苯分子与Si_6O_18H_12和Al_6O_24H_30团簇模型相互作用的理论研究(英文)

粘土矿已经被广泛用来去除有机物,修复和净化被石油碳氢化合物污染的土壤和地下水.我们选择高岭石作为研究对象,构造了Si6O18H12和Al6O24H30两个团簇模型分别代表高岭石的硅氧层表面和铝氧层表面,在MP2/6-31G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)的理论水平上系统地研究了气态下苯分子和高岭石团簇模型的相互作用.并进一步分析了苯分子和高岭石表面相互作用的各种气态性质,比如:优化的几何构型、结构参数、吸附能、自然键轨道电荷分布、振动频率变化、静电势、电子密度性质(次级氢键的电子密度和拉普拉斯算符值)和电子密度差分等.优化的几何构型表明苯分子吸附在高岭石表面的本质可能是次级氢键的形成.其他性质的结果进一步验证了次级氢键的存在,并指出苯更倾向于吸附在高岭石的铝氧层表面,且苯环和铝氧层表面形成近似90°的夹角.     

乙醇-水分子团簇C2H5OH(H2O)n (n=1-9)稳定结构的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法, 在B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上对乙醇-水分子团簇(C₂H₅OH(H₂O)_n (n=1-9))的各种性质进行研究, 如: 优化的几何构型、结构参数、氢键、结合能、平均氢键强度、自然键轨道(NBO)电荷分布、团簇的生长规律等. 结果表明, 从二维(2-D)环状结构到三维(3-D)笼状结构的过渡出现在n=5的乙醇-水分子团簇中. 此外, 利用团簇结合能的二阶差分、形成能、能隙等性质, 发现在n=6时乙醇-水分子团簇的最低能量结构稳定性较好, 可能为幻数结构. 最后, 为了进一步探讨氢键本质, 将C₂H₅OH(H₂O)_n (n=2-9)最低能量结构的各种性质与纯水分子团簇(H₂O)_n (n=3-10)比较, 结果表明前者与后者中的水分子之间氢键相似.     

Li和Al掺杂的MgO(001)表面负载W3O9团簇的构型与电子结构

采用基于第一性原理的分子动力学和量子力学相结合的方法, 对W₃O₉团簇在经Li 和Al 原子掺杂的MgO(001)表面的负载构型、稳定性以及体系的电子结构进行了系统研究. 结果表明, 当掺杂发生在表层时, 杂质原子的类型对W₃O₉团簇的负载构型有显著影响. 对于缺电子的Li 掺杂, 负载后W₃O₉团簇环状构型并不稳定, 转化为链状结构; 而Al 原子的掺杂则使得MgO(001)表面电子富余, 此时W₃O₉团簇存在平躺和垂直两种吸附方式, 二者能量稳定性相近, 其中前者存在同时与三个W原子成键的帽氧结构. 当掺杂发生在次表层时, 两种掺杂体系W₃O₉的负载构型相似, 团簇仍保持环状结构并倾向于采用垂直方式沉积在表面上. 与Li 掺杂体系相比, 富电子的Al 掺杂可显著增强W₃O₉与MgO(001)表面之间的结合能力, 负载后有较多电子从表面转移到团簇中特定的W原子上, 这将对W₃O₉团簇的催化性能产生显著影响.     

水分子在高岭石中插层行为的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,在B3LYP/6-31G(d)理论水平上,构建高岭石的层间团簇模型Si6Al6O42H42(层间距为0.844 0和1.000 0nm),并对高岭石层间及其与n(n=1～3)个水分子相互作用的团簇的各种性质进行研究,如优化的几何构型、电子密度、氢键、能量、NBO电荷分布、振动频率等.结果表明,随着水分子个数n(n=1～3)的增加,体系的能量逐渐降低.水分子通过多种类型的氢键插层于高岭石层间,其中水分子间的氢键强度最强,其次是水分子与铝氧层之间形成的氢键,再次是水分子与硅氧层之间的氢键;层间距随着插层分子的增多而增大,但高岭石层间的活性位点依然存在,且位置较插层前没有明显变化.     

