拉曼光谱技术检验黑色签字笔添改字迹研究

本工作为鉴别黑色签字笔添改字迹变造文件提供一种无损、便捷、有效的检验方法。拉曼光谱检测变造字迹实验,并根据黑色签字笔书写色料类型的不同,分别说明不同情况的字迹添改。拉曼光谱技术能够有效检验出使用不同签字笔添改的笔画,但用炭黑型签字笔添改炭黑型签字笔书写字迹除外。拉曼光谱技术应用于添改字迹的鉴别有方法简单,易操作的特点。     

共焦显微拉曼光谱技术在墨迹鉴定方面的应用

利用共焦显微拉曼光谱技术,用可见514.5nm和紫外325nm激光器作激发光源,分别测试了不同品牌的黑色圆珠笔,蓝色圆珠笔和黑色签字笔墨迹的拉曼谱图。在可见514.5nm激光器的激发下,黑色和蓝色圆珠笔墨迹都呈现了丰富的拉曼特征峰而黑色签字笔仅出现了碳峰的信号;此时改换325nm激光器来激发,发现黑色签字笔墨迹出现了清晰的拉曼特征谱峰。通过实验数据对比发现:同一类型且不同品牌笔的墨迹拉曼特征谱峰也存在一定的差异,同一种品牌墨迹的拉曼峰都保持了相对的稳定性。实验结果将为鉴定签字笔和圆珠笔油墨种类提供了法庭科学依据。它的最大优点就在于对样品的无损性,其次还有快速、无需对样品预处理和测试方法简单等。     

基于拉曼光谱鉴定黑色签字笔笔迹的种类与书写时间

黑色签字笔字迹种类与书写时间的鉴定一直是国内外法庭科学研究领域的热点问题。基于拉曼光谱法的分辨率高、稳定性好、效率高以及无损检测等优点,对收集的16种品牌或牌号的黑色签字笔字迹样本进行测试。完成同一品牌或牌号同一时间在不同存储条件(暗室和光照)与不同纸张本底(复印纸和笔记本)字迹样本的制备。将样本字迹剪裁,双面胶固定在载玻片上,放入储存箱内避光保存,间隔一段时间对样品进行测试,测试工作共持续1年,形成图谱数据库。在考察实验条件如测量点、激光功率及共焦类型等因素影响的基础上,筛选出最佳条件。在此条件基础上,检测黑色签字笔在不同书写时间、储存环境、纸张本底等条件下的字迹样本。实验结果表明:(1)存储条件(暗室和光照)、纸张本底(复印纸和笔记本)等不同条件下,同种黑色签字笔字迹的拉曼位移相同,重复性好,受水和纸张等本底的干扰较小。(2)根据拉曼位移的差异可将16种黑色签字笔分成5类。(3)以2#样本为例, 1 140 cm^-1处拉曼光谱特征峰,归属为酯类化合物的C-O伸缩振动ν(CO)。酯类化合物的含量随着时间延长而不断减少,因此随着书写时间越久远,特征峰的相对强度越大(8→1)。通过拟合后计算出相对面积数值I,样本书写时间越早,I值越大,反之I值越小。研究结果可用于快速、准确、无损判定黑色签字笔字迹的种类和推断其相对书写时间。     

拉曼光谱与电阻测量技术联用鉴别签字笔墨水种类的研究

采用显微拉曼光谱和电阻测量技术,选择30支不同品牌和型号的黑色签字笔书写的墨迹样本,在分析所采集的拉曼谱图和电阻数据的基础上,对墨水的成分属性进行综合鉴别。结果表明,两种技术方法之间具有互证性和互补性,可以为黑色签字笔的种属鉴别提供一种准确、无损、便捷的新思路,适用于法庭科学添改文件鉴别,增强物证的证据效力。     

