利用夏皮罗台阶估算微波功率的方法及影响因素探究

将微波辐照到约瑟夫森结上,在结的电流电压(I-U)关系曲线中产生夏皮罗台阶。从0开始逐步增加微波功率到某一值,每一个微波功率和第0、1、2阶夏皮罗台阶高度组成的高度矩阵具有一一对应的关系。根据这个对应关系提出了一种估算微波功率的方法。在此研究基础上,分别利用电阻分流(RSJ)模型和电阻电容分流(RCSJ)模型研究约瑟夫森结中常态电阻和电容参量对夏皮罗台阶高度的影响,进而分析了结常态电阻和电容对微波功率估算精度的影响。     

热噪声对约瑟夫森结I-V特性及微波感应台阶的影响研究

采用数值仿真的方法研究了热噪声对约瑟夫森结I-V特性及微波感应台阶的影响。研究表明,热噪声导致约瑟夫森结的I-V特性曲线呈现"圆拱化",也使得微波感应台阶高度减小。得出了取不同约瑟夫森结临界电流和结电阻时,热噪声对台阶的影响规律     

一种通过约瑟夫森结非线性频率响应确定微波耗散的方法

通过对电流偏置超导约瑟夫森结的微波驱动行为的研究,提出了一个确定约瑟夫森结微波耗散的方法.结的微波耗散由它的品质因子描述.微波耗散严重影响约瑟夫森器件如参量放大器、超导量子比特等的性能.对电流偏置的约瑟夫森结势阱采用四阶近似后,可以得到在较强微波驱动下约瑟夫森结非线性微波响应方程.该方程定量描述了非线性共振频率随外加微波功率变化关系:非线性共振频率与结等离子频率的差别依赖于约瑟夫森结的微波品质因子.对电流偏置的约瑟夫森结的微波运动行为进行了数值模拟.模拟结果确证了微波品质因子与非线性共振频率-等离子频率差别的定量关系可以应用于约瑟夫森结中.用这种非线性频率响应方法来确定约瑟夫森结的微波耗散没有严格的温度要求,可在单个电流偏置的结中完成,实验上具有简单可靠性.     

并联电阻对串联约瑟夫森结阵列相位锁定的影响研究

利用约瑟夫森结阵列制作毫米/亚毫米微波源的一个重要问题是阵列中约瑟夫森结的相位锁定.本文采用仿真的方法研究了约瑟夫森结RCSJ模型存在并联电阻时的相位锁定问题.研究结果包括约瑟夫森结临界电流的不一致性、McCumber参数和结的个数对能够实现相位锁定的参数范围的影响.结果对于约瑟夫森结阵列作为太赫兹产生和检测应用具有重要意义.     

约瑟夫森结跳变电流在微波辐照下的分布

在16 mK的极低温下,我们对电流偏置的Nb/AlOx/Nb结进行了跳变电流统计分布的测量.在没有外加微波的辐照时,分布曲线只有一个峰;在有外加微波的辐照时,其跳变电流的统计分布除了基峰外,会出现谐振峰,形成双峰结构.该谐振峰的位置和结的量子化的能级相关,其高度随外加微波功率的改变而改变.研究约瑟夫森结跳变电流在微波辐照下的分布,对于研究超导量子比特的能级量子化、Rabi振荡等具有重要的意义.     

SrTiO3基片上Tl-2212双晶约瑟夫森结的动态特性及噪声影响研究

在SrTiO₃（STO）基片上制作了Tl-2212双晶约瑟夫森结,并对其进行了微波辐照下的I-V特性测试,观察到了夏皮罗台阶,符合约瑟夫森电压-频率关系.利用数值仿真对约瑟夫森结建立了RCSJ模型,仿真结果与实验数据符合较好,利用此模型深入研究了噪声对结动态特性的影响,解释了噪声影响下结的微波感应台阶幅度减小和极小值展宽现象,提出了有效噪声温度为工作温度和外部噪声的等效温度之和. 关键词： RCSJ模型 噪声 Tl-2212双晶约瑟夫森结     