O与O2在Au团簇上吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的Dmol³程序系统研究了O原子与O₂在 Au₁₉与Au₂₀团簇上的吸附反应行为. 结果表明: O在Au₁₉团簇顶端洞位上的吸附较Au₂₀强; 在侧桥位吸附强度相近. O与O₂在带负电Au团簇上吸附较强, 在正电团簇吸附较弱. 从O―O键长看, 当金团簇带负电时, O―O键长较长, 中性团簇次之, 正电团簇中O―O键长较短, 因而O₂活化程度依次减弱. 电荷布居分析表明, Au团簇带负电时, O与O₂得电子数较中性团簇多, 而团簇带正电时, 得电子数较少. 差分电荷密度(CDD)表明, O₂与Au团簇作用时, 金团簇失电子, O₂的π^*轨道得电子, 使O―O键活化. O₂在Au₁₉^-团簇上解离反应活化能为1.33 eV, 较中性团簇低0.53 eV; 而在Au₁₉⁺上活化能为2.27 eV, 较中性团簇高0.41 eV, 这与O₂在不同电性Au₁₉团簇O―O键活化规律相一致.     

Pt原子在γ-Al2O3(001)表面的吸附及迁移

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中广义梯度近似(GGA)方法, 对Pt原子与γ-Al₂O₃(001)面的相互作用及迁移性能进行了研究. 分析了各种可能吸附位及吸附构型的松弛和变形现象, 吸附能和迁移能垒的计算结果表明: Pt团簇能够稳定吸附在该表面. Pt原子在表面O位的吸附能明显较高, 这主要是由Pt向基底O原子转移了电子所致. 电荷布居分析表明, Pt原子显电正性, Pt和Al原子之间存在排斥作用, 导致与Al原子产生较弱相互作用. 计算的平均吸附能大小依赖于Pt团簇的大小和形状, 总体趋势是随着Pt原子数增多, 吸附能降低. Pt原子在γ-Al₂O₃(001)表面迁移过程所需克服的迁移能垒最高值为0.51 eV. 随着吸附的Pt原子数增多,更倾向于形成Pt团簇. 因此, Pt原子在γ-Al₂O₃(001)表面的吸附演变不可能形成光滑、均匀平铺的吸附构型, 而在一定条件下容易出现团聚.     

Aun(n=2-9)团簇与乙醇分子相互作用的第一性原理研究

利用密度泛函理论研究了Au_n(n=2-9)团簇吸附一个乙醇分子的结构和电子性质. 研究结果表明: Au_n(n=2-9)团簇的最稳定构型为二维平面结构, Au6团簇最稳定; 吸附过程是通过金团簇上一个特定的金原子与乙醇分子中氧原子相互作用完成, 形成了20种稳定构型; 金原子的配位数对吸附作用影响明显; 作为吸附主体的金团簇和被吸附的乙醇分子在吸附前后构型无明显变化, 它们之间为弱相互作用.     

1,3,5-三硝基苯在高岭石表面吸附的理论研究

构造了高岭石硅氧层和铝氧层的团簇模型(分别为Si₁₃O₃₇H₂₂和Al₆O₂₄H₃₀), 并分别在B3LYP/6-31G(d), MP2/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)和B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)理论水平上对1,3,5-三硝基苯(TNB)在高岭石表面的吸附性质(如优化的几何构型、 结构参数、 吸附能、 振动频率、 静电势和分子轨道等)进行了研究. 结果表明, TNB和硅氧层表面间的相互作用以静电和范德华相互作用为主; TNB与铝氧层间的相互作用以氢键为主, 且TNB和铝氧层间相互作用的能量更低, 结构更稳定.     

