高速碰撞问题的三维SPH数值模拟

以刚性弹体斜侵彻厚靶问题的三维SPH数值模拟研究为工作重点。以三维拉氏有限元流体动力学程序为基础，建立了适用于长杆弹斜侵彻问题研究的刚性弹体与SPH靶体相互耦合的三维数值模拟程序。     

基于速度势侵彻模型的应用研究

 研究了Rubin等人提出的基于Rankine卵形体速度势函数分析的侵彻模型。根据该侵彻模型的基本方法编制了计算程序,计算头部形状为锥形、卵形和球形的长杆弹体垂直碰撞靶板时的侵彻深度和穿透靶板后的剩余速度,分析侵彻模型对不同头部形状的长杆弹体的适用性。另外,利用该分析方法计算并分析了卵形头部长杆弹体对铝靶侵彻和穿透的缩比模型问题,用分析方法验证了无量纲侵彻深度和剩余速度相等的侵彻几何相似规律,同时得到了弹体减加速度与几何尺寸成反比的重要结论。最后对混凝土靶板的侵彻与穿透问题进行了尝试计算,得到了同实验基本一致的计算结果并对其进行了深入分析。     

SPH方法在宽速域岩石侵彻问题中的应用

采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法对花岗岩靶板受碰撞侵彻的大应变、高应变率变形问题进行了数值模拟。为了描述弹目材料的非线性变形及破坏特性,对花岗岩靶板引入了Holmquist-Johnson-Cook(HJC)本构模型及损伤模型,对弹体引入含损伤的Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构方程和Grüneisen状态方程,靶板与弹体均离散成拉格朗日粒子。通过自编程序仿真计算0～4 m/s的着靶速度下花岗岩靶板的三维侵彻过程,对比分析了钢珠在不同弹体条件下的侵彻结果,在固体侵彻、半流体侵彻和流体侵彻的区域内拟合了侵彻深度随着靶速度的变化曲线。数值计算结果显示,侵彻深度随着靶速度的增加在固体侵彻区间(v01421 m/s)呈现递增趋势,在半流体侵彻区间(1421 m/s?v0?1700 m/s)呈现递减趋势,在流体侵彻区间(v0 1700 m/s)呈现递增趋势并逐渐趋于平滑,达到峰值。     

高速碰撞过程中应变硬化材料靶动态响应研究

 给出了适用于可压缩、弹塑性、按幂次律应变硬化材料的动态柱形腔膨胀模型和侵彻模型，并编制了相应的计算程序。腔膨胀模型给出靶中应力分布情况，侵彻模型根据腔膨胀模型的有关结果来预估具有锥形头部的刚性弹丸侵彻半无限厚靶的最终侵彻深度以及贯穿薄靶时的弹丸剩余速度和弹道极限速度。给出了钨合金弹丸正碰5083-H131铝靶和钢弹丸正碰6061-T651铝靶的一些计算结果，计算结果与实验结果及二维拉氏弹塑性LTZ-2D程序的数值模拟结果符合得很好。     

冲击载荷下混凝土本构模型构建研究

 在对混凝土动态力学性能和现有本构模型综合分析的基础上,构建了一个新的适用于冲击响应问题数值分析的混凝土本构模型。该本构模型全面考虑了压力、应力第三不变量、变形的硬化和软化、应变率强化以及拉伸损伤等各个影响因素。将其加入LTZ-2D程序,确定了本构模型参数,对混凝土靶板的穿透问题进行了数值验证分析。计算得到的弹体剩余速度同实验结果基本一致,同时得到了混凝土靶板破裂的计算图像。计算结果及其分析表明,所构建的本构模型能够较好地反映冲击载荷作用下混凝土动态响应的主要特性。     

SPH/FEM耦合算法在陶瓷复合靶抗侵彻数值模拟中的应用

在SPH/FEM耦合算法程序中引入了陶瓷和金属材料的本构模型,对钨合金长杆弹侵彻陶瓷复合靶开展了数值模拟。给出了侵彻过程的物理图像,并分析了陶瓷靶的抗侵彻机理。对不同入射速度下的计算结果和实验结果进行了对比,计算得到的侵彻深度和实验值比较一致,验证了耦合算法的有效性。     

基于Lagrange及SPH算法的花岗岩侵彻数值模拟

为研究不同算法对弹体侵彻花岗岩模拟的影响,基于仿真分析软件LS-DYNA中的Lagrange算法及SPH(Smooth particle hydrodynamics)算法,采用Lagrange、SPH-Lagrange耦合及SPH算法分别对弹体侵彻、贯穿花岗岩靶体进行数值模拟,并从计算效率、侵彻深度、速度衰减、靶体损伤、Mises应力分布多方面对比模拟结果,分析3种算法用于研究岩石侵彻问题的优势和不足。研究表明:Lagrange算法的计算效率最高,计算精度高,但存在单元畸变、无撞击溅射、无后坑区等问题;SPH算法的计算效率最低,但模拟效果良好;SPH-Lagrange耦合算法兼具二者优势,但会导致应力滞后和应力波不稳定衰减。在大型模拟中应优先选用Lagrange算法和SPH-Lagrange耦合算法。     

高速碰撞中有关混凝土与沙岩的破损问题的数值研究

对混凝土、沙岩两种介质^[1,2]给出了带有损伤变量的本构方程及参数,将这些关系编入二维弹塑性有限元程序(LTZ-2D),然后利用程序数值模拟了射弹、动能弹对混凝土、沙岩靶的侵彻,并将数值模拟出的图象与实验结果进行了比较.     

