细长体截面绕流的稳定性及扰动的影响

应用拓扑结构的稳定性理论,分析了细长旋成体截面绕流的结构稳定性．在分析时取极限流线作为流场的内边界,并证明极限流线的鞍点-鞍点连接是拓扑结构稳定的A·D2通过分析发现,由于旋成体背涡的发展,导致截面流场拓扑结构变化,由稳定对称旋涡流态变成不稳定对称旋涡流态．此时流场中存在空间的鞍点-鞍点连接的不稳定拓扑结构,在小扰动下出现分叉,变成稳定非对称旋涡流态,形成非对称背涡．并应用开折理论分析了扰动对流场结构的影响．     

纤维悬浮槽流空间模式稳定性分析

采用扰动的空间发展模式而非通常的时间发展模式,对含有悬浮纤维的槽流进行了线性稳定性分析。建立了适用于纤维悬浮流的稳定性方程并针对较大范围的流动Re数及扰动波角频率进行了数值求解。计算结果表明,纤维轴向抗拉伸力与流体惯性力之比H可以反映纤维对流动稳定性的影响。H增大使临界Re数升高,对应的扰动波数减小,扰动空间衰减率增加,扰动速度幅值的峰值降低,不稳定扰动区域缩小,长波扰动所受影响相对较大。纤维的存在抑制了流场的失稳。     

柱状纤维上超薄液膜的线性稳定性分析

运用线性理论分析了粘性超薄液膜沿柱状纤维垂直下落的稳定性特征,研究了厚度低于100 nm的薄膜在外力驱动下的流动以及van der Waals力的影响．结果表明随着薄膜相对厚度的下降,纤维表面的曲率将使得线性扰动的发展得到抑制,而van der Waals力促进扰动的增长,这一竞争机制导致了增长率随薄膜相对厚度非单调的变化．还得到了流动的绝对和对流不稳定分区．结果表明van der Waals力扩大绝对不稳定流动区域,表面张力也会有利于绝对不稳定的发展,而外驱动力正好起到相反的作用．     

涡旋流动的空间不稳定性分析

本文研究无粘、不可压缩流体的涡旋流动的空间不稳定性,假定扰动波的波数k=k_r+ik_i是一复数,而它的频率ω为一给定的实数。这一假定意味着扰动沿涡旋流动的轴向随距离的增长而增长,但不随时间而增长。这种扰动的产生称之为空间不稳定性;与之相对应的是时间不稳定性,扰动波的波数k为一实数,而频率ω=ω_r+iω_i是一复数。本文的结果表明空间不稳定性分析是全面认识涡旋流动不稳定性的一种有用的工具。     

细长体截面绕流中的一种临界状态

应用拓扑分析的方法研究了细长体截面绕流拓扑结构的演变过程．指出随着细长体背涡的发展,导致截面流场的拓扑结构发生变化,会出现一种临界流动状态．在这种临界流态下,流场中会出现一种高阶奇点．这种高阶奇点的指数为-3/2．这种高阶奇点是结构不稳定的,稍有扰动就会产生分叉,使流场的拓扑结构发生变化．     

剪切流动中短周期声重波的产生与发展

本文根据可压缩情况下的流体力学方程组,采用局域近似理论,建立了剪切流动中扰动的发展方程。本文还导出了剪切流动中声重波的色散关系,给出了参数空间中稳定与不稳定的分界图象,文中还给出了不稳定波增长率和振荡频率随切变强度和波长的分布,发现剪切不稳定性倾向于激发短周期的波动,其本征振荡周期的范围是1—6min按照色散关系和扰动的发展方程,本文讨论了白噪声形式的初始扰动在剪切流动中的演变过程。     

地球物理流动的MHD型三维发展方程组的大解全局L~2稳定性

本文对三维有界及无界区域上描述地球物理流动的磁流体型发展方程解的 全局Ｌ２稳定性进行了讨论．在解满足适当的条件下,证明了此解为稳定的,并得到 非强迫二维磁流体流动在三维扰动下的稳定性．     

