溶剂热方法合成Cu2ZnSnS4空心球

以氯化亚铜,硝酸锌,氯化锡和硫脲作为反应前驱体,聚乙二醇作为模板,利用溶剂热方法合成Cu₂ZnSnS₄中空球。其中,聚乙二醇对于产物的最终形成起到关键作用。文章讨论了Cu₂ZnSnS₄中空球的生长机制,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、场发射电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDX)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)、选区电子衍射谱(SAED)和紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)等技术对样品的微结构以及光学性质进行了表征和分析。结果显示Cu₂ZnSnS₄中空球为四方晶体,尺寸为600 nm。其禁带宽度为1.52 eV,适用于制作光伏器件。     

溶剂热方法合成Cu2ZnSnS4空心球

以氯化亚铜,硝酸锌,氯化锡和硫脲作为反应前驱体,聚乙二醇作为模板,利用溶剂热方法合成Cu₂ZnSnS₄中空球。其中,聚乙二醇对于产物的最终形成起到关键作用。文章讨论了Cu₂ZnSnS₄中空球的生长机制,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、场发射电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDX)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)、选区电子衍射谱(SAED)和紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)等技术对样品的微结构以及光学性质进行了表征和分析。结果显示Cu₂ZnSnS₄中空球为四方晶体,尺寸为600 nm。其禁带宽度为1.52 eV,适用于制作光伏器件。     

棒状CuFe4Ox的可控合成及其异戊醇脱氢反应的催化性能

利用液相沉淀法可控合成了均匀的棒状CuFe₄O_x催化剂。通过原位X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（TEM）及程序升温还原（TPR）等手段表征其晶相结构、形貌和还原性能。通过还原棒状CuFe₄O_x获得Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 纳米棒,原位X射线光电子能谱（XPS）用于确定Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 表面的相组成。通过液相沉淀法制备棒状CuFe₄O_x,在120℃保持3 h后加入Na₂CO₃溶液至pH等于9时所得棒状形貌最为规整。以异戊醇脱氢反应作为探针反应,比较了Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 纳米棒和Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 纳米颗粒的催化反应性能,发现Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 纳米棒比Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ 纳米粒子具有更好的活性和稳定性,表明棒状Fe₃O₄ 担载的Cu纳米粒子具有更好的结构稳定性。     

棒状CuFe4Ox的可控合成及其异戊醇脱氢反应的催化性能

利用液相沉淀法可控合成了均匀的棒状CuFe₄O_x催化剂。通过原位X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（TEM）及程序升温还原（TPR）等手段表征其晶相结构、形貌和还原性能。通过还原棒状CuFe₄O_x获得Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄纳米棒,原位X射线光电子能谱（XPS）用于确定Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄表面的相组成。通过液相沉淀法制备棒状CuFe₄O_x,在120℃保持3 h后加入Na₂CO₃溶液至pH等于9时所得棒状形貌最为规整。以异戊醇脱氢反应作为探针反应,比较了Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄纳米棒和Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的催化反应性能,发现Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄纳米棒比Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄纳米粒子具有更好的活性和稳定性,表明棒状Fe₃O₄担载的Cu纳米粒子具有更好的结构稳定性。     

预处理气氛对CuO/CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂表面性质及“NO+CO”反应性能的影响

用不同的预处理气氛制备了CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃载体以调节表面Ce的价态,并以Cu(CH₃COO)₂为前驱体制备了CuCeAl催化剂。XRD和H₂-TPR的结果表明在还原气氛下处理的CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃载体具有更多的活性氧原子,因此相应的CuCeAl催化剂表面有更多分散态的Cu²⁺/Cu⁺物种。NO+CO反应的结果表明分散态的Cu²⁺/Cu⁺是NO转化的活性物质,而Cu⁰在低温下具有较好的N₂选择性。因此,同时含有分散态Cu²⁺/Cu⁺和少量晶相Cu⁰的催化剂具有最好的催化性能。     

脉冲沉积制备Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结的可见光光催化性能

在用阳极氧化法制备有序排列TiO₂纳米管阵列薄膜的基础上,引入脉冲沉积工艺,成功实现了均匀、弥散分布的Cu₂O纳米颗粒修饰改性TiO₂纳米管阵列,形成Cu₂O/TiO₂ 纳米管异质结复合材料. 利用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、场发射透射电镜（FETEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）对样品进行表征,重点研究了Cu₂O/TiO₂ 纳米管异质结的光电化学特性和对甲基橙（MO）的可见光催化降解性能. 结果表明,Cu₂O纳米颗粒均匀附着在TiO₂纳米管阵列的管口和中部位置,所制备的Cu₂O/TiO₂ 纳米管异质结具有高效的可见光光催化性能;在浓度为0.01 mol·L^-1的CuSO₄溶液中制得的Cu₂O/TiO₂纳米管异质结表现出最好的电化学特性和光催化性能;另外,对Cu₂O纳米颗粒影响光催化活性的机理进行了讨论.     