高温超导双晶约瑟夫森结阵列毫米波相干辐射

研究了嵌入Fabry-Perot谐振腔的高温超导双晶约瑟夫森结阵列毫米波相干辐射的实验结果.相干辐射是通过约瑟夫森结阵列与基片(作为一个介质谐振器)和Fabry-Perot(FP)谐振器的共同作用实现的.由166个高温超导双晶约瑟夫森结串联阵列在77 K温度下产生的相干辐射,辐射峰的中心频率为75.84 GHz,功率大约为10 pW. 关键词： 高温超导薄膜 Fabry-Perot谐振腔 约瑟夫森结 毫米波辐射     

基于高温超导双晶结的约瑟夫森效应观测实验

基于YBa2Cu3O7-δ高温超导双晶结,组建了约瑟夫森效应测试装置.利用此装置观察了直流和交流约瑟夫森效应,并测量了约瑟夫森结的临界电流和夏皮罗台阶.     

虚阴极振荡器中微波产生的解析理论

 用解析方法研究了虚阴极振荡器中微波产生的机理, 给出了小信号增益公式和饱和功率的标度。由此得到的结论是: 虚阴极振荡器的辐射一般情况下是由相位受到RF场调制的从虚阴极反射的电子束流产生的, 当注入电流稍大于第一临界电流时，有最高辐射增益区，但反射电流较小；当注入电流稍大于第二临界电流时，有较高辐射增益区，反射电流也较大。     

嵌入Fabry-Perot谐振腔的高温超导双晶约瑟夫森结的毫米波辐照特性研究

采用嵌入Fabry-Perot谐振腔的方式,研究了Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8(Tl-2212)高温超导薄膜双晶约瑟夫森结的毫米波辐照特性.重点研究了双晶约瑟夫森结与Fabry-Perot谐振腔的耦合特性,发现放置在谐振腔中的结的位置、角度、结的图形以及Fabry-Perot谐振腔中两镜面间的距离等对耦合都有很大的影响.通过精细调节这些参数,可使双晶约瑟夫森结与外加毫米波达到最佳耦合.在最佳耦合情况下,能观察到9级明显的夏皮罗台阶.利用Fabry-Perot谐振腔技术,解决了约瑟夫森结与毫米波的耦合问题,为高温超导约瑟夫森结的毫米波及太赫兹波的辐射和检测研究奠定了基础.     

Josephson effect on YBCO break junctions

We have investigated dc and ac Josephson effects on YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x ceramic samples using the break junction technique. The critical current was measured as a function of external magnetic field and temperature. The field dependence shows superposition effects of junction and SQUID behavior. The critical current depends linearly on temperature like for SNS junctions. We observed Shapiro steps with microwave radiation with a frequency of 35 GHz at 4.2 K and 77 K, respectively. Deviations of the step height from Bessel behavior at low microwave power are explained within the Stewart-McCumber model using small capacitances of the junction in simulation calculations.     

高温超导约瑟夫森结阵列的相位锁定

根据交流约瑟夫森效应,研究了嵌入Fabry-Perot谐振腔里的约瑟夫森结阵列在微波辐照下的相位锁定问题。结阵列是由生长在双晶钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)基片上的YB2Cu3O7(YBCO)超导薄膜光刻成微桥得到的。通过优化设计,在温度为79.2K辐照频率为77.465GHz的条件下,包含620个串联约瑟夫森双晶结的结阵列在外加微波辐照下实现了相位锁定,得到了陡峭的夏皮罗台阶。其第一级夏皮罗台阶的电压约为0.1V,台阶高度约为0.17mA。试验结果表明,这种结阵列结构在电压基准的应用上有极大的优势,而且这种准光学耦合方法在太赫兹信号发生和检测方面有很好的应用前景。     

Microwave cooling of Josephson plasma oscillations

An extended Josephson junction can be described as a microwave cavity coupled to a Josephson oscillator. This is formally equivalent to a Fabry-Perot cavity with a freely vibrating mirror, where it has been shown that radiation pressure from photons in the cavity can reduce (increase) the vibrations of the mirror, effectively cooling (heating) it. We demonstrate that, similarly, the superconducting phase difference across a Josephson junction-the Josephson phase-can be "cooled" or "heated" by microwave excitation of the junction and that both these effects increase with microwave power.     