混合层无粘稳定性分析的Legendre级数解

基于泛函分析中的不动点理论,采用不动点方法首次获得混合层无粘线性稳定性方程的显式Legendre级数解,该级数解在整个无界流动区域内一致有效．现有基于传统摄动法得到的无界流动区域一致有效解仅适用于长波扰动和中性扰动两种特殊情况,而使用不动点方法可以得到所有不稳定扰动波数的特征解．另外,在不动点方法框架下,扰动相速度和扰动增长率可根据方程的可解性条件来唯一确定．为了验证该方法的有效性,将该方法和现有文献中的数值计算结果相比较,对比结果表明该方法具有精度高、收敛快等优点．     

双层Kidder自相似解及其Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性研究

将单层Kidder自相似解推广到双层,使得两层壳体的交界面两侧存在密度跳跃,使得轻流体向重流体加速产生Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性;通过采用Lagrange坐标下的Godunov方法进行一维直接数值模拟,将模拟解与双层Kidder自相似基本解进行比较,验证了双层Kidder自相似解的可靠性;最后,通过编制球形内爆的三维扰动的线性稳定性分析程序,对双层Kidder自相似解的Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性进行了分析计算.计算结果表明:初始扰动越集中于交界面,会造成后期扰动增长得越快,越不稳定;扰动波数越大,扰动增长得越快,越不稳定;从扰动在空间上的发展来看,可压缩性研究表明内外壳体的可压缩性对扰动增长起着相反的作用,外层壳体的可压缩性对Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定起失稳作用,而内层壳体的可压缩性对Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定起致稳作用.     

小攻角高超声速钝锥边界层中不同扰动对转捩的影响

为了研究上游不同扰动对转捩位置的影响,针对来流Ma=6,攻角1°,半锥角5°的钝锥边界层的转捩进行了数值模拟．首先研究了边界层中小扰动的演化,与流动稳定性理论进行了对比,结果表明:在所考虑的流场中,流动稳定性线性理论可以对扰动的增长率做出一个较好的预测．在此基础上,研究了不同扰动对转捩位置的影响．计算给出了在两种不同频率分布的扰动情况下,转捩位置沿周向的分布．结果表明,转捩位置沿周向分布与入口扰动的幅值和频率有关．某子午面的转捩位置由该处的最不稳定波在入口的幅值决定．根据大多数风洞中背景扰动的特性,解释了小攻角圆锥转捩实验中背风面先转捩,迎风面后转捩的现象．同时,还解释了在背风面附近转捩位置“凹陷”的现象．     

平面Poiseuille流中弱非线性理论和二次失稳理论的关系*

文献[1]提出了平面Poiseuille流的二次失稳理论,本文则用弱非线性理论研究了同一问题.所得结果和二次失稳理论的结果是一致的,说明在平面Poiseuille流中弱非线性理论和二次失稳理论有内在联系.     

经过修正的层流流动的流动稳定性问题(Ⅰ)——基本概念和理论

本文提出了经过修正的层流流动的流动稳定性理论,并在文中给出平行剪切流中平均速度的一类修正剖面,使这种理论可用于研究平行剪切流的流动稳定性,指出了流动失稳的一条新的可能途径.     

湍流边界层底层相干结构的一个理论模型*

本文采用非线性稳定性分析方法,研究了湍流边界层底层相干结干结构的成因.计算得到的增长最快的不稳定波的展向尺度与纵向尺度都与实验相符.这一分析的特点是采用了不同于湍流平均速度剖面的更合理的速度剖面作为稳定性分析的基础,并采用了新的非线性理论.文中结果有助于理解湍流边界层底层相干结构的拟有序现象.     

Zonal Jet Creation from Secondary Instability of Drift Waves for Plasma Edge Turbulence

A new strategy is presented to explain the creation and persistence of zonal flows widely observed in plasma edge turbulence. The core physics in the edge regime of the magnetic-fusion tokamaks can be described qualitatively by the one-state modified Hasegawa-Mima (MHM for short) model, which creates enhanced zonal flows and more physically relevant features in comparison with the familiar Charney-Hasegawa-Mima (CHM for short) model for both plasma and geophysical flows. The generation mechanism of zonal jets is displayed from the secondary instability analysis via nonlinear interactions with a background base state. Strong exponential growth in the zonal modes is induced due to a non-zonal drift wave base state in the MHM model, while stabilizing damping effect is shown with a zonal flow base state. Together with the selective decay effect from the dissipation, the secondary instability offers a complete characterization of the convergence process to the purely zonal structure. Direct numerical simulations with and without dissipation are carried out to confirm the instability theory. It shows clearly the emergence of a dominant zonal flow from pure non-zonal drift waves with small perturbation in the initial configuration. In comparison, the CHM model does not create instability in the zonal modes and usually converges to homogeneous turbulence.     