Cu2O立方体的快速制备及模板法制备CuxS纳米笼子

首先以NaBH₄作为强还原剂在CuSO₄溶液中快速形成Cu₂O晶核, 然后以葡萄糖为温和的还原剂和保护剂, 由晶核生长成Cu₂O立方体, 并以其为模板制备中空的球状Cu_xS纳米笼子. 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计对产物进行表征. 葡萄糖和铜盐的物质的量的比、加热状况、pH等反应条件影响Cu₂O的形貌. Cu_xS纳米笼子的外壳厚度由参与反应的Cu₂O和Na₂S的物质的量的比决定.     

Z型Ag-Cu2O/BiVO4光催化剂的光催化还原CO2性能

利用简单的化学还原沉积法将 Cu₂O纳米球和 Ag纳米颗粒均匀包裹在十面体 BiVO₄表面,成功构建了一种具有高效电荷载流子分离/转移特性的Z型异质结光催化剂Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄。Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄在可见光下光催化CO₂还原为CO的产率可达5.37 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,分别是纯 BiVO₄和 Cu₂O的 35.80倍和 6.30倍。通过 X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、光致发光(PL)光谱、瞬态光电流响应(TPC)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对 Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄的晶体结构、形貌、组成、能带结构和吸光能力等进行了系统表征分析,并提出了其光催化体系还原CO₂的催化机理。     

Z型Ag-Cu2O/BiVO4光催化剂的光催化还原CO2性能

利用简单的化学还原沉积法将Cu₂O纳米球和Ag纳米颗粒均匀包裹在十面体BiVO₄表面,成功构建了一种具有高效电荷载流子分离/转移特性的Z型异质结光催化剂Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄。Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄在可见光下光催化CO₂还原为CO的产率可达5.37 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,分别是纯BiVO₄和Cu₂O的35.8倍和6.25倍。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、光致发光(PL)光谱、瞬态光电流响应(TPC)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对Ag-Cu₂O/BiVO₄的晶体结构、形貌、组成、能带结构和吸光能力等进行了系统表征分析,并提出了其光催化体系还原CO₂的催化机理。     

TiO2/Cu2O/Pt复合空心微球的制备及其光催化性能

以锐钛矿相TiO₂溶胶为基底,采用沉淀法和液相沉积法制备了TiO₂/Cu₂O/Pt复合空心微球,通过改变n_Ti⁴⁺∶ n_Cu²⁺和H₂PtCl₆·6 H₂O溶液的加入量对TiO₂的形貌和结构进行调控,采用不同的方法对不同样品的物相及结构、微观形貌和光学性能进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,复合材料中Pt与Cu₂O的引入产生协同效应,不仅在一定程度上阻止了电子-空穴的复合,还降低了禁带宽度,在可见光区域光吸收明显增强。与TiO₂、Cu₂O和TiO₂/Cu₂O光催化剂相比较,TiO₂/Cu₂O/Pt降解有机污染物的能力显著增强,首次光照120 min可降解93%的甲基橙(MO)溶液,4次循环后降解率为71%,具有良好的光催化稳定性能。     

Cu2SnSe3-Ag纳米复合物的合成及其热电性质研究

采用Schlenk line技术,通过一种简单的硒源热注射的方法合成了Cu_2SnSe_3(CTSe)纳米晶,同时采用胶体法得到了单分散性极好的、粒径为4nm左右的Ag纳米颗粒(Ag NPs),之后通过简单的滴加法向CTSe纳米晶基质中掺入了特定比例的Ag NPs,得到CTSe-Ag纳米复合物。通过X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜、红外光谱和热重分析等表征了样品的组成、结构和形貌。同时对合成样品的热电性质进行了研究,相关的测试结果表明,以CTSe为基体掺杂AgNPs的样品中,CTSe-1(mol)%Ag具有最佳的热电优值(ZT=0.23,655K),相较纯相CTSe(ZT=0.18,655K)提高了27%。     

Synthesis and assembly of monodisperse spherical Cu2S nanocrystals

High-quality monodisperse Cu₂S nanocrystals (sizes from 2 nm to 20 nm) have been successfully synthesized by the reaction of copper stearate (CuSt₂) and dodecanethiol (DDT) in 1-octadecene (ODE). The nanocrystals were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These as-prepared Cu₂S nanocrystals with certain sizes have been found with good self-assembly behaviors, and they were easily to assemble into two-dimensional and three-dimensional superlattice structures. DDT served as both sulfur source and capping ligand, and was found a key factor to affect the growth and the self-assembly behaviors of the Cu₂S nanocrystals.     