Effect of inductive and capacitive coupling on the current–voltage characteristic and electromagnetic radiation from a system of Josephson junctions

We have studied the current–voltage characteristic of a system of long Josephson junctions taking into account the inductive and capacitive coupling. The dependence of the average time derivative of the phase difference on the bias current and spatiotemporal dependences of the phase difference and magnetic field in each junction are considered. The possibility of branching of the current–voltage characteristic in the region of zero field step, which is associated with different numbers of fluxons in individual Josephson junctions, is demonstrated. The current–voltage characteristic of the system of Josephson junctions is compared with the case of a single junction, and it is shown that the observed branching is due to coupling between the junctions. The intensity of electromagnetic radiation associated with motion of fluxons is calculated, and the effect of coupling between junctions on the radiation power is analyzed.     

Collective responses of Bi-2212 stacked junction to 100 GHz microwave radiation under magnetic field oriented along the <Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>-axis

We studied a response of Bi-2212 mesa type structures to 100 GHz microwave radiation. We found that applying magnetic field of about 0.1 T across the layers enables to observe collective Shapiro step response corresponding to a synchronization of all 50 intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJ) of the mesa. At high microwave power we observed up to 10th harmonics of the fundamental Shapiro step. Besides, we found microwave induced flux-flow step position of which is proportional to the square root of microwave power and that can exceed at high enough powers 1 THz operating frequency of IJJ oscillations. The article is published in the original.     

在一个磁通量子内dc Josephson电流阶梯或振荡效应的物理本质

本文分析了放置于高Q谐振腔中的Josephson结、双结SQUID和单结超导环,当其Josephson频率ω=2eV₀/h和腔的本征频率相等时,Josephson电流在一个磁通量子内可以产生多次阶梯或振荡的物理本质。指出对于Josephson结或双结SQUID,当ω=ω_r时,被激发起的腔的本征振荡将反馈辐照结或SQUID,反馈场的频率作用使Josephson电流产生一般地感应台阶;而反馈场的振幅是受到外磁场调制的,当这种调制作用使反馈场振幅的空间部分与辐射场的空间部分匹配时,则引起电流在一个磁通量子内产生一系列的新的阶跃。对单结超导环,当nω=ω_r时,被激发起的腔的振荡反馈辐照作用将迫使其超流电流产生周期小于φ₀的振荡。 关键词：     

Equivalent Josephson junctions

The magnetic field dependences of critical current are numerically constructed for a long Josephson junction with a shunt-or resistor-type microscopic inhomogeneities and compared to the critical curve of a junction with exponentially varying width. The numerical results show that it is adequate to replace the distributed inhomogeneity of a long Josephson junction by an inhomogeneity localized at one of its ends, which has certain technological advantages. It is also shown that the critical curves of junctions with exponentially varying width and inhomogeneities localized at the ends are unaffected by the mixed fluxon-antifluxon distributions of the magnetic flow. This fact may explain the improvement of the spectra of microwave radiation noted in the literature.     

Nature of the microwave response of a YBaCuO Josephson junction on a bicrystalline substrate

The response of YBaCuO Josephson junctions on a bicrystalline substrate to the action of microwave radiation is found to contain, besides the Josephson response, a contribution associated with the tunneling of quasiparticles through channels formed by localized states in the region of the Josephson junction. It is shown that this contribution is associated with an increase in the conduction through these channels under the action of the radiation on the junction. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 64, No. 6, 416–420 (25 September 1996)     

Microwave absorption in high-Tc superconductors studied by the EPR method

Dependences of the microwave absorption on temperature, magnetic field and microwave power obtained for the high-T _c superconductors are presented. Shape of the magnetically modulated microwave absorption, low-field phase diagram and overheating of the Josephson junction system induced by microwave irradiation are discussed. The model of the Josephson junction system interacting with microwaves has been used to explain the behavior of the high-T _c superconductors in low magnetic field.