基于2D-OOC的OCDMA系统的地址码结构研究

提出了二维光正交码(2D-OOC)设计方案,围绕光码分多址(OCDMA)技术实用化的两个主要指标-最大并发用户数和系统误码率的改进和提高,系统地研究了基于2D-OOC的OCDMA的性能,分析了2D-OOC码字的相关性,导出了系统的最大用户容量,详细研究了2D-OOC系统以多址干扰为主的系统误码率.研究表明:较之一维时域扩频码或一维谱域扩频码,2D-OOC系统性能大大提高,在大信息量传输时,适当选择码长和码重,系统总容量可高达Tbits/s量级,性能优于基于1D-OOC的OWDM和OCDMA混合系统.     

基于2D-OOC的OCDMA系统的地址码结构研究

提出了二维光正交码 (2D OOC)设计方案 ,围绕光码分多址 (OCDMA)技术实用化的两个主要指标—最大并发用户数和系统误码率的改进和提高 ,系统地研究了基于 2D OOC的OCDMA的性能 ,分析了 2D OOC码字的相关性 ,导出了系统的最大用户容量 ,详细研究了 2D OOC系统以多址干扰为主的系统误码率 .研究表明 :较之一维时域扩频码或一维谱域扩频码 ,2D OOC系统性能大大提高 ,在大信息量传输时 ,适当选择码长和码重 ,系统总容量可高达Tbits/s量级 ,性能优于基于 1D OOC的OWDM和OCDMA混合系统 .     

纠错编码对多速率OCDMA系统性能的改善

将纠错编码(ECC)和素数跳频码技术结合起来,研究了基于纠错编码的多速率OCDMA系统的结构方案,并对未进行纠错编码的多速率OCDMA系统及经过纠错编码的多速率OCDMA系统的误码性能进行了模拟分析和比较。结果表明:如果两系统使用相同码长的光地址码,则经过纠错的编码系统同未经过纠错的编码系统相比,其误码率有了明显的改善;在保持两系统信息传输速率和码片间隔相等的条件下,恰当地选取纠错编码系统的码长,不仅误码性能可得到改善,而且可降低编码器和解码器的制作难度和成本。     

一种基于扩展素数码和单重合序列的二维光正交码EPC/OCS

以扩展素数码(EPC)作为时间扩频伪随机序列,单重合序列(OCS)作为波长跳频伪随机序列,构造了一种新的二维光正交码EPC/OCS,并分析了码字的互相关性能.与修正素数跳频码MPHC相比,EPC/OCS的波长数并不局限于素数,可以是任意整数,不仅构造灵活,而且可充分利用MW OCDMA系统的有效波长数.当系统的有效波长数大于某个素数时,EPC/OCS不仅码字容量大于MPHC,而且互相关性能也有所改善.理论分析表明,EPC/OCS可降低MW OCDMA系统误码率.     

OCDMA系统中2-D码和3-D码

光码分多址(OCDMA)技术主要应用在接入网中。设计大容量的地址码是该技术实用化的前提。本文在构造2 D素数码的基础上提出了一种用于OCDMA系统的空域/频域/时域3 D地址码。这种码基于素数序列运算。理论分析和数学计算结果表明，3 D码比2 D码的容量更大，系统带宽效率更高，误码率(BER)更低，表现出的性能更好。     

OCDMA的一种新型码的构造及实现

提出了一种新型OCDMA多维码构造方案。该多维码是在一维EPC(扩展的素数码)时域码的基础上,对其进行PC(素数码)跳频编码,并加上了偏振信息。然后通过偏振片和FBG(布拉格光线光栅)实现这种码的编解码,详述了其特点,最后描述了使用该地址码进行信息传输的OCDMA系统结构。计算表明该新型地址码具有更大的容量,能容纳更多的用户同时通信。     

一种新的大容量的二维光正交码

构造了一种扩展的双曲线性同余码(EHLC)并分析了其码字性能.用该码作为时间扩频伪随机序列和以素数码(PC)作为波长跳频伪随机序列,再构成一种新的二维光正交码EHLC/PC.然后分析了EHLC/PC码字的性能,并与EQC/PC作了比较.相比之下,前者的互相关性能略有下降,但码字容量大大增加.因此,EHLC/PC适合于用户数较多的OCDMA系统.     