三核钨簇合物-V2O5催化剂对苯乙烯氧化反应的催化

本文研究了三核钨簇合物［W₃O₂(CH₃CO₂)₆(H₂O)₃］Br₃·2H₂O与一些物质组成的二元催化剂对苯乙烯氧化反应的催化作用,结果表明：钨簇合物-V₂O₅催化剂对苯乙烯氧化反应的催化效果特别显著,而且在反应前后其重量、结构及催化活性基本不变,可以多次回收重复使用。对影响钨簇合物-V₂O₅催化剂催化性能的几个因素进行了讨论,测定了催化剂及其吸附氧气的红外光谱,说明钨簇合物及V₂O₅可以与O₂形成分子氧配合物及超氧(O^-₂)配合物。     

单壁碳纳米管上毒性苯气体净化的分子模拟

采用巨正则系综蒙特卡罗(GCMC)方法研究了空气中微量苯组分在单臂碳纳米管(SWNTs)上的吸附净化. 模拟表明, 具有较大孔径的(20,20)纳米管比较适合吸附纯苯蒸汽, 而对于移除空气中的毒性苯物质, 苯的吸附选择性分别在(12,12)纳米管及4.0 MPa时和(18,18)纳米管及0.1 MPa时出现最小值和最大值. 为了解释这一异常行为, 我们进一步分析了N₂-O₂-C₆H₆混合物的局部密度分布、吸附分子构型和概率密度分布, 发现(18,18)纳米管内外完全被苯分子占据, 而对于(12,12)纳米管, 由于存在更强的吸附质-吸附剂相互作用, 空气分子更倾向于吸附在管与管之间的间隙. 此外, 吸附分子的空间有序参数表明大多数苯分子采取“平躺”在纳米管表面的定位, 而线性的N₂和O₂分子则多数平行于孔轴方向. 最后研究了温度和苯分子主体相浓度对分离效果的影响. 我们发现较大孔中的选择性随着温度的增加比小孔下降更加明显. 与此对比, 主体相苯浓度对小孔中的选择性起到更加重要的作用.     

A molecule based on polyoxometalate acid and crown ether: synthesis and characterization of [(H3O)(C20H24O6)]2[HPMo12O40]·C20H24O6·3MeCN·H2O (C20H24O6=dibenzo-18-crown-6)

The new molecule based on 12-molybdophosphate acid and dibenzo-18-crown-6, [(H₃O)(C₂₀H₂₄O₆)]₂[HPMo₁₂O₄₀]·C₂₀H₂₄O₆·3MeCN·H₂O 1, was synthesized in acetonitrile and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, ¹H NMR, electrospray mass spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction, indicating that it contains [(H₃O)(dibenzo-18-crown-6)]⁺ cations, where oxonium ions are out of the planes defined by crown ether oxygen atoms, and disordered PMo₁₂O₄₀³⁻ anions with α-Keggin structure where the crystal has high lattice energy so that it is difficult to dissolve it. The crystallographic disorder averages Mo-Mo distances and Mo-O_b/c-Mo angles between the M₃ triplets and within the M₃ triplet. The interactions between crown ether molecules and oxonium ions are hydrogen-bonding with the O(crown ether)-OH₃⁺ distances of 2.510(10)-2.783(7) Å. The interactions between [(H₃O)(dibenzo-18-crown-6)]⁺ cations and PMo₁₂O₄₀³⁻ anions are dominantly electrostatic. The electrical conductivity is <10⁻⁷ S.cm⁻¹.     

水合Pb(OH)~+在高岭石(001)晶面的吸附机理(英文)

采用密度泛函理论广义梯度近似平面波赝势法,结合周期平板模型,探讨了水体环境中Pb(OH)+在高岭石铝氧八面体(001)晶面的吸附行为和机理,确定了吸附配合物的结构、配位数、优势吸附位和吸附类型.结果表明,Pb(II)与高岭石铝氧(001)面的氧原子形成单齿或双齿配合物,其配位数为3-5,均为半方位构型.高岭石表面存在含"平伏"氢原子的表面氧(Ol)位和含"直立"氢原子的氧(Ou)位,后者更易与Pb(OH)+单齿配位,该吸附配合物具有较高的结合能(-182.60 kJ·mol-1),为优势吸附物种;高岭石表面位于同一个Al原子上的"OuOl"位可形成双齿配合物.表面Ol与水分子配体形成氢键,对配合物的稳定性起到关键作用.Mulliken布居和态密度分析表明,高岭石单齿配合物中Pb―O成键机理主要为Pb 6p轨道与Pb 6s―O 2p反键轨道进行耦合,电子转移到反键轨道.双齿配合物"Pb―Ol―H"共配位结构中,受配位氢原子影响,Pb―Ol成键过程成键态电子填充占主导地位.     

