深圳市儿童发锌含量的分析研究

报道了深圳市988名1－7岁儿童头发中的锌平均值为79．88±21．88（×10-6）。男性儿童缺锌402例，占男性调查儿童的78．88％；女性儿童缺锌362例，占75．57％；总缺乏力764例，占77．33％；男女儿童锌含量性别间有显著意义。     

湖南省湘潭市1038例儿童血铅调查

于 2 0 0 0年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 6月在湖南省湘潭市对 1 0 38例 1～ 8岁儿童进行了血铅抽样调查。结果显示 2 85例儿童血铅 >1 0 0 μg/L ,占调查人数的 2 7 7%。男女童之间血铅水平无显著差异P >0 0 5。高血铅年龄分布在 2岁组、 6岁年龄组 ,与其他年龄组比较有显著差异P <0 0 5。工业区儿童血铅水平高于市中心区P <0 0 1 ,农村郊区儿童血铅水平最低。本调查为湖南湘潭地区环境治理提供了科学依据。     

海口市儿童发铅含量调查

报道了海口市440例1－7岁儿童的发铅含量,其中有135例儿童有慢性铅中毒的倾向,占总数的30．68％。同时对不同地区的同龄儿童发铅含量进行了比较,提出了一些预防铅中毒的有效措施。     

2623例4～7岁儿童头发微量元素的检测分析

为掌握广东省惠阳市儿童微量元素及营养状况,为今后的微量元素缺乏病的临床诊断提供科学依据。对本市2623例4－7岁集体儿童进行随机检测头发中元素钙、铁、锌、铜、锰、铅的含量。结果表明,异常儿占51．12％,女孩占36．33％;城市集体儿童异常占55．21％,乡镇集体儿童异常占44．18％。提示不论是城市的儿童或是儿童均存在微量元素的缺乏或过高,都是保健的重点。     

360名儿童血铅和血锌的检测及相关性分析

铅和锌是微量元素中对人体特别是儿童的生长发育有很大影响的因素。随机检测了 6间幼儿园 3 60名 3～ 6岁儿童的血锌和血铅含量水平 ,血铅 >0 1 μg/mL的儿童占 2 7 2 2 %。对高铅儿童的血锌水平与血铅正常儿童的血锌水平进行相关性比较 ,在分年龄组的比较中 ,3岁组与 6岁组存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;在分性别的比较中 ,男童的血锌水平存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。     

奉化市949例儿童铅污染调查分析

为了解浙江省奉化市儿童血铅水平 ,于 1 999年 1 0月采用 2 0 0 2ZPP锌原卟啉血液荧光测定仪 ,对该市 94 9例 4～ 6岁儿童血铅进行了测定。测定结果发现ZPP水平≥ 2 98/g·Hb有 331例 ,占 34 88%。并对相关因素进行了调查 ,发现居室环境、饮食习惯、不良卫生习惯、父母职业等对儿童的铅污染有关 ,但也有 4 7例原因不明。因此 ,儿童保健工作者在日常工作中要加强如何避免儿童铅污染的宣教及指导 ,同时要常规开展血铅测定 ,早期发现 ,及早干预     

广州市东山区0～6岁儿童血铅水平调查及对策探讨

为了解广州市东山区 0～ 6岁儿童血铅水平现状及其影响因素 ,探讨相应的预防策略 ,于2 0 0 2年 1～ 1 2月对东山区当年入托儿所、幼儿园 65 3名 0～ 6岁儿童进行了血铅等六种元素检测 ,并对被检测儿童家长发放调查问卷 ,进行了儿童个人情况及家庭生活环境等调查。结果表明 ,65 3名儿童血铅水平为 ( 89 2 3± 2 4 3 4) μg/L ,儿童铅中毒 (诊断标准≥ 1 0 0 μg/L)的比例是 46 7% ,儿童铅中毒以Ⅰ～Ⅱ级为主 ,我区儿童铅中毒流行率 46 7% ,低于我国城市儿童铅中毒的流行率5 1 7% ;高铅组儿童出现钙、锌、铁缺乏发生率较低铅组高 ,并有显著性差异。儿童铅暴露的主要危险因素依次为儿童在马路上逗留时间长 ,居住环境及经济状况条件差 ,不良的生活和饮食习惯 (与摄取铅有关 ) ,家长对铅中毒的认识不足。提示我区儿童血铅水平、铅中毒比例仍较高 ,应引起有关部门的注意     

普通城镇低龄儿童头发元素含量调查

调查了234例0－6岁儿童头发锌，铁，钙及铅含量。结果显示，存在食欲不振者90．59％，反复发生呼吸道感染及肠道感染者占55．98％，严重生长迟缓者占7．89％；缺锌儿童占调查总数的40．59％，缺铁者占34．62％，缺铁者占27．77％。     

3671例少儿头发微量元素检测结果的分析

为掌握广州市某大型国有企业属下的幼儿园、小学、中学生微量元素状况,给微量元素缺乏病的临床诊断提供科学依据,对该企业的5所幼儿园、2所小学、1所中学的3 671例儿童进行了头发中元素钙、锌、铁、铜、锰、碘、铅的含量检测。结果表明,缺钙181人次,占4.9%;缺铁177人次,占4.8%;缺锌769人次,占20.9%;缺铜551人次,占15.0%;缺碘2 056人次,占56.0%;缺锰129人次,占3.5%;高铅2 668人次,占72.7%。提示幼儿园、小学生存在微量元素缺乏比例大,中学生除了碘、锰外大多数微量元素都不缺乏,无论是幼儿、小学生或中学生有害元素铅都偏高,是保健的重点。     

儿童全血微量元素的年龄分布特点

分析了 7岁以下儿童全血微量元素水平 ,以发现不同年龄组常见的全血微量元素含量异常的特点。利用SPSS1 1 0统计软件包 ,共分析了 2 1 48名儿童的全血锌、铁、铜、钙、锰及铅含量。结果显示 ,广州市儿童微量元素异常的发生情况依次为轻 中度的铅中毒 ( 4 7 49% )、锌缺乏( 9 64% )及钙缺乏 ( 1 49% )。 2岁组～ 3岁组及 5岁组～ 7岁组间各种微量元素的变化幅度较大 ,但各年龄组间的变化无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。提示影响我市 7岁以下儿童身体健康的全血微量元素水平异常主要为铅中毒和锌缺乏 ,其次为钙和锰水平低下     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。