弹体侵彻混凝土开坑阶段阻力的计算

为了研究弹体侵彻开坑过程中弹头表面阻力,采用应力波表层损伤理论分析了混凝土开坑区的侵彻特性,并在应力波反射形成层裂的基础上解释了靶面成坑机理,建立了计算开坑区弹头表面阻力的新模型,通过数值仿真和实验方法对新模型进行验证。结果表明:数值模拟和实验与新模型的计算结果吻合较好,开坑过程中弹体表面阻力与速度和弹体头部形状有关。新模型能够较好地描述开坑深度与速度的关系,适用于弹体侵彻混凝土靶的阻力计算,克服了Forrestal半经验法的不足。     

岩石、混凝土和土抗侵彻能力数值计算与分析

利用LS-DYNA3D软件数值计算了弹体侵彻岩石、混凝土和土问题,分析在不同碰撞速度条件下的弹体响应和靶体抗侵彻能力。碰撞速度小于900 m/s时,弹体侵彻岩石的减加速度峰值约是侵彻混凝土的2倍,而侵彻混凝土的减加速度峰值约是侵彻土的6倍。减加速度峰值高则稳态侵彻过程短,弹体能量消耗很快。碰撞速度超过1.5 km/s时,随靶体材料的强度、密度逐渐减小,侵彻深度和孔径逐渐缓慢增加,岩石、混凝土和土3种靶体材料相比,最大侵彻深度增加41%~62%,最大扩孔口径增加16%~25%。     

激光靶耦合问题的二阶精度重映算法研究

 任意拉格朗日欧拉方法被认为是解决2维流体力学大变形数值模拟的有效途径之一。以激光黑腔靶耦合问题为背景,结合质量流的物理意义,提出了一种二阶守恒物理量重映的算法,并利用1维激光靶耦合程序对方法及其可行性进行了考察,结合物理问题调整网格,用较少的网格得到了与较多网格拉氏计算同样的结果。为算法在2维LARED-H程序中的应用奠定了基础。     

水珠滴落的最小二乘粒子有限元方法模拟

提出了一种最小二乘粒子有限元方法,用其模拟了二维水珠滴落水面并飞溅散开的过程.该法基于拉格朗日描述,在每个时间步上使用扩展的Delaunay划分更新计算网格,并应用α形方法识别自由面形状;用最小二乘有限元方法离散流体运动的Navier-Stokes方程,并推导了一种自适应时间步长方案以提高计算效率和鲁棒性;引入网格拉伸技术修正减小流体质量误差.对水滴飞溅进行仿真,得到了与商用软件Flow-3d比较符合的结果,且具有更清晰锐利的自由面. 关键词： 滴落 网格划分 α形')" href="#">α形 最小二乘有限元     

Exponential basis functions in solution of incompressible fluid problems with moving free surfaces

In this paper, a new simple meshless method is presented for the solution of incompressible inviscid fluid flow problems with moving boundaries. A Lagrangian formulation established on pressure, as a potential equation, is employed. In this method, the approximate solution is expressed by a linear combination of exponential basis functions (EBFs), with complex-valued exponents, satisfying the governing equation. Constant coefficients of the solution series are evaluated through point collocation on the domain boundaries via a complex discrete transformation technique. The numerical solution is performed in a time marching approach using an implicit algorithm. In each time step, the governing equation is solved at the beginning and the end of the step, with the aid of an intermediate geometry. The use of EBFs helps to find boundary velocities with high accuracy leading to a precise geometry updating. The developed Lagrangian meshless algorithm is applied to variety of linear and nonlinear benchmark problems. Non-linear sloshing fluids in rigid rectangular two-dimensional basins are particularly addressed.     

Modeling Three-Dimensional Multiphase Flow Using a Level Contour Reconstruction Method for Front Tracking without Connectivity

Three-dimensional multiphase flow and flow with phase change are simulated using a simplified method of tracking and reconstructing the phase interface. The new level contour reconstruction technique presented here enables front tracking methods to naturally, automatically, and robustly model the merging and breakup of interfaces in three-dimensional flows. The method is designed so that the phase surface is treated as a collection of physically linked but not logically connected surface elements. Eliminating the need to bookkeep logical connections between neighboring surface elements greatly simplifies the Lagrangian tracking of interfaces, particularly for 3D flows exhibiting topology change. The motivation for this new method is the modeling of complex three-dimensional boiling flows where repeated merging and breakup are inherent features of the interface dynamics. Results of 3D film boiling simulations with multiple interacting bubbles are presented. The capabilities of the new interface reconstruction method are also tested in a variety of two-phase flows without phase change. Three-dimensional simulations of bubble merging and droplet collision, coalescence, and breakup demonstrate the new method's ability to easily handle topology change by film rupture or filamentary breakup. Validation tests are conducted for drop oscillation and bubble rise. The susceptibility of the numerical method to parasitic currents is also thoroughly assessed.     