Theoretical study of polyoxide clusters B20O30, Al20O30, V20O50, Si20O30H20, and Si20O30F20

The structural, electronic, and vibrational characteristics and energies of the isolated polyoxide clusters B₂₀O₃₀, Al₂₀O₃₀, V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀ and their complexes with the H⁻ ion and ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ have been calculated by the density functional theory B3LYP method with different basis sets. The computation results show that the symmetric closo structure I _h with oxygen bridges located above the centers of the faces of an empty [M₂₀] dodecahedron is more favorable for V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀. For B₂₀O₃₀, the cage closo isomer is also more favorable than the other isomers, but its structure is severely distorted as compared to a dodecahedron and has a symmetry close to C ₃ . For Al₂₀O₃₀, the I _h structure corresponds to a high-lying local minimum of the potential energy surface. For Al₂₀O₃₀, a set of unusual puckshaped isomers of symmetry C _i , with different numbers of four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and three-coordinate atoms ^IIIO, was localized; these structures are more than 90 kcal/mol more favorable than the dodecahedron I _h . The most favorable isomer of Al₂₀O₃₀ contains twelve four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and four five-coordinate atoms ^VAl. The energies of dissociation of the most favorable M₂₀O₃₀ clusters into the M₂O₃ (C _2v ) and M₄O₆ (T _d ) fragments and, in the case of Al₂₀O₃₀, also into the Al₈O₁₂ (O _h ) and Al₁₂O₁₈ (D _3d ) fragments, have been estimated. The conclusion has been drawn that these clusters can, in principle, exist and can be experimentally detected in the isolated state. Analogous calculations have been performed for ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ with n varying from 1 to 20. The effect of solvation on the relative stability of the dodecahedral and puckshaped isomers of the Al₂₀O₃₀ cluster is observed. The isomers with ammonia molecules in their first coordination sphere become much closer to one another on the energy scale; however, the dodecahedron remains a considerably less favorable intermediate. Original Russian Text ? O.P. Charkin, N.M. Klimenko, D.O. Charkin, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 624–635.     

Magnetic diphase nanostructure of ZnFe2O4/γ-Fe2O3

Magnetic diphase nanostructures of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The formation reactions were optimized by tuning the initial molar ratios of Fe/Zn. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. It is found that when the initial molar ratio of Fe/Zn is larger than 2, a diphase magnetic nanostructure of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ was formed, in which the presence of ZnFe₂O₄ enhanced the thermal stability of γ-Fe₂O₃. Further increasing the initial molar ratio of Fe/Zn larger than 6 destabilized the diphase nanostructure and yielded traces of secondary phase α-Fe₂O₃. The grain surfaces of diphase nanostructure exhibited a spin-glass-like structure. At room temperature, all diphase nanostructures are superparamagnetic with saturation magnetization being increased with γ-Fe₂O₃ content.     

Freezing Point of Mixtures of C6H6 with C6D6 or 13C6H6 and of CH3COOH with CH3COOD or CD3COOD

The freezing points of mixtures of benzene, C₆H₆, with one of its isotopes, C₆D₆ and ¹³C₆H₆, and those of acetic acid CH₃COOH with its isotopes, CH₃COOD and CD₃COOD, were measured as functions of the molal concentrations of C₆D₆ and ¹³C₆H₆, CH₃COOD and CD₃COOD, respectively. They changed linearly or non-linearly with increasing molal concentration of C₆D₆ and ¹³C₆H₆, CH₃COOD, and CD₃COOD, respectively. These findings confirm Kiyosawas previous conclusion drawn from experiments on the freezing points of mixtures of H₂¹⁶O with H₂¹⁸O or H₂¹⁷O. This hypothesis states that even a difference in the number of neutrons in the hydrogen or oxygen atoms of water molecules makes water molecules behave as different entities with respect to the colligative properties of solutions. This concept can be extended to mixtures of ordinary benzene with either of its isotopes, C₆D₆ or ¹³C₆H₆, and those of ordinary acetic acid CH₃COOH with either of its isotopes, CH₃COOD or CD₃COOD.     

