Thermoanalytical investigation of ion exchange resins. The swelling water of anion exchange resins

The water uptakes of completely swollen and air dried anion exchange resins were investigated by traditional and also by thermoanalytical measurements. In investigations on the air dried resin samples of HSO₄, H₂PO₄, SO₄, HPO₄ and PO₄ forms, two types of water (strongly and loosely bound) were found. The sequence of water uptake on the resins investigated was compared to the opposite order of the adsorption strengths of the anions and to the entropies of the hydrated anions. A conclusion was made regarding the role of the hydration of the anions in the selectivity sequence of anion exchange.

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Zusammenfassung Die Wasseraufnahme vollständig angequollener und lufttrockener Anionenaustauscherharze wurde mittels herkömmlicher sowie auch thermoanalytischer Messungen untersucht. Bei den Prüfungen der lufttrockenen Harzproben in den HSO₄-, H₂PO₄-, SO₄-, HPO₄-, und PO₄-Formen wurden zwei Arten von Wasser gefunden: stark und schwach gebundenes. Die Reihenfolge der Wasseraufnahme wurde mit der umgekehrten Reihenfolge der Adsorptionsstärke der Anionen und mit der Entropie der hydratisierten Anionen verglichen. Schlüsse bezüglich der Rolle der Hydratisierung der Anionen bei der Selektvititätsreihenfolge des Anionenaustausch wurden gezogen.

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Résumé On a étudié par des mesures traditionnelles et par analyse thermique l'absorption d'eau par des résines échangeuses anioniques totalement gonflées et séchées à l'air. Lors de l'étude des échantillons de résines séchées à l'air, de formes HSO₄, H₂PO₄, SO₄, HPO₄ et PO₄, on a trouvé deux types d'eau: de l'eau fortement liée et de l'eau faiblement liée. On a comparé l'ordre de l'absorption d'eau des résines étudiées à l'ordre inverse des forces d'adsorption des anions et à l'entropie des anions hydratés. On en tire des conclusions sur le rôle de l'hydratation des anions sur la sélectivité de l'échange anionique.

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- , . - HSO₄-, H₂PO₄-, SO₄-, HPO₄-, PO₄- : . . .

     

The sorption of polymetaphosphate on anion exchange resins

From a solution of sodium polymetaphosphate, strongly basic anion exchange resins can retain a greater amount of polymetaphosphate than that corresponding to the exchange capacity. Sodium ions are held by the polymetaphosphate form of the resin and these sodium ions can be exchanged for other ions.     

Underquaternized anion exchange resins as covalent scavengers

The use of partially quaternized, chloromethylated polystyrene as a covalent scavenger of cholate ion in aqueous media has been demonstrated. The ability of such polymers to scavenge organic anions by covalent as well as by ionic means has important implications in the areas of medicinal and environmental chemistry, which are briefly discussed.     

离子交换树脂催化合成碳酸亚丙酯

碘型离子交换树脂在某些偶极非质子性溶剂的作用下，能有效地催化二氧化碳与环氧丙烷合成碳酸亚丙酯，并能重复使用至少10次而仍能保持较高的催化活性。     

Evaluation of anion exchange resins for plutonium-uranium separations in nitric acid

Pellicular, macroreticular and microreticular (gel-type) anion exchange resins were compared for the separation of plutonium from nitric acid solutions of mixed plutonium-uranium. AS Pellionex SAX (pellicular resin) and Amberlite IRA-93 (weak base macroreticular anion exchange resin) were found to have better uranium washing and plutonium eluting characteristics than any of the resins tested. However, the capacity of the pellicular resin was much lower than the other resins.     

Cation and anion exchange on clay modified electrodes

Carbon paste electrodes modified with clay minerals were used for the study of ion-exchange properties of these clay minerals. Cation exchange of Cu(II) was studied by the dependence on the pH, ionic strength and the form of the minerals. The highest anionic exchange of Hg(II) acetates and chlorides was found on montmorillonites. Anionic exchange of Au(III) chloro complexes was found on montmorillonite, but their sorption is strongly influenced by other anions such as chlorides and thiocyanates. The results found are important with regard to the study of the anion-exchange properties of clay minerals. Received: 2 December 1999 / Accepted: 2 March 2000     

Radiotracers in kinetics of ion-isotopic exchange reactions using anion exchange resins indion-103 and indion-870

The kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions was studied by radio analytical technique using ¹³¹I and ⁸²Br as tracer isotopes. The parameters like specific reaction rate (min^?1), amount of ions exchanged (mmol), initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) and logK _d were studied to evaluate the performance of nuclear and non-nuclear grade anion exchange resins Indion-103 and Indion-870. For iodide ion-isotopic exchange reactions under experimental conditions of 35.0°C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 M labeled iodide ion solution, the parameters were 0.223 min^?1, 0.300 mmol, 0.067 mmol/min and 18.7, respectively, for Indion-103, and those of 0.165 min^?1, 0.251 mmol, 0.041 /min and 16.2, respectively, for Indion-870. The similar tendency was observed during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The results suggest that Indion-103 shows greater performance than Indion-870 resin under similar experimental conditions.     