拉曼光谱阵列面扫描判断蓝色签字笔与印泥的时序研究

朱文时序的检验一直是公安司法鉴定的难点之一, 是文件检验工作者致力研究的难题之一。传统的检验方法灵敏度较低, 特别是对于蓝色签字笔与印文的先后顺序判断很难得到好的效果。为此, 寻求更为简单无损的方法成为了物证检验人员致力追求的目标。将拉曼光谱阵列面扫描成像技术拓展应用于蓝色签字笔与印泥印文先后顺序的研究中, 可以真正意义上实现对检材的无损检验和对检验结果的直观表述, 一方面可以深入研究拉曼光谱阵列面扫描成像技术的各项实验条件及方法特性, 拓展拉曼光谱技术在物证鉴定领域的应用范围; 另一方面也为朱文时序的判断研究提供一种新方法, 使实验结果更加准确可靠。     

基于LRS-Ⅲ型拉曼光谱仪检测黑色笔迹

拉曼光谱技术是一种发展时间不长的可靠的检测技术手段,能实现非破坏性物质鉴定。目前,发达国家已将该项技术应用于法庭中。本研究利用拉曼光谱仪对黑色字迹进行鉴定,为鉴别各种黑色笔迹提供科学依据。     

拉曼光谱3D成像技术确定黑色交叉笔画顺序的研究

在文书鉴定中,经常涉及对交叉笔画的检验,进而判断文件是否存在篡改、变造,此外,交叉笔画的检验也有助于判断笔迹个性特征、笔顺特征。本文采用拉曼光谱3D成像技术对多品牌不同型号的黑色圆珠笔和国产签字笔进行实验筛选,结合现有交叉笔画检验方法中如笔画连续性、收敛现象等特征,分析该方法判断交叉笔画书写顺序适用的各种情形:经赋色的笔画3D模型大量出现明显的“峰谷”异色现象,且表现一致,则能够得出准确结论;当现象明显存在但表现不一致或现象不明显时,需结合笔画连续性在3D模型中的特征分析判断,亦能得出正确结论,但准确率受数据处理的优劣及成像效果的影响较大;无法检测的情形,即无法获得有效拉曼光谱信息或无法区分两种油墨光谱信息时,该方法失效。笔者认为采用拉曼光谱3D成像技术在一定条件下能够对交叉笔画书写顺序进行相对客观、准确的判断,受鉴定人员主观影响较小,值得更加深入全面的研究,以便推广应用。     

基于拉曼光谱和多元统计学研究蓝色中性笔油墨

拉曼光谱作为一种无损检验的技术手段,近年来广泛用于文件检验领域中的书写材料种类检验。本实验采集了市面上收集到的28支蓝色中性笔油墨的拉曼光谱图,结合化学计量学中的相似度分析法和主成分分析法对谱图进行了分析,两种分析方法得到的分类结果基本一致,采用两种方法可以将28支蓝色中性笔油墨分为五类。实验结果表明,将拉曼光谱法得到的数据结合化学计量学分析方法进行数据分析,比直接比较谱图得到的分类结果更加客观、准确。     

黑色签字笔墨水的NIR FT-Raman光谱法研究

本文首次采用近红外傅里叶变换位曼（NIR FT-Raman）光谱技术测定了36种黑色签字笔墨迹的拉曼谱。据拉曼的基团振动峰可将36种签字笔墨迹分为10大类,并对它们的谱图进行了分析。同时考察了基体（书写所用的纸张）、湿度、样品的测定功率以及书写时间对谱图的影响,尤其是第四项显示了与相对书写时间的关系。该方法快速、简便、灵敏度高、不需对样品进行分离提取。     

签字笔墨迹的光老化及书写时间变化规律的研究

利用日光和紫外光对黑色签字笔字迹样本进行了光老化处理,通过区带毛细管电泳法分析了签字笔字迹墨水提取液,二极管阵列检测器记录了190～600 nm波长范围内的物质吸收峰,用电泳图中不同波长不同迁移时间的电泳峰面积之比对老化时间作图,得出了墨水中不同染料间含量的相对变化关系相对于老化时间的变化规律。同时也对自然老化的签字笔样品随书写时间的变化规律进行了研究。     

多种谱学方法研究蓝色签字笔墨水

运用傅里叶变换红外光谱、显微激光拉曼光谱以及紫外-可见光谱仪等多种光谱学手段测定了纸张上蓝色签字笔墨水的光谱,并根据吸收峰的差异对收集到的28种不同品牌、系列的蓝色签字笔进行了分类。同时还结合热重-质谱联用研究了人为老化过程中纸张上签字笔墨水成分的变化。讨论了上述谱学方法在分析鉴别纸张上蓝色签字笔墨水种类及成分的优劣,以及在研究相对书写时间和绝对书写时间中的潜在应用。     

Hawking radiation of Dirac particles from soft-hairy black holes

In this paper, we study the Hawking radiation of Dirac particles via tunneling formalism from linearly supertranslated Schwarzschild black holes. We find that the radiation spectrum and the Hawking temperature remain the same as the one without soft hair.     