Turbo码对快跳频光码分多址系统性能的改善

在考虑多用户干扰、色散效应和差拍噪声的情况下,分析了Turbo码对二进制脉冲位置调制(BPPM)的快跳频光码分多址(FFH OCDMA)系统性能的影响.在均匀交织器的情况下,用Turbo码的条件重量枚举函数得到了该系统的误码率的上界.数值模拟表明,Turbo码对FFH OCDMA系统的误码率性能有明显的改善,并且随着用户数的提高,Turbo码对误码率的改善程度也随之提高.也就是说,在一定的误码率性能要求下,Turbo编码的FFH OCDMA系统增加了同时使用的用户数.     

一种二维光CDMA地址码的构造及实现方法

对光正交码(OOC)的特性和二维地址码的构造方法进行研究,介绍了一种用于OCDMA系统的二维时间/频率组合码的构造方法,分析该地址码的自相关和互相关特性,以及该地址码的实现方法.分析结果表明,由单极性码OOC构造而成的二维时间/频率组合码OOC/OOC不仅具有良好的自相关和互相关特性,而且可以通过采用光纤布拉格光栅编解码器和阵列波导光栅编解码器实现快速、灵活编码.     

基于光纤布拉格光栅编解码器的直接序列扩频跳频光码分多址系统

提出了一种混合直扩跳频光纤码分多址（DS／FH－OCDMA）系统的实现方法，该系统采用跳频素数码作为扩频码，运用了光纤布拉格光栅序列作为编解码器，并在解码器两端安置了双硬限幅器以提高系统的性能，理论分析和仿真结果表明，该系统具有大用户容量，高功率效率和低误码率等方面的优点。     

基于最大似然准则的多波长OCDMA接收机的最佳判决门限研究

采用最大似然准则,研究了多波长光码分多址接收机的最佳判决门限值.通过检测信道的光信号能量,接收端估计出信道的并发用户数,并通过最大似然准则得到了最佳判决门限值与并发用户数、码字参量的变化关系.当并发用户数超过一定值后,最佳判决门限值将随并发用户数量变化,相应地改变接收机的判决门限值.根据最佳判决门限值,得到了多波长光码分多址系统误码率与并发用户数的关系.理论分析和模拟结果表明,采用最大似然准则得到的最佳判决门限值,MW OCDMA系统的误码率将明显降低.     

一种混合WDMA-OCDMA系统的性能分析

分析了一种混合WDMA OCDMA系统的性能,该系统将可用带宽划分成两部分,一部分用于OCDMA用户,另一部分用于WDMA用户。当可用带宽在WDMA与OCDMA之间不同的分配情况下,研究了该混合系统的总用户数和频谱效率。分析结果表明,在要求的误比特率条件下,随着OCDMA系统占用波长信道数目的增加,WDMA OCDMA混合系统的总用户数将增加,而系统的频谱效率将急剧下降。     

一种多波长OCDMA解码器方案及其性能分析

提出了一种多波长OCDMA（MW OCDMA）系统的光解码器方案,通过多个光硬限幅器来抑制多用户干扰.分析了使用该解码器的MW OCDMA误码率性能、频谱效率和归一化吞吐量性能.分析结果表明,该方案能有效改善MW OCDMA系统的误码率性能,在要求的误码率条件下增加同时用户数,从而能有效改善MW OCDMA系统的频谱效率.同时,采用光硬限幅器的MW OCDMA 系统的归一化吞吐量性能明显提高,特别是归一化吞吐量峰值提高了约一倍.     

