基于便携式拉曼光谱仪的疑似吸毒人员尿液中毒品的SERS快速检测

本文利用SERS技术对疑似吸毒人员尿液中的毒品进行快速检测。通过对尿液中的毒品进行快速分离和提纯,结合便携式拉曼光谱仪,并利用自组装的金纳米颗粒作为SERS基底对其进行检测分析,可以实现现场检测。该方法灵敏性高、检测速度快,有望应用于公安及司法部门的缉毒、查毒工作现场中。     

金纳米棒调控组装结构SERS基底用于构筑毒品检测模块

本文介绍了一种基于金纳米棒自组装结构的SERS基底构筑方法。通过工艺参数可调控的溶剂蒸发诱导组装机制,可以减少或去除溶胶成膜基底中出现的咖啡环效应,得到致密均一的薄膜型SERS基底。该基底用于毒品SERS检测具有较高的灵敏性和较好的重现性,将其与便携式拉曼光谱仪和含毒品尿液的快速前处理方法相结合,可以用于涉毒人员尿液中毒品的检测分析,因此有望应用于涉毒现场的快速检测。     

溶剂诱导的金纳米哑铃液液界面组装用于人体尿液中毒品SERS检测

本文开展了基于表面配体交换后溶剂诱导的金纳米哑铃液液界面组装及其用于人体尿液中毒品的SERS检测研究。利用配体交换的金纳米哑铃在诱导溶剂的作用下,在有机相和水相界面自组装成大面积的单层界面薄膜,同时结合对人体尿液中毒品进行快速分离和提纯的方法,解决纯化后有机相与SERS基底的相容性,在基底液液界面组装的同时实现对待测体系毒品分子的界面富集,并进行界面处的原位SERS检测。该方法灵敏度高、检测速度快,可用于公安及司法部门的疑似含毒品人体尿液的高通量检测。     

表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测毒品海洛因

荧光的干扰使得毒品海洛因难以直接进行拉曼光谱检测。本文将表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术引入到毒品海洛因的快速检测,首次获得它的表面增强拉曼特征峰。采用此法成功检测了来自海关的20批毒品海洛因样品,对其它粉末的检测中没有出现误报现象。这表明表面增强拉曼光谱可用于对海洛因的准确检测。     

基于Voigt线型的尿液中芬太尼类表面增强拉曼光谱解析

在全球范围内频繁发生芬太尼类物质滥用与致死案件,人体中芬太尼类物质的检测与识别愈发重要。芬太尼类物质在经过人体一段时间后,仍有一部分原体随着尿液排出,因此可通过检测尿液中芬太尼类物质反映其毒品滥用史。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)具有快速、高灵敏、易操作等特点,适合尿液中芬太尼类物质的现场检测与分析。但尿液中尿素等物质的背景峰与芬太尼类物质SERS特征峰高度重合,芬太尼类物质特征峰被尿液背景峰所掩盖,这对尿液中芬太尼类的光谱识别造成了很大的干扰。结合Voigt线型建立谱峰解析模型,对尿液与芬太尼类物质重叠部分进行谱峰分析。针对SERS光谱噪声与荧光等因素对谱峰解析模型的干扰,采用无约束Nelder-Mead算法对模型进行优化与计算,利用该算法对迭代参数初始值不敏感的特点,提高谱峰解析模型的准确度。根据SERS光谱半峰宽的特征对解析峰集合进行筛选,对SERS光谱的尿液背景峰进行扣除,以还原芬太尼类SERS光谱1 000与1 030 cm^-1处谱峰特征。实验结果与现象表明,利用Voigt线型建立的谱峰解析模型对尿液中芬太尼类SERS光谱拟合度均达到99%以上,能够通过解...     

激光散射法对尿液中纳米微晶粒径及其分布的研究

泌尿系结石已经成为威胁人类健康的一种常见病、多发病,目前对其形成的机制尚不清楚。文章采用激光散射法测定了正常人尿液和尿石症患者尿液中纳米粒子的粒径和粒径分布,该方法快速准确、经济、容易操作。正常人尿液比尿石症患者尿液的稳定性好,归因于正常人尿液中纳米微晶尺寸分布均匀,不容易聚集,而尿石症患者尿液的纳米微晶尺寸分布不均匀,粒子间容易聚集而沉降。通过分析尿样稀释、离心或者用微孔滤膜过滤后体系的光强-自相关函数曲线,得到了制备稳定的尿样悬浮液的方法：尿样先稀释20%,然后离心或用1.2 μm微孔滤膜过滤,可得到稳定的尿液悬浮液。激光散射法结果与TEM检测结果一致。从尿液中存在的范德华力、尿液粘度、酸碱性、离子强度、尿液中纳米微晶的表面电荷和Zeta电位等方面解释了尿液稳定的原因。     

