基于磁激元效应的石墨烯-金属纳米结构近红外吸收研究

石墨烯作为一种单层碳原子二维材料,在可见光和近红外波段吸收率只有2.3%左右,这限制了石墨烯在光电探测、光电调制等领域的应用.本文基于纳米超材料结构的磁激元共振效应,设计了一种金属-绝缘层-金属-石墨烯混合二维浅光栅结构,通过设计混合二维浅光栅结构尺寸来改变石墨烯化学势,实现了石墨烯在近红外波段的吸收增强和调制.利用有限元仿真和等效电路模型,系统地分析了非正入射、结构参数和石墨烯化学势对吸收特性的影响.研究结果表明,混合二维浅光栅结构的磁激元共振效应可以明显提升石墨烯在近红外波段的吸收率,并且对入射角度和极化方向不敏感.在特定结构参数下,混合二维浅光栅结构在1480nm处吸收率达到了85%,其中石墨烯的吸收率为55%,提升了24倍;通过调控石墨烯化学势从0.1eV增大到1.0eV,分别实现了不同结构尺寸下54.8%,50.3%,46.8%的反射率调制深度.     

基于金属光栅实现石墨烯三通道光吸收增强

为了增强单层石墨烯在可见光和近红外波段的吸收效率并实现多通道光吸收.本文利用石墨烯-金属光栅-介质层-金属衬底混合结构在λ_1=0.553μm、λ_2=0.769μm、λ_3=1.130μm三通道上提高了石墨烯吸收效率,石墨烯吸收效率最高可达41%.对3个光吸收增强通道的磁场分布分析可得它们分别源于表面等离子体激元共振、法布里-帕罗干涉腔共振、磁激元共振.经过模拟分析可知,通过调节金属光栅宽度、介质层厚度可以调谐混合结构的共振峰波长和吸收效率,而石墨烯化学势仅能对共振峰λ_3的吸收效率有影响.最后优化结构参数,在最优结构参数下混合结构在3个光吸收增强通道的光吸收效率可达0.97以上,这可以作为超材料吸收器.     

利用窄刻槽金属光栅实现石墨烯双通道吸收增强

构建基底/窄刻槽金属光栅/覆盖层/石墨烯结构,利用金属光栅激发的表面等离子体激元共振和窄光栅刻槽支持的法布里-珀罗共振,在可见光波段实现单层石墨烯的双通道吸收增强,并结合简化模型估算出双吸收通道所在位置.在波长462和768 nm处,石墨烯的光吸收效率分别为35.6%和40.1%,相比石墨烯本征光吸收率的增强均超过15.5倍.进一步研究发现由于短波处吸收增强源于金属光栅的表面等离子体激元共振,其吸收特性受覆盖层厚度、刻槽深度和宽度变化的影响较小;而由于长波处吸收增强源于窄刻槽中的法布里-珀罗共振,因此呈现出良好的角度不敏感吸收特性.     

基于石墨烯纳米带的中红外等离激元调控

石墨烯在中红外和太赫兹波段可以产生表面等离激元,并且通过合理设计还可以对其表面等离激元进行调控。基于此,本文设计了一种共振可调结构。通过在电介质基底上沉积不同宽度的单层石墨烯条带,引入纳米尺度上的不连续性,从而有效控制石墨烯与光的相互作用。使用时域有限差分法对该结构的光谱和电磁场分布进行了理论研究。结果表明:当所设计的结构与入射光耦合时,会出现多个共振增强的吸收峰;改变每个周期内石墨烯条带的数目、带宽和带间距,可以控制共振峰的个数、位置和强度;另外,施加不同的偏置电压可以改变石墨烯带的费米能级,从而实现共振峰位置和强度的动态调控;该结构可以在较宽光谱范围内调控石墨烯等离激元。本文研究为设计中红外波段基于石墨烯的传感、滤波、吸收等器件提供了理论基础。     

基于石墨烯-hBN薄膜多波段光吸收特性调控

在红外波段,石墨烯和六方氮化硼(Hexagonal Boron Nitride,hBN)作为能够激发等离子体激元(Plasmons Polariton)和声子极化激元(Phonon Polariton)很好的二维(Two-Dimensional,2D)材料,在传感、波导和探测领域等将有着极大的应用价值。本文设计一种石墨烯-hBN/银光栅混合异质结构,利用光栅沟槽内激发的磁极化(Magnetic Polariton,MP)效应诱导等离子体-声子极化激元增强和调控混合异质结构的吸收率.混合异质结构的吸收率和电磁场特性基于有限元的计算方法,并研究了结构参数变化对吸收特性的影响。所提出的混合结构可为光学探测等领域提供潜在的参考。     