New design of spectral amplitude coding in OCDMA with zero cross-correlation

A zero cross-correlation (ZCC) code is proposed to reduce the impact of system impairment and multiple access interference (MAI) in spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) system. Bit-error-rate (BER) performance is derived taking into account the effect of some noises. The key to an effective OCDMA system is the choice of efficient address codes with good or almost zero correlation properties for encoding the source. The use of ZCC code can eradicate phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) which will contribute to better BER. Thus, we demonstrate, theoretically, the performance of optical ZCC code. It is shown that optical ZCC code can accommodate more users simultaneously for the typical error rate of optical communication system of 10⁻⁹. The result indicates that the established system not only preserves the capability of suppressing MAI, but also improves bit-error-rate performance as compared to the conventional coders.     

A novel non-coherent spectral OCDMA system using one-dimensional expanded Hybrid codes for two-code keying

We propose leveraging one-dimensional expanded Hybrid codes (1-D E-Hybrid codes) for two-code keying (TCK) in spectral amplitude coding (SAC) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) networks. Compared with the existing work, the proposed system can utilize all codes and provide a larger code size to support more simultaneous users. The numerical results demonstrate that the 1-D E-Hybrid codes for TCK outperform the existing 1-D approaches in terms of bit error rate (BER), and the data transmission rate can achieve 2.5 Gbps.     

A novel encoder/decoder design scheme utilizing differential detection in OCDMA systems

In this paper, we report the use of differential detection in optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) systems which use encoders and decoders based on unbalanced codes and utilize bipolar modulation/differential detection to demonstrate a significant improvement in system performance. Differential detection has been reported earlier also requiring a large number of one-chips in the code for (balanced codes) or with unbalanced codes with very long temporal dimensions requiring a large number of delay elements (either the delay lines in the ladder-type structures or the gratings in the multiple fiber gratings) making the encoder/decoder structures. We use single pulse per row codes to design our system and carry out the simulations for showing the results. The improved BER performance is achieved that can be traded for increasing the number of codes. Using optical simulation tool, the OCDMA system has been simulated for four users. The results of this system utilizing differential detection and another system that uses the same coding scheme but employing direct detection, for the same number of interfering users, are shown for comparison. The BER and the power penalty plots are shown for the two systems. Also, it is shown that performance degradation occurs due to the linear and non-linear effects of the fiber medium. The BER worsens more rapidly with link length for direct detection case, whereas for differential detection with an initial improvement of 8 dB, the increase in BER is insignificantly small for a link length of 500 km.     

A new family of two-dimensional codes for optical CDMA systems

The design of a new family of two-dimensional single pulse per column codes for optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) networks is reported. The 1-D modified pseudo-noise codes have been known to be orthogonal and their generation and system design based on these codes is rather simple. But their performance is limited due to the bandwidth constraints if the code length increases. Hence, using these 1-D modified pseudo-noise codes, modified 2-D pseudo-noise matrix codes (MPMCs) are generated. The system performance is evaluated for two, three and four simultaneous users using the link with all the sources responsible for degradation included: attenuation, chromatic dispersion, non-linear refractive effects, non-linear scattering and four-wave mixing. The effect of the non-linear and lossy dispersive medium over the system performance is shown by plotting the BER with respect to the link length for the systems designed using encoders/decoders base on 1-D modified pseudo-noise codes and our MPMCs. The performance is compared for the two types of codes by finding the crosstalk due to interfering users simultaneously operating in the network.     

Design and implementation of 2-dimensional wavelength/time codes for OCDMA

In this paper, two-dimensional (2D) wavelength/time codes are designed and implemented. The 2D codes are constructed by a technique based on folding of Golomb rulers. The performance evaluation of OCDMA system based on wavelength/time code has been analyzed by measuring the values of bit error rates and eye diagrams for different number of active users. It is shown that eye opening decreases and BER increases with increase in number of active users. It is also shown that BER further increases with increase in number of active users when number of decoders increases on receiver side. Hence, it is concluded that multiple access interference (MAI) is the dominant source of BER and there is graceful degradation in system performance when number of simultaneously active users increases. The received optical power is also measured at different transmission distance. It has been observed that received optical power decreases with increase in length of fiber due to attenuation.