10TeV宇宙线时间变化研究

利用羊八井ASγ二期阵列实验数据,分析研究了10TeV宇宙线时间变化,以10.4σ和9.6σ的显著性发现了10TeV宇宙线流强气象效应修正后的半太阳日和太阳日周期变化,没有发现有恒星日变化.同时发现10TeV宇宙线流强有7天左右周期变化的迹象.     

基于小波变换的1—10TeV宇宙线周期变化研究

利用小波变换, 结合折叠周期分析方法, 对羊八井宇宙线观测站Tibet AS γ阵列1998年4—6月的实验记录数据进行了周期分析, 发现 TeV和10 TeV宇宙线流强观测数据中包含0.5 和1 d周期变化, 其信噪比分别达到10和6. TeV宇宙线0.5 和1 d周期变化的最大变化幅度分别约为0.3%和0.5%, 10 TeV宇宙线约为0.4%和0.7%. We use the technique of wavelet analysis and epoch folding methods to search for the superimposed periodic signals of 1—10 TeV cosmic ray in the data obtained with Tibet Ⅱ/HD AS Array for April to June of 1998. Solar time semi diurnal and diurnal variations have been detected with about signal noise ratio 10 and 6 for the 1 TeV and 10 TeV cosmic ray flux respectively. The semi diurnal variations are of an amplitude 0.3%, a phase 0.9 for 1 TeV cosmic ray and 0.4%, 0.9 for 10 TeV. The diurnal variations are of amplitude 0.5%, 0.7%, and phase 0.8 for 1 TeV and 10 TeV cosmic ray respectively.     

日影偏离度与太阳平均磁场的关联

利用西藏羊八井空气簇射阵列1990年6月至1996年8月间观测到的10TeV宇宙线的太阳阴影位置,以及相同期间的太阳表面平均磁场的数值,研究了太阳阴影的偏离度与太阳平均磁场的关系,并结合简单的理论模型对这种关系进行了计算和解释.     

宇宙线与超新星的关联

宇宙线是存在于恒星际、星系际间的超高能粒子流,主要是由原子核(其中,主要是氢原子核,即质子)、电子等组成。1912年,维克托.赫斯(VictorHess)在一次高空气球飞行实验中首次记录到宇宙线。经过了90多年的发展,如今宇宙线观测的能量范围已能从低能区(107eV)到高能区(1021eV),直跨13个数量级,流量落差达30多个数量级,其能谱的总结构呈现为非热幂律谱特征,即流量(N)与能量(ε)的关系满足N(ε)=Aε-α,但是整体能谱曲线在1015eV和1019eV附近都有明显的折断,我们把这些折断处分别称之为“膝”和“踝”,相应的在这些不同能量段上的幂律指数α…     

无限风光在险峰——为羊八井宇宙线观测站建立五周年而作

 自1990年元月10日一期阵列建成并于同年六月开始正式运行以来,羊八井宇宙线观测站己经问世五周年了。五年,在已有的高山站中是个很小的数字（见表1）,然而羊八井已挤身国际超高能γ天文实验三大主力行列而名扬海外。是什么使得它如此神奇?扩大了四倍的羊八井二期阵列将会有什么表现?羊八井三期发展计划将会给地面宇宙线实验和γ天文学科形势带来怎样的变化?这些不仅是羊八井实验的参与者也是所有关心羊八井事业、想了解羊八井立足我国自然优势发展国际合作推动学科发展的经验的人们所感兴趣的事情。     

银河宇宙线的统计模型

假设能量低于3×10^l8eV的宇宙线主要起源于银河系超新星爆发,用各向同性弥散传播模型详细研究了铁核的非定态空间密度分布,考虑到原初宇宙线的成份和河外宇宙线的影响,以及银河系超新星在空间和时间上的一个合理分布,该统计模型能很好解释10¹²—10²⁰eV宇宙线的观测谱.     

