On the Aleksandrov-Fenchel inequality and the stability of the sphere

LetF be a closed convex hypersurface in Euclideand-space with almost constantq-th mean curvatureH _q (q=1, ...,d–1). The deviation ofF from a suitable sphere is estimated explicitely in terms of geometric quantities ofF. The proof depends on a new stability result on the Aleksandrov-Fenchel inequality, which improves a theorem of Schneider.     

The spanning trees forced by the path and the star

A set S of trees of order n forces a tree T if every graph having each tree in S as a spanning tree must also have T as a spanning tree. A spanning tree forcing set for order n that forces every tree of order n. A spanning-tree forcing set S is a test set for panarboreal graphs, since a graph of order n is panarboreal if and only if it has all of the trees in S as spanning trees. For each positive integer n ≠ 1, the star belongs to every spanning tree forcing set for order n. The main results of this paper are a proof that the path belongs to every spanning-tree forcing set for each order n ∉ {1, 6, 7, 8} and a computationally tractable characterization of the trees of order n ≥ 15 forced by the path and the star. Corollaries of those results include a construction of many trees that do not belong to any minimal spanning tree forcing set for orders n ≥ 15 and a proof that the following related decision problem is NP-complete: an instance is a pair (G, T) consisting of a graph G of order n and maximum degree n - 1 with a hamiltonian path, and a tree T of order n; the problem is to determine whether T is a spanning tree of G. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

On the 3-Torsion Part of the Homology of the Chessboard Complex

Let 1 ≤ m ≤ n. We prove various results about the chessboard complex M _m,n , which is the simplicial complex of matchings in the complete bipartite graph K _m,n . First, we demonstrate that there is nonvanishing 3-torsion in [(H)\tilde]_d(\sf M_m,n; \mathbb Z){{\tilde{H}_d({\sf M}_{m,n}; {\mathbb Z})}} whenever \fracm+n-43 ￡ d ￡ m-4{{\frac{m+n-4}{3}\leq d \leq m-4}} and whenever 6 ≤ m < n and d = m − 3. Combining this result with theorems due to Friedman and Hanlon and to Shareshian and Wachs, we characterize all triples (m, n, d ) satisfying [(H)\tilde]_d (\sf M_m,n; \mathbb Z) 1 0{{\tilde{H}_d \left({\sf M}_{m,n}; {\mathbb Z}\right) \neq 0}}. Second, for each k ≥ 0, we show that there is a polynomial f _k (a, b) of degree 3k such that the dimension of [(H)\tilde]_k+a+2b-2 (\sf M_{k+a+3b-1,k+2a+3b-1}; \mathbb Z₃){{\tilde{H}_{k+a+2b-2}}\,\left({{\sf M}_{k+a+3b-1,k+2a+3b-1}}; \mathbb Z_{3}\right)}, viewed as a vector space over \mathbbZ₃{\mathbb{Z}_3}, is at most f _k (a, b) for all a ≥ 0 and b ≥ k + 2. Third, we give a computer-free proof that [(H)\tilde]₂ (\sf M_5,5; \mathbb Z) @ \mathbb Z₃{{\tilde{H}_2 ({\sf M}_{5,5}; \mathbb {Z})\cong \mathbb Z_{3}}}. Several proofs are based on a new long exact sequence relating the homology of a certain subcomplex of M _m,n to the homology of M _m-2,n-1 and M _m-2,n-3.     

An Example of the Effect of Rescaling of the Reflection Coefficient on the Scattering Potential for the One-Dimensional Schrodinger Equation

Let us consider the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with the scattering potential V(x)=2δ(x) and corresponding reflection coefficient b(k)=?i/(k + i). The potential satisfies a theorem of Deift and Trubowitz which states that non-negative measurable potentials V(x) satisfying a certain range condition have reflection coefficients b(k) such that b(0)=?1. We rescale the reflection coefficient for V(x)=2δ(x) by writing b(k)=?iv/(k + 1) where 0<v<1. It is shown how V(x) changes with v, through the use of the Gelfand-Levitan equation. This example illustrates how sensitive the potential is to rescaling of the reflection coefficient. In particular, the rescaling leads to a negative portion of V(x), as is expected from the Deift-Trubowitz theorem. The example of this paper will be used in a later paper to illustrate the nature of bounds on potentials obtained through the use of variational principles.     

On the hopficity of the polynomial rings

In this paper we prove that if a ringR satisfies the condition that for some integern > 1,a ⁿ =a for everya inR, thenR a hopfian ring implies that the ringR [T] of polynomials is also hopfian. This generalizes a recent result of Varadarajan which states that ifR is a Boolean hopfian ring then the ringR[T] is also hopfian. We show furthermore that there are numerous ringsR satisfying the hypothesis of our theorem which are neither Boolean nor Noetherian.     