Theoretical study of interaction of heteroaromatic compounds with a cluster model of kaolinite tetrahedral surface

Heteroaromatic hydrocarbons (including thiophene [TH], benzothiophene [BT], and dibenzothiophene [DBT]) do not have apparent functional groups capable of interacting with the silica‐oxide tetrahedral surface of kaolinite. Thus, question remains concerning what would be the driving forces for the adsorption. Here, the Si₁₃O₃₇H₂₂ cluster model for the surface is constructed, and the interactions of the surface with three heteroaromatic compounds are studied at the MP2/6‐31G(d,p)//B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. The computed properties characterizing the complexes include optimized structural parameters, electron density characteristics (the ρ and ? ²ρ values for C? H…O bonds), adsorption energies, vibration frequencies and electrostatic potential maps. The results suggest that the C? H…O hydrogen bonding interactions between the heteroaromatic compounds and tetrahedral surface are likely among the important interactions for the adsorption. The order of the stability of the cluster model of kaolinite complexed with the heteroaromatic compounds is found to be 3Si? O? DBT > 3Si? O? BT > 3Si? O? TH based on the calculations.     

Neutron diffraction study of the defect pyrochlores TaWO5.5, HTaWO6, H2Ta2O6, and HTaWO6 · H2O

The crystal structures of the defect pyrochlores TaWO_5.5, HTaWO₆, DTaWO₆, H₂Ta₂O₆, D_0.4H_1.6Ta₂O₆, and HTaWO₆ · H₂O, have been investigated by neutron powder diffraction. By using conventional refinements, Fourier techniques, and electrostatic potential calculations the individual proton was found to be located in a partially occupied 48f position. At room temperature the oxygen of the water molecule resides in a 32e site close to the 8b position; the diffraction analysis at 4 K does not permit an unequivocal location of the water molecules but indicates a symmetry lowering induced presumably by the ordering of the water molecules.     

Silicon/aluminum and oxygen/nitrogen ordering in lanthanum U−phase (La3Si3Al3O12N2)

High-resolution ²⁹Si, ²⁷Al, ¹⁵N, and ¹⁷O MAS NMR spectra have been obtained for both glass and crystalline samples of lanthanum U-phase, La₃Si₃Al₃O₁₂N₂. Previous X-ray single-crystal studies have shown that this phase is iso-structural with rare-earth gallogermanates of the type Ln₃Ga₅GeO₁₄, the atomic arrangement consisting of layers of [(Si,Al)(O,N)₄] tetrahedra in the x, y plane of the hexagonal unit cell, linked together in the z-direction by [AlO₆] octahedra, with rare-earth cations occupying the large holes in this network. However, previous studies obtained only a limited amount of information about cation and anion ordering, mainly deduced from bond-length data. NMR spectra have not only enabled the change in structure from glass to crystalline ceramic to be monitored, but have also given detailed ordering information about the latter, indicating partial disorder of both (Si,Al) and (O,N) on their respective sites in the tetrahedra.     

一种非血红素四氮杂轮烯配合物[Fe(III)TMTAA]催化过氧化氢歧化反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法计算了一种非血红素四氮杂轮烯配合物[Fe(III)TMTAA]催化H₂O₂歧化的反应机理. 对二重态、四重态和六重态势能面上各驻点进行了全优化, 发现反应易于沿四重态势能面发生. 整个反应分两阶段进行, 第一阶段通过氧氧均裂形成中间体IM6和第一个水, 第二阶段经两次氢转移形成第二个水. 反应决速步骤为 O—O均裂步骤, 能垒为63.9 kJ•mol^－1, 相对于自由H₂O₂均裂所需能垒226.7 kJ•mol^－1有较大的降低. 这表明标题配合物可有效地降低标题反应的能垒, 有可能作为一种潜在的过氧化氢仿酶.