寻找10TeV能区的γ射线暴

利用西藏羊八井大气簇射实验数据,开展了对10TeV能区γ暴的全天区搜寻. 分析了4亿个簇射事例,找出在给定的时间间隔和给定的小天区内出现的簇射事例团. 采用等天顶角方法来估计背景. 有少量事例团显示了对背景的超出,但它们的显著性还不够高,尚不足以认定为γ暴. 讨论了羊八井二期阵列实验对寻找10TeVγ暴所具有的高灵敏度.     

能量大于10GeV的宇宙线中超硬正电子的起源

本文构造了一个SU(3)_L×U(1)模型,并把模型中的重轻子(N粒子)与黑暗物质粒子等同起来.通过引入适当的相互作用,N粒子可以发生微弱的衰变,从而解释了参量大于10GeV的宇宙线中超硬正电子的起源.     

用羊八井太阳宇宙线探测装置对太阳耀斑中子的初步探测

羊八井的地理优势特别适合于对太阳耀斑中子的观测.中日双方合作在羊八井建造了太阳中子望远镜和中子监测器,准备在第23太阳活动周的峰年到来之际,对太阳耀斑中子进行观测.设备于1998年10月开始采集数据,并在1998年11月28日观察到伴随一次X3.3级耀斑的计数超出.本文报道初步的探测结果.     

Modulation of galactic cosmic ray intensities by coronal mass ejections into interplanetary space

The data on the measurements of the intensities of galactic cosmic rays with proton energies greater than 30 MeV are compared with the data on the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field measured on board the Vega-1 and Vega-2 automated interplanetary stations. Modulation structures with characteristic shapes and durations, namely quasi-symmetric (“bays”) short-term Forbush decreases of intensity, are revealed. It is shown that these Forbush decreases were recorded due to the stations flying through coronal mass-ejection regions. Original Russian Text ? E.A. Chuchkov, V.I. Tulupov, V.P. Okhlopkov, G.P. Lyubimov, 2009, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Fizika, 2009, No. 3, pp. 90–93.     

Solar wind and cosmogenic rare gases in Luna 16 and 20 soils and their correlation with cosmic ray produced fossil tracks in lunar samples

The elemental and isotopic composition of Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe were measured in the bulk soil samples obtained from Luna 16 and 20 missions. The average cosmic ray exposure ages for the Luna 16 soils is higher than that of Luna 20 soils. The trapped solar wind composition is deduced by correcting for the cosmogenic component and is found to be in good agreement with the values published by others. The correlation between the solar wind gases and cosmic ray tracks in lunar samples is quantitatively studied and some systematic features regarding lunar regolith dynamics are tentatively established.     

一个和X级太阳耀斑相关的甚高能GLE事件

分析怀柔宇宙线EAS阵列在1991年6月份的计数率,数据表明在6月15日的太阳X12/3B级大耀斑后的GLE事件持续期间,TeV能区的宇宙线强度在25min内比通常有将近4a的超出,增强过程持续约25min.     

Comment on "Strong signature of the active Sun in 100 years of terrestrial insolation data" by W. Weber

An analysis of ground-based observations of solar irradiance was recently published in this journal, reporting an apparent increase of solar irradiance on the ground of the order of 1% between solar minima and maxima [1]. Since the corresponding variations in total solar irradiance on top of the atmosphere are accurately determined from satellite observations to be of the order of 0.1% only [2], the one order of magnitude stronger effect in the terrestrial insolation data was interpreted as evidence for cosmic-ray induced aerosol formation in the atmosphere. In my opinion, however, this result does not reflect reality. Using the energy budget of Earth's surface, I show that changes of ground-based insolation with the solar cycle of the order of 1% between solar minima and maxima would result in large surface air temperature variations which are inconsistent with the instrumental record. It would appear that the strong variations of terrestrial irradiance found by [1] are due to the uncorrected effects of volcanic or local aerosols and seasonal variations. Taking these effects into account, I find a variation of terrestrial insolation with solar activity which is of the same order as the one measured from space, bringing the surface energy budget into agreement with the solar signal detected in temperature data.     