On the Finite Group with the Index of Maximal Subgroups of the Monster

Abstract

We study the problem concerning the influence of the index of maximal subgroup or the degree of primitive permutation representation of the finite simple groups on the structure of a group. Let G be a finite group and s be the index of maximal subgroup of the Monster M. In this paper, we prove that there exists an epimorphism from G to M or A _s if G has the primitive permutation representation of degree s, and as a consequence we prove that the Monster is determined by every s.     

On the Image of the Totaling Functor

Let A be a differential graded (DG) algebra with a trivial differential over a commutative unital ring. This paper investigates the image of the totaling functor, defined from the category of complexes of graded A-modules to the category of DG A-modules. Specifically, we exhibit a special class of semifree DG A-modules which can always be expressed as the totaling of some complex of graded free A-modules. As a corollary, we also provide results concerning the image of the totaling functor when A is a polynomial ring over a field.     

On the algebraic K-theory of the complex K-theory spectrum

Let p≥5 be a prime, let ku be the connective complex K-theory spectrum, and let K(ku) be the algebraic K-theory spectrum of ku. In this paper we study the p-primary homotopy type of the spectrum K(ku) by computing its mod (p,v ₁) homotopy groups. We show that up to a finite summand, these groups form a finitely generated free module over the polynomial algebra \mathbbF_p[b]{\mathbb{F}}_{p}[b], where b is a class of degree 2p+2 defined as a “higher Bott element”.     

On the identification of degenerate indices in the nonlinear complementarity problem with the proximal point algorithm

In this paper we focus on the problem of identifying the index sets P(x):=i|x_i>0, N(x):={i|F_i(x)>0 and C(x):=i|x_i=F_i(x)=0} for a solution x of the monotone nonlinear complementarity problem NCP(F). The correct identification of these sets is important from both theoretical and practical points of view. Such an identification enables us to remove complementarity conditions from the NCP and locally reduce the NCP to a system which can be dealt with more easily. We present a new technique that utilizes a sequence generated by the proximal point algorithm (PPA). Using the superlinear convergence property of PPA, we show that the proposed technique can identify the correct index sets without assuming the nondegeneracy and the local uniqueness of the solution.This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan.Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 90C33, 65K10     

An algebraic slice in the coadjoint space of the Borel and the Coxeter element

Let g be a complex simple Lie algebra and b a Borel subalgebra. The algebra Y of polynomial semi-invariants on the dual b^? of b is a polynomial algebra on rank g generators (Grothendieck and Dieudonné (1965–1967)) [16]. The analogy with the semisimple case suggests there exists an algebraic slice to coadjoint action, that is an affine translate y+V of a vector subspace of b^? such that the restriction map induces an isomorphism of Y onto the algebra R[y+V] of regular functions on y+V. This holds in type A and even extends to all biparabolic subalgebras (Joseph (2007)) [20]; but the construction fails in general even with respect to the Borel. Moreover already in type C(2) no algebraic slice exists.Very surprisingly the exception of type C(2) is itself an exception. Indeed an algebraic slice for the coadjoint action of the Borel subalgebra is constructed for all simple Lie algebras except those of types B(2m), C(n) and F(4).Outside type A, the slice obtained meets an open dense subset of regular orbits, even though the special point y of the slice is not itself regular. This explains the failure of our previous construction.     

Indecomposables in the composition algebra of the kronecker algebra

Let; K be the Kronecker algebra; M a K-indecomposable; C(K) the composition algebra of K. By using the triangular decomposition of C(K) we prove that [M] ? C(K) if and only if M is either a preprojective or a preinjective.     

On the Decomposition of the Riesz Operator and the Expansion of the Riesz Semigroup

For a Riesz operator T on a reflexive Banach space X with nonzero eigenvalues denote by E(λ_i; T) the eigen-projection corresponding to an eigenvalue λ_i. In this paper we will show that if the operator sequence is uniformly bounded, then the Riesz operator T can be decomposed into the sum of two operators T_p and T_r: T = T_p + T_r, where T_p is the weak limit of T_n and T_r is quasi-nilpotent. The result is used to obtain an expansion of a Riesz semigroup T(t) for t ≥ τ. As an application, we consider the solution of transport equation on a bounded convex body.     