Radiation resistance of pyridine type anion exchange resins for spent fuel treatment

The resistance against radiation of the tertiary pyridine resins synthesized for the treatment of spent nuclear fuels and high level radioactive waste was evaluated. After irradiation at 10 MGy, only approximately 10% or less of the exchange groups were lost in HCl solutions regardless of their concentrations, while 3040% were lost in HNO₃. The pyridine resin has shown remarkable resistance against radiation particularly in HCl solution. It has been revealed that the decomposition of pyridine type resins results from the scission of the principal chains. An irradiation study was conducted also on the quaternary ammonium resins. Quatemization ratio was found to be reduced in HNO₃ solutions at 10 MGy irradiation.     

Ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetics using organic base anion exchange resins Indion-102 and Indion GS-400

The present study deals with the kinetic study of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions in organic based anion exchange resins Indion-102 (nuclear grade) and Indion GS-400 (non-nuclear grade) using radiotracer isotopes. The resins in iodide and bromide form were equilibrated respectively with iodide and bromide ion solutions which were previously spiked with ¹³¹I and ⁸²Br radiotracer isotopes. For both bromide and iodide ion-isotopic exchange reactions, it was observed that the values of specific reaction rate increase with increase in ion concentration from 0.001 to 0.004 M at a constant temperature of 40.0°C. However, at constant ion concentration of 0.003 M, the specific reaction rate was observed to decrease with rise in temperature from 30.0 to 45.0°C. Also it was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction by using Indion-102 resin, the values of specific reaction rate, amount of iodide ion exchanged, initial rate of iodide ion exchange and logK _d were 0.258 min^?1, 0.492 mmol, 0.127 mmol/min and 19.2, respectively, which were higher than 0.208 min^?1, 0.416 mmol, 0.087 mmol/min and 17.6, respectively, obtained by using Indion GS-400 resin under identical experimental conditions of 40.0°C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resin and 0.003M labeled iodide ion solution. The same trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The overall results indicate that, under identical experimental conditions, Indion-102 resin shows higher performance than Indion GS-400 resin.     

一种表面共聚氢氧根选择性阴离子色谱固定相

报道了一种基于聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯)微球(PS-DVB)的表面共聚氢氧根选择性阴离子固定相。它以烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE)为功能单体、通过自由基引发直接与PS-DVB微球表面残留的悬挂双键共聚,再通过醇胺开环得到。考察了两种醇胺试剂对分离的影响;扫描电镜、红外光谱、元素分析表征结果表明:表面共聚反应成功在微球表面引入季胺基团,且对微球理化性质无显著影响;所得固定相表现氢氧根淋洗液的高选择性,对常规无机阴离子表现出良好的分离性能(分离度>1.5)和运行稳定性(保留时间的相对标准偏差<1.13%),其实用性通过分析茶叶样品中无机阴离子进行了展示。     

Aqueous-phase ion solvation and the selectivity of anion exchange resins for monovalent ions

This research examines and quantifies the influence of ion solvation parameters on the affinity of monovalent anions for strong-base anion resins. A data set comprising resin selectivity coefficients and solvation parameters from the literature is statistically analyzed using correlation and multiple regression techniques. The affinity of monovalent anions for the resin phase correlated well to ionic radii. Solvation parameters such as the hydration number, and entropy, enthalpy and free energy of hydration are also strongly correlated to selectivity. Using the stepwise regression procedure on subsets of independent variables, the entropy of hydration, which characterizes the structure-influencing nature of ions in solution, is incorporated as the sole parameter in the predictive model for resin selectivity. The data are best correlated by the exponential form of the regression equation, and the physical meaning of the correlation is shown to be reasonable. A simple rule for categorizing ions as structure-makers and structure-breakers is proposed, and the results are consistent with conventional classifications.     

Synthesis and characterization of periodic mesoporous organosilicas as anion exchange resins for perrhenate adsorption

A new methodology to immobilize ionic liquids through the use of a bridged silsesquioxane N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl), N(3)-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-4,5-dihydroimidazolium iodide that incorporates an ionic functionality for the assembly of novel periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) materials has been developed. The resulting PMO materials were investigated for use as novel anion exchange resins for the separation of perrhenate anions in aqueous solution. As compared with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, 1-hexadecane-3-methylimidazolium bromide has been demonstrated to be a more efficient surfactant template for the generation of mesopores and surface areas for such PMO materials.     

Ion-exchange selectivity of anion exchange resin