A study of daily variation in cosmic ray intensity during high/low amplitude days

A detailed study has been conducted on the long-term changes in the diurnal, semi-diurnal and tri-diurnal anisotropies of cosmic rays in terms of the high/low amplitude anisotropic wave train events (HAE/LAE) during the period 1981–94 using the neutron monitor data from Deep River Neutron Monitoring Station. In all, 38 HAE and 28 LAE cases have been studied. An inter-comparison of the first three harmonics during these events has been made so as to understand the basic reason for the occurrence of these types of events. It has been observed that the phase of diurnal anisotropy shifts towards earlier hours for HAEs and it shifts towards earlier hour as compared to 18-h direction for LAEs. For semi-diurnal anisotropy, phase remains statistically the same for both HAE and LAE. In the case of tri-diurnal anisotropy, phase is evenly distributed for both types of events. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind plasma (SWP) parameters during these events are also investigated. It has also been observed that HAE/LAEs are weakly dependent on high-speed solar wind velocity. The two types of solar wind streams (corotating streams and flare-generated streams) produce significant deviations in cosmic ray intensity during HAE/LAE.      

Strong signature of the active Sun in 100 years of terrestrial insolation data

Terrestrial solar irradiance data of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory from 1905 to 1954 and of Mauna Loa Observatory from 1958 to 2008 are analyzed. The analysis shows that, with changing solar activity, the atmosphere modifies the solar irradiance on the percentage level, in all likelihood via cosmic ray intensity variations produced by the active sun. The analysis strongly suggests that cosmic rays cause a large part of the atmospheric aerosols. These aerosols show specific absorption and scattering properties due to an inner structure of hydrated ionic centers, most probably of O₂^‐ and O₂⁺ produced by the cosmic rays.     

Effect of solar features and interplanetary parameters on geomagnetosphere during solar cycle-23

The dependence of geomagnetic activity on solar features and interplanetary (IP) parameters is investigated. Sixty-seven intense (−200 nT ≤ Dst < −100 nT) and seventeen superintense (Dst < −200 nT) geomagnetic storms (GMSs) have been studied from January 1996 to April 2006. The number of intense and superintense GMSs show three distinct peaks during the 11-year period of 23rd solar cycle. The largest number of high strength GMSs are observed during maximum phase of solar cycle. Halo and partial halo CMEs are likely to be the major cause for these GMSs of high intensity. No relationship is observed between storm duration and the number of CMEs involved in its occurrence. The intensity of the GMS is also independent of the number of CMEs causing the occurrence of storm. These geoeffective CMEs show western and northern bias. Majority of the geoeffective CMEs are associated with X-ray solar flares (SFs). Solar and IP parameters, e.g., V _CME, V _SW, B, B _z (GSE and GSM coordinates) and their products, e.g., V _SW · B and V _SW · B _z are observed and correlated to predict the occurrence of intense GMSs. V _CME does not seem to be the appropriate parameter with the correlation coefficient, r = −0.2 with Dst index, whereas the correlation coefficient, r = −0.57, −0.65, 0.75, −0.68 and 0.77 of the parameters V _SW, B, B _z , V _SW · B and V _SW · B _z respectively, with Dst indicating that V _SW · B _z and B _z may be treated as the significant contributors in determining the strength of GMSs.      

Study of cosmic ray diurnal variation on a day-to-day basis

From a careful examination of the diurnal variation of cosmic ray intensity at high energies and the interplanetary field characteristics, the average characteristics of diurnal variation were recently explained by us in terms of a balance between outward convection and field aligned diffusion, the latter arising out of a positive radial density gradient. In this paper, we extend this new concept to explain the large variability observed in the diurnal variation on a day-to-day basis and further demonstrate that the measurement of diurnal anisotropy characteristic of cosmic ray particles on a day-to-day basis can be used directly to infer the nature and scale sizes of interplanetary field parameters. Comparing with the magnetic field vector, we show that this simple concept holds good on more than 80% of days. On the rest 20% of days which have a predominant morning maxima, the diurnal anisotropy characteristics seem to indicate the presence of a significant component of transverse diffusion current in addition to the normal convection and diffusion flow. Such days are found to be present in the form of trains of consecutive days and are found to be associated with abrupt changes in the interplanetary field direction having scale sizes >4 hr. The value ofK _⊥/K _‖ which is normally about ⩽0.05 is found to be ≈1.0 on non-field aligned days.