能方面具有很多优点，如形成密度峰化，提高能量约束时间等。在过去的分子束注入实验中，发现了一些很有物理意义的现象。但是到目前为止，分子束注入的机制还不是很清楚。     

强场和弱场侧超声分子束注入对加料的影响

报道了HL-2A装置最新的实验结果,讨论并研究了超声分子束的注入位置对分子束在等离子体中的消融和穿透的影响,其中包括电离后的分子束粒子在磁场梯度作用和 E × B 漂移下的加速或减速及由此形成的冷通道效应.研究结果表明,磁场梯度和 E × B 漂移对于超声分子束的加料效果、消融和穿透有着重要的作用.强场侧注入可使电离后的电子和离子更深地进入等离子体芯部.这些研究对于更好地理解超声分子束与等离子体的相互作用和优化设计加料系统有一定作用.     

托卡马克等离子体超声分子束加料的优化研究

对用于托卡马克等离子体加料的超声分子束系统进行了优化分析。超声分子束的特性、强度及其角分布表明它将是托卡马克等离子体加料的一种良好选择。研究了分子束的空间结构及可能的消融机理。     

HL-1M装置超声分子束流注入过程中的团簇现象

在ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置上最近改进后的超声分子束流加料实验中,发现边缘等离子体的Ｈａ线辐射信号沿大环方向同有序变化。在超声分子束注入口附近区域,Ｈａ信号为长方形正脉冲,类似于分子束注入脉冲,而在远离注入口区域的边缘Ｈａ信号为负尖脉冲。在注入口附近区域,用静电探针测得的径向电子温度和密度在超声分子束注入期间分别下降和上升了一个数量级。ＣＣＤ相机拍摄分子束与等离子体相互作用产生的Ｈａ线辐射强度分布等实验结果表     

HL-2A装置送气和加料的脱靶特性

HL-2A装置辐射偏滤器实验采用边缘补充送气和分子束加料等方法来提高主等离子体密度,降低边缘等离子体温度、增加辐射功率分额,获得脱靶等离子体。偏滤器室内进行主动补充送气或者注入惰性气体杂质,降低偏滤器等离子体温度,获得脱靶等离子体,并首次获得了超声分子束注入产生脱靶等离子体的实验结果。利用HL-2A装置偏滤器同一极向截面内外中性化板上安装的嵌入式探针阵列和偏滤器室安装的电动探针系统,测量了偏滤器靶板上和偏滤器室的等离子体参数及其分布,并进行了相关分析和改善约束以及偏滤器脱靶等离子体运行模式下等离子体行为的研究。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.