Global stability of centrifugal filtration convection

A nonlinear stability analysis is performed to study the onset of convection in a fluid saturated porous layer subject to alternating direction of the centrifugal body force. By introducing a suitable energy functional, the analysis is carried out for the Darcy and the Brinkman models of flow through porous media. The nonlinear result is unconditional and its sharpest limit is determined and is compared with the corresponding linear limit. The failure of linear theory in describing the instability is established in a certain region of the parameter space where possible subcritical instabilities may arise. The stability boundaries are discussed graphically for various values of the Darcy number and comparison is made with the available known results.     

Limit oscillatory cycles in the single mode flutter of a plate

The development of the single mode flutter of an elastic plate in a supersonic gas flow is investigated in a non-linear formulation. In the case of a small depression in the instability zone, there is a unique limit cycle corresponding to a unique growing mode. Several new non-resonant limit cycles arise when a second increasing mode appears and the domains of their existence and stability are found. Limit cycles with an internal resonance, in which there is energy exchange between the modes, can exist for the same parameters. Relations between the amplitudes of the limit cycles and the parameters of the problem are obtained that enable one to estimate the risk of the onset of flutter.     

圆管内含周期脉动分层流的Floquet稳定性分析

运用线性稳定性理论,结合Floquet理论和Chebyshev配点法对管流内有周期脉动分量的粘性分层流的参数共振现象进行了研究,得到不同流动参数对流场的失稳和参数共振特性的影响．     

一神非定常振荡流的稳定性分析

本文分析了一种非定常振荡的不稳定性问题.其特点是.应用偏微分方程特征理论以及O-S方程特征值的展开,求解扰动波的相函数而不是预先给定扰动波的波动形式.本文研究平面Poiseuille流与其垂向振荡流的组合流动系统.对于连续振荡源导致的波包演化,该系统存在不稳定性.     

On the Generation of Mean Flows by the Interaction of Görtler Vortices and Tollmien-Schlichting Waves in Curved Channel Flows

There are many fluid flows where the onset of transition can be caused by different instability mechanisms which compete in the nonlinear regime. Here the interaction of a centrifugal instability mechanism with the viscous mechanism which causes Tollmien-Schlichting waves is discussed. The interaction between these modes can be strong enough to drive the mean state; here the interaction is investigated in the context of curved channel flows so as to avoid difficulties associated with boundary layer growth. Essentially it is found that the mean state adjusts itself so that any modes present are neutrally stable even at finite amplitude. In the first instance the mean state driven by a vortex of short wavelength in the absence of a Tollmien-Schlichting wave is considered. It is shown that for a given channel curvature and vortex wavelength there is an upper limit to the mass flow rate which the channel can support as the pressure gradient is increased. When Tollmien-Schlichting waves are present then the nonlinear differential equation to determine the mean state is modified. At sufficiently high Tollmien-Schlichting amplitudes it is found that the vortex flows are destroyed, but there is a range of amplitudes where a fully nonlinear mixed vortex-wave state exists and indeed drives a mean state having little similarity with the flow which occurs without the instability modes. The vortex and Tollmien-Schlichting wave structure in the nonlinear regime has viscous wall layers and internal shear layers; the thickness of the internal layers is found to be a function of the Tollmien-Schlichting wave amplitude.     

Axisymmetric instability of pressure-driven flow in an annular channel at high Reynolds numbers

For the pressure-driven flow in an annular channel, its linear instability with respect to axisymmetric perturbations at high Reynolds numbers is investigated within the framework of the triple-deck theory. It is shown that the problem is reduced to that of the two-dimensional linear instability of the Poiseuille flow in a plane channel. The ratio of the inner to outer radii of the channel is found at which the instability is minimal.