非对称银纳米双环表面等离激元光谱特性

贵金属纳米材料在入射光激发下能够产生表面等离激元,即金属表面自由电子产生集体振荡。当其振荡频率与入射光频率相同时,发生表面等离激元共振,形成一种特殊的电磁场模式和光谱特性。利用该电磁场模式和光谱特性, 能够调节金属纳米材料的光谱学行为,例如通过改变金属纳米结构的大小、形状以及周围介质介电常数等参数, 在微纳尺度上实现光谱学信号的有效调控。目前,除了具有一定对称性的贵金属纳米材料被大量研究和应用外,非对称纳米结构的表面等离激元光谱特性也受到广泛关注。研究表明,在可见-近红外波段光谱范围内设计表面等离激元光电传感器件的关键问题在于,如何有效地调节其消光谱的共振波长、半峰宽以及峰值强度等主要特征参数。提出一种基于银纳米双环组成的非对称结构,利用时域有限差分方法,在可见-近红外波段内,通过分别改变银纳米双环的尺寸、间距及入射光偏振方向等参数,计算了该纳米结构在不同条件下的消光谱。结果表明,在0.4～3 μm的消光谱内,入射光能够激发产生两个独立的表面等离激元共振峰。通过研究峰值波长处的电场分布图发现,上述共振峰分别对应两种不同的电磁场模式。结果还表明,消光谱内两个独立的共振峰可以通过改变该双环结构的不同参数,被分别地进行调节。其中,可以通过改变该双环结构的半径来有效调节短波长峰的共振波长和半峰宽,同时保持长波长峰的共振波长和半峰宽基本不变。此外,通过改变两环间距或入射光偏振方向,可以分别以不同趋势来调节两个共振峰的峰值强度。在提出的非对称银纳米双环的消光谱中,获得了能够被分别调节的两个表面等离激元共振峰,研究结果能够为可见-近红外波段内基于银纳米材料光电传感器件的开发设计提供理论基础。     

ITO纳米棒结构红外波段消光特性模拟与分析

铟锡氧化物（ITO）作为一种高掺杂的半导体材料，其材料介电常数零点波长位于近红外波段，且其在近红外波段的吸收损耗较小，因此ITO可以成为近红外波段理想的局域表面等离激元共振效应（LSPR）材料。采用时域有限差分法模拟长方体状ITO纳米棒阵列的LSPR效应，通过调整ITO纳米棒的载流子浓度、尺寸、间距以及衬底折射率实现其红外波段LSPR共振峰的有效调节。这对于扩宽ITO纳米结构在红外波段LSPR效应的应用具有重要的研究意义。     

氮掺杂石墨烯纳米结构的等离激元激发（英文）

基于含时密度泛函理论,研究了氮掺杂石墨烯纳米结构的等离激元特性。吡啶型氮掺杂不影响石墨烯纳米结构的等离激元激发特性,而取代型氮掺杂主要基于石墨烯纳米结构对称性的改变和体系中电子密度的增加来影响石墨烯纳米结构的等离激元共振。相对于纯六角石墨烯纳米结构,在低能共振区,取代型氮掺杂六角石墨烯纳米结构的等离激元共振能量发生了红移。相对于纯矩形石墨烯纳米结构,在低能共振区,取代型氮掺杂矩形石墨烯纳米结构沿扶手椅型边界方向激发时,其等离激元共振能量发生了蓝移;沿Z字型边界激发时,其主要的等离激元共振模式受掺杂氮的影响较小。     

提高红外微测辐射热计光谱吸收率的金属光栅结构研究

为提高红外微测辐射热计的光谱吸收率,设计一种基于表面等离激元的金属光栅促吸收结构,研究光栅结构参数对光谱吸收率的影响规律。以金作为光栅材料,利用等离激元的谐振结构,克服金属材料的高反射特性,增强红外微测辐射热计的红外吸收能力。通过改变光栅的结构参数,对等离子共振波长进行调节,提高红外微测辐射计工作波段内的光谱吸收效率。利用有限差分法,分析光栅参数对光谱吸收率的影响机理,研究金属光栅的周期、占空比和高度对光谱吸收率的调控规律。随着光栅周期由2μm逐渐增加到5μm,吸收峰的峰值波长发生明显的红移现象,吸收峰高度呈现出较明显的下降趋势。随着光栅占空比从0.2逐渐增加到0.5,红外吸收峰的峰值波长向短波长移动,吸收峰高度也逐渐增高,但吸收峰宽度逐渐变窄。光栅厚度对吸收峰的峰值影响不大,当厚度达到一定程度后,峰值基本保持不变。峰值波长随厚度增加出现不同程度的减小,当厚度不足100 nm时,峰值波长减小的程度较大,随着厚度的继续增加,下降趋势逐渐变缓,基本维持在10.6μm附近。通过分析光栅结构参数对光谱吸收率的影响机理,对光栅结构参数的进一步优化,大幅提高氧化钒红外微测辐射热计的红外光谱吸收率, 8～14μm的平均吸收率达61.6%,峰值吸收率在99%以上。金属光栅的光谱吸收率促吸收结构研究,对高性能红外微测辐射热计的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

金微纳阵列表面等离激元中红外波段光谱特性

表面等离激元是金属表面自由电子在入射光激发下产生的电子集体振荡行为及其相应的电磁场分布。目前，金微纳颗粒表面等离激元除了在可见光波段内被大量研究和应用外，在中红外波段内也显示出独特的光谱特性，具备设计生产优良传感器的潜力，因而同样备受瞩目。研究表明，在中红外波段内设计表面等离激元传感器的关键问题在于如何有效地调节共振谱的共振波长、峰值吸收率以及半峰宽等主要特征参数。相比于单个微纳颗粒而言，阵列结构由于拥有良好的周期性，从而能够在上述参数的宽光谱调节方面具有独特的优势。基于此，提出一种基于金微纳颗粒组成的阵列结构，利用时域有限差分方法，在4～18 μm波段范围内，通过分别改变该阵列的结构参数，包括颗粒半径、高度、间距及颗粒形状等，系统地研究了该微纳阵列结构在中红外波段对入射光的反射光谱、透射光谱和吸收光谱等特性的影响。研究发现，在8～10 μm光谱内，入射光能够与其所激发的金微纳阵列表面等离激元产生共振效应，表现出明显的共振峰特性。可以通过分别改变上述结构参数来有效调节吸收率谱线共振峰的共振波长、峰值吸收率和半峰宽等主要特征参数。研究结果对中红外光谱内基于金微纳阵列结构传感器的科学研究和实际设计具有独特的理论应用价值。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.