基于等离激元增强拉曼光谱的便携式快速检测仪设计与实现

用于食品安全、环境污染、毒品、化学战剂检测等的现场快速检测要求检测设备便携、快速和准确。目前的常规实验室检测方法虽然能够实现准确检测,但是其实时性较差,无法满足现场快速检测的要求。因此,设计开发了基于等离激元增强拉曼光谱的便携式快速检测仪,能够实现对滥用添加剂、违禁食品添加剂、农药残余、毒品、化学战剂和环境水污染等大量有害物质的现场快速定性检测。该检测仪基于ARM嵌入式系统开发,编写了其操作交互界面和底层驱动程序,实现了拉曼光谱数据自动标定和特征谱图快速识别等算法。在仪器中搭建了检测物质拉曼光谱的标谱数据库,数据库根据检测科目进行分类,每种科目包含该类别的多种物质,每种物质均包含其高中低多种浓度的标准品和样本谱图。设计实现了大类科目的辨识比对算法和GPU硬件加速算法,实现了对某一类科目的所有物质的快速比对,与传统的纯CPU算法实现相比较,在辨识速度上提高了20倍以上。通过市场购买的功能饮料、违规葡萄酒与果汁等实际样品对所制备的样机仪器进行测试,测试结果符合预期,具有良好的灵敏度与重现性,满足了现场快速检测的要求。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的毒品鉴别方法

毒品的快速检测在抑制毒品的传播,打击毒品犯罪方面有着举足轻重的作用.表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术具有指纹识别、检测速度快、样品用量少、无损伤等众多优点而受到了关注,其特点特别适合于公安机关现场快速检测执法.本文利用金纳米粒子溶胶作为增强试剂对拉曼光谱进行增强,制作1μg·mL-1的苯丙胺、氯胺酮、芬太尼、海洛因、可...     

毒品及其常见添加成分的拉曼光谱快速分析

毒品来源推断技术可以为禁毒工作提供准确的毒品情报信息, 对于有效打击毒品犯罪活动具有重要意义。毒品中添加成分的分析方法研究是毒品来源推断技术的重要组成部分。本文对海洛因、甲基苯丙胺和氯胺酮三类我国常见毒品及其添加成分进行了拉曼光谱快速分析研究, 将盐酸海洛因、盐酸甲基苯丙胺和盐酸氯胺酮毒品与淀粉、葡萄糖、咖啡因等添加成分按一定质量比例混合制成混合样本, 进行拉曼光谱分析。实验结果表明, 在毒品含量低至10%的混合毒品样本中应用拉曼光谱技术能够检出毒品成分; 同时在添加成分含量低至10%的混合毒品样本中也能准确检出添加成分。拉曼光谱法是检验常见毒品及其添加成分的快速有效的方法。     

表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测尿液中的尿酸

表面增强拉曼光谱是一种表面灵敏度极高的“指纹”光谱技术,检测限可达单分子级别。它可以实现痕量物质的特异性识别及快速、无损检测,广泛应用于生命科学、电化学、环境安全等领域以及人们的日常生活中。通过种子生长法成功地实现了形貌均匀、尺寸可调的球形金纳米粒子的制备,并以此作为增强基底进一步探索其粒径对尿酸拉曼谱峰强度的影响。结果表明,金纳米粒子的尺寸显著影响其拉曼增强能力。在研究范围内,随着金纳米粒子尺寸的增加,其拉曼增强能力逐渐增加。在激光波长为638 nm时,150 nm的金纳米粒子具有最优的拉曼增强能力。这使得它们可适用于尿酸溶液的快速高灵敏度分析,检测限可达0.01 mmol·L-1。进一步的研究还表明,该方法可用于痕量尿酸的定量检测。在0.01～0.5 mmol·L-1范围内,尿酸的浓度与其特征拉曼峰640 cm-1处的峰强度之间呈线性关系,线性相关系数达0.98。将该方法用于真实样品(正常人体尿液)的快速检测,发现该方法不受尿液中其他成分的干扰,可以实现人体尿液中尿酸含量的快速测定。研究结果表明,以金纳米粒子作为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱方法可方便、快速地对尿液中尿酸的含量进行分析,极大地拓展了表面增强拉曼光谱在临床上的应用与研究。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.