基于静态双重区域分解的两种接触并行算法

CHAP3D是北京应用物理与计算数学研究所自主研发的Lagrange通用弹塑性流体力学分析程序.文章介绍了在CHAP3D程序中使用的、针对多处理器集群的、基于静态双重区域分解的两种接触并行算法.第一种是分配单个完整接触面的接触并行算法，此算法将一对完整的接触面分配到一个处理器上，并建立计算域与接触域的通信关系.此接触并行算法的优点是简单，在具有接触面的处理器上可以直接使用串行的接触搜索算法和接触力耦合计算算法.另一种是主面剖分区域分解的接触并行算法，此算法将所有接触面的主面区域分解到所有处理器上.须建立计算域与接触域以及接触域内各处理器间的两种通信关系.该接触并行算法是一个负载平衡的并行算法，具有很好的并行效率和可扩展性.数值算例显示，这两种接触并行算法都能够很好地模拟多种不同类型的接触问题.      

Evaluation of absolute phase for 3D profile measurement using fringe projection

A new method of absolute phase evaluation for three-dimensional (3D) profile measurement using fringe projection is presented, which combines the gray code and the phase shift technique. Two kinds of fringe patterns are projected onto the object surface respectively, one is sinusoidal intensity distribution used for phase demodulation and the other is gray code fringe pattern for unwrapping. These images are acquired by camera and stored into computer. The absolute phase is obtained by analyzing these images. The validity of this method is verified experimentally. The method is superior to other phase unwrapping methods.     

基于空间二进制编码的3 D形貌测量方法

介绍了一种基于空间二进制编码的非接触３ Ｄ 形貌测量方法。它用一台ＬＣＤ 投影仪对被测物体表面进行空间编码,再用一台ＣＣＤ 摄像机获取物体编码信息,最后用三角法原理从摄像机图像中获取三维形貌数据。提出了基于三角法的空间二进制码的重要特性,描述了高效编码的构造方法。用这个构造方法构造出一个完全数字化的７ 位字长的二进制编码。基于这种编码的３ Ｄ 形貌测量方法在被测物体表面非常不连续和非构造的环境下取得了良好的测量结果。     

聚能装药侵彻混凝土靶板的数值模拟

将MEPH2Y程序和LTZ-2D程序衔接在一起,应用于分析射流、射弹对混凝土靶板的侵彻问题.模拟射流对混凝土靶板的侵彻以及靶板的损伤破坏情况,计算结果与实验结果符合得较好.     

模拟冲击波传播规律的自由拉氏法

 介绍了模拟可压缩流体运动规律的自由拉氏法，编制了一维程序，对激波管问题和飞片打靶问题进行了数值模拟，并将数值结果与传统拉氏方法的结果进行了比较。     

An adaptive method for computing invariant manifolds in non-autonomous, three-dimensional dynamical systems

We present a computational method for determining the geometry of a class of three-dimensional invariant manifolds in non-autonomous (aperiodically time-dependent) dynamical systems. The presented approach can be also applied to analyse the geometry of 3D invariant manifolds in three-dimensional, time-dependent fluid flows. The invariance property of such manifolds requires that, at any fixed time, they are given by surfaces in R³. We focus on a class of manifolds whose instantaneous geometry is given by orientable surfaces embedded in R³. The presented technique can be employed, in particular, to compute codimension one (invariant) stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic trajectories in 3D non-autonomous dynamical systems which are crucial in the Lagrangian transport analysis. The same approach can also be used to determine evolution of an orientable ‘material surface’ in a fluid flow. These developments represent the first step towards a non-trivial 3D extension of the so-called lobe dynamics — a geometric, invariant-manifold-based framework which has been very successful in the analysis of Lagrangian transport in unsteady, two-dimensional fluid flows. In the developed algorithm, the instantaneous geometry of an invariant manifold is represented by an adaptively evolving triangular mesh with piecewise C² interpolating functions. The method employs an automatic mesh refinement which is coupled with adaptive vertex redistribution. A variant of the advancing front technique is used for remeshing, whenever necessary. Such an approach allows for computationally efficient determination of highly convoluted, evolving geometry of codimension one invariant manifolds in unsteady three-dimensional flows. We show that the developed method is capable of providing detailed information on the evolving Lagrangian flow structure in three dimensions over long periods of time, which is crucial for a meaningful 3D transport analysis.