On the Norm of the Metric Projections

LetXbe a Banach space. GivenMa subspace ofXwe denote withP_Mthe metric projection ontoM. We defineπ(X) sup{P_M: Ma proximinal subspace ofX}. In this paper we give a bound forπ(X). In particular, whenX=L_p, we obtain the inequality P_M2^|2/p−1|, for every subspaceMofL_p. We also show thatπ(X)=π(X*).     

On the vertices of the -additive core

The core of a game v on N, which is the set of additive games φ dominating v such that φ(N)=v(N), is a central notion in cooperative game theory, decision making and in combinatorics, where it is related to submodular functions, matroids and the greedy algorithm. In many cases however, the core is empty, and alternative solutions have to be found. We define the k-additive core by replacing additive games by k-additive games in the definition of the core, where k-additive games are those games whose Möbius transform vanishes for subsets of more than k elements. For a sufficiently high value of k, the k-additive core is nonempty, and is a convex closed polyhedron. Our aim is to establish results similar to the classical results of Shapley and Ichiishi on the core of convex games (corresponds to Edmonds’ theorem for the greedy algorithm), which characterize the vertices of the core.     

On the quantitative steinitz theorem in the plane

We prove that for anyk ≥ 4, any setX of points in the plane, and any pointP ε interior conv(X), there is a subsetY (X of at mostk points such that if conv(X) contains a disk with radiusr aroundP, then conv(Y) contains a disk with radius [cos(2/(k + 1))π]/[cos(1/(k + 1))π]r aroundP. This generalizes the quantitative Steinitz theorem in the plane and proves a conjecture of Bárány and Heppes. Dedicated to Professor Dr. Jürgen Flachsmeyer on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday     

On the Modular Version of the Gluck-Wolf Theorem

Let N be a normal subgroup of a finite group G. Let ϕ be an irreducible Brauer character of N. Assume π is a set of primes and χ(1)/ϕ(1) is a π′-number of any χ∈IBr _p (G/ϕ). If p∤|G:N|, and N is p-solvable, then G/N has an abelian-by-metabelian Hall-π subgroup; If p∉π then G/N has a metabelian Hall-π subgroup. Received February 22, 2000, Accepted May 9, 2001     

On the normality of the rings of Schubert varieties

We prove that the cone over a Schubert variety inG/P (P being a maximal parabolic subgroup of classical type) is normal by exhibiting a 2-regular sequence inR(w) (the homogeneous coordinate ring of the Schubert varietyX(w) inG/P under the canonical protective embeddingG/P ⊂→ (p (H° G/P,L)),L being the ample generator of (PicG/P), which vanishes on the singular locus ofX(w). We also prove the surjectivity ofH° (G/Q, L) H° (X(w), L), whereQ is a classical parabolic subgroup (not necessarily maximal) ofG andL is an ample line bundle onG/Q.     

Bounds for the crossing number of the N-cube

Let Q_n denote the n-dimensional hypercube. In this paper we derive upper and lower bounds for the crossing number v(Q_n), i.e., the minimum number of edge-crossings in any planar drawing of Q_n. The upper bound is close to a result conjectured by Eggleton and Guy and the lower bound is a significant improvement over what was previously known. Let N = 2ⁿ be the number of vertices of Q_n. We show that v(Q_n) < 1/6N². For the lower bound we prove that v(Q_n) = Ω(N(lg N)^{c lg lg N}), where c > 0 is a constant and lg is the logarithm base 2. The best lower bound using standard arguments is v(Q_n) = Ω(N(lg N)²). The lower bound is obtained by constructing a large family of homeomorphs of a subcube with the property that no given pair of edges can appear in more than a constant number of the homeomorphs.     

On the boundedness of the total variation of the logarithm of a Blaschke product

We establish that, for a Blaschke product B(z) convergent in the unit disk, the condition - ∞ < \smallint ₀¹ log(1 - t)n(t,B)dt\smallint _0^1 \log (1 - t)n(t,B)dt is sufficient for the total variation of logB to be bounded on a circle of radiusr, 0 <r < 1. For products B(z) with zeros concentrated on a single ray, this condition is also necessary. Here, n(t, B) denotes the number of zeros of the functionB (z) in a disk of radiust.     

On the computation of the projective surgery obstruction groups

The computation of the projective surgery obstruction groupsL _n ^p (ZG), forG a hyperelementary finite group, is reduced to standard calculations in number theory, mostly involving class groups. Both the exponent of the torsion subgroup and the precise divisibility of the signatures are determined. ForG a 2-hyperelementary group, theL _n ^p (ZG) are detected by restriction to certain subquotients ofG, and a complete set of invariants is given for oriented surgery obstructions.Partially supported by NSERC grant A4000.Partially supported by NSF grant DMS-8610730(1) and the Danish Research Council.