可控粒径纳米Fe_3O_4的制备及其磁性研究

本文用空气氧化法,在可见光作用下,添加配合剂(EDTA、柠檬酸、酒石酸、谷氨酸)在室温进行了不同粒径纳米Fe3O4的制备及其磁性能研究。结果表明:在可见光作用下,随EDTA、柠檬酸、酒石酸、谷氨酸等配合剂的添加,得到纳米Fe3O4的粒径有所减小、分散性有所提高;配合剂及可见光共存时,体系反应速率得到提高,高的反应速率使纳米Fe3O4晶粒减小;控制适当的光照度和添加剂的量,室温可得到11.8~29.6nm的Fe3O4颗粒。不同粒径纳米Fe3O4分别呈现出超顺磁性、铁磁性特征。     

Rapid Synthesis of Nanocrystalline TiO2/SnO2 Binary Oxides and Their Photoinduced Decomposition of Methyl Orange

A rapid and simple method, the so-called stearic acid method (SAM) was developed to prepare nanostructured TiO₂/SnO₂ binary oxides by combustion of stearic acid precursors. The preparative process was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). During the preparative process, metal precursors were dispersed in stearic acid at molecular level. Microstructure of the samples was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET specific surface area measurement and the results were compared with those obtained by conventional sol-gel method. The photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange was used as a model system to determine the relative influences of the preparation method and the concentration of SnO₂ on the photocatalytic activities. It was found that preparative methods affected the crystalline structure of TiO₂/SnO₂ powders and the anatase phase of TiO₂ was stabilized by the addition of SnO₂ in SAM. The samples prepared by SAM showed better dispersity, larger specific surface area and the TiO₂/SnO₂ (r=0.15, SAM) catalyst showed higher photocatalytic activity than Degussa P25.     

A novel germanate, Cu2Fe2Ge4O13, with a four tetrahedra oligomer

The structure of Cu₂Fe₂Ge₄O₁₃, previously thought to be CuFeGe₂O₆, has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to be monoclinic, P2₁/m, a=12.1050(6), b=8.5073(4), c=4.8736(2) Å, β=96.145(1)°, Z=2, with R1=0.0231 and wR2=0.0605. The unique structure has an oligomer of four germanate tetrahedra, cross-linked laterally by square-planar copper ions, joined end-to-end by a zigzag chain of edge-sharing iron oxide octahedra. Running along the a-direction the metal oxide chain consists of alternating Cu-Cu and Fe-Fe dimers. A hypothetical series of homologous structures (Cu_n−2Fe₂Ge_nO_3n+1 with n=3,4,…,∞) with different length germanate oligomers is proposed, where as n increases, the infinite chain of the CuGeO₃ is approached. In this context, Cu₂Fe₂Ge₄O₁₃ is viewed as being built from blocks of CuGeO₃ and the Fe oxide chains. This material has significance to the study of low-dimensional mixed-spin systems.     

Cu2ZnSnS4纳米晶微球的制备及其表征

以乙二醇为溶剂,采用溶剂热法合成出由纳米晶组装而成的Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)微球。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对所得微球的结构与成分、颗粒大小与形貌和光学性质进行了测试分析。研究结果表明:溶剂热法制得的CZTS粉体具有四方晶相结构,微球由纳米晶组装而成,对可见光有良好的吸收;随着反应时间的增加,颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,且对形貌有一定影响;此外,文中还对CZTS微球的形成机理做了推测。     

Synthesis, structure and electrical properties of Cu3.21Ti1.16Nb2.63O12 and the CuOx-TiO2-Nb2O5 pseudoternary phase diagram

Subsolidus phase relations in the CuO_x-TiO₂-Nb₂O₅ system were determined at 935 °C. The phase diagram contains one new phase, Cu_3.21Ti_1.16Nb_2.63O₁₂ (CTNO) and one rutile-structured solid solution series, Ti_1−3xCu_xNb_2xO₂: 0<x<0.2335 (35). The crystal structure of CTNO is similar to that of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) with square planar Cu²⁺ but with A site vacancies and a disordered mixture of Cu⁺, Ti⁴⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ on the octahedral sites. It is a modest semiconductor with relative permittivity ∼63 and displays non-Arrhenius conductivity behavior that is essentially temperature-independent at the lowest temperatures.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, infrared and Raman spectra of Sr4Cu3(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)4·3H2O and Ba2Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)3

The two new compounds, Sr₄Cu₃(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₄·3H₂O (1) and Ba₂Cu₄(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₃(2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. They represent previously unknown structure types and are the first compounds synthesized in the systems SrO/BaO-CuO-As₂O₅-H₂O. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [space group C2/c, a=18.536(4) Å, b=5.179(1) Å, c=24.898(5) Å, β=93.67(3)°, V=2344.0(8) Å³, Z=4 for 1; space group P4₂/n, a=7.775(1) Å, c=13.698(3) Å, V=828.1(2) Å³, Z=2 for 2]. The crystal structure of 1 is related to a group of compounds formed by Cu²⁺-(XO₄)³⁻ layers (X=P⁵⁺, As⁵⁺) linked by M cations (M=alkali, alkaline earth, Pb²⁺, or Ag⁺) and partly by hydrogen bonds. In 1, worth mentioning is the very short hydrogen bond length, D···A=2.477(3) Å. It is one of the examples of extremely short hydrogen bonds, where the donor and acceptor are crystallographically different. Compound 2 represents a layered structure consisting of Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers crosslinked by As1φ₄ tetrahedra, where φ is O or OH, which are interconnected by Ba, As2 and hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. The layers are formed by Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers of CuO₅ edge-sharing polyhedra, crosslinked by As1O₄ tetrahedra. Vibrational spectra (FTIR and Raman) of both compounds are described. The spectroscopic manifestation of the very short hydrogen bond in 1, and ABC-like spectra in 2 were discussed.