Hamiltonian evolution and quantization for extremal black holes

We present and contrast two distinct ways of including extremal black holes in a Lorentzian Hamiltonian quantization of spherically symmetric Einstein-Maxwell theory. First, we formulate the classical Hamiltonian dynamics with boundary conditions appropriate for extremal black holes only. The Hamiltonian contains no surface term at the internal infinity, for reasons related to the vanishing of the extremal hole surface gravity, and quantization yields a vanishing black hole entropy. Second, we give a Hamiltonian quantization that incorporates extremal black holes as a limiting case of nonextremal ones, and examine the classical limit in terms of wave packets. The spreading of the packets, even the ones centered about extremal black holes, is consistent with continuity of the entropy in the extremal limit, and thus with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy even for the extremal holes. The discussion takes place throughout within Lorentz-signature spacetimes.     

激光笔干涉仪的研制

介绍所研制的激光笔干涉仪．由激光笔发出的激光束在反射镜组间不断反射,使光传播距离增大,从而可以清楚地展现具有一定宽度和高度的干涉条纹,故适合于教学以及演讲中对干涉现象的演示和讲解．     

A promising approach to conductive patterns with high efficiency for flexible electronics

A promising approach for conductive patterns with high efficiency for flexible electronics was developed by direct-writing, silver(I) solution (silver nitrate, acetate silver, etc.) with no solid particles as a conductive ink, conductive pen as a writing implement, and polyimide (PI) film as a substrate. The physical properties of the conductive ink were investigated by a dynamic contact angle system, ubbelohde viscometer and surface tension instrument. Conductive properties of silver ink film were investigated by 4-point probe, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface profilometer. It is demonstrated how the design of solvent composition in conductive ink affects surface morphology, and conductivity of silver ink films. It can be obtained that conductive patterns drawn on PI substrate not only have good mechanical/electrical fatigue properties, but also have low resistivity. Especially, when the sintering condition is 200 °C for 60 min, the resistivity can be down to 6.6 μΩ cm, 4.25 times the silver bulk resistivity.     

Polyamide 6/modified Carbon Black Nanocomposites Prepared via In Situ Polymerization

Polyamide 6/modified carbon black (PA6/MCB) composites were prepared via in-situ ring opening polymerization of caprolactam in the presence of dispersed carboxyl group modified carbon black (MCB). The dispersion of MCB in the PA6 matrix, nonisothermal crystallization and melting behaviors, and volume resistivity of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a resistivity meter, respectively. The results indicated that MCB dispersed well in the PA6 matrix. When the MCB content was 5 wt%, the MCB particles were of a nanoscale. The conductivity percolation threshold of the PA6/MCB composites was 8 wt% due to the good dispersion of MCB in the PA6 matrix. The addition of MCB elevated the cold crystallization temperature of PA6, reflecting the effectiveness of MCB as nucleating agents. However, the MCB decreased the crystallization enthalpy of PA6 during both heating and cooling processes.     

Spatial variation of the linewidth of Kr atomic lines as observed on optogalvanic signals in cathode fall region of hollow cathode discharge

An abrupt change in the spectral width of optogalvanic (OG) signals of Kr atomic lines has been observed at a distance from the cathode wall where the signal itself changes its sign, by using a hollow cathode lamp whose cathode has its both ends open. The width is broader near the cathode wall with its magnitude varying by discharge current while the narrower width which is obtained on passing the laser beam in the central region of cathode cylinder is independent of the current. It is suggested that a well-defined region, where the particles of larger cross section of collisions with Kr atom are confined, is present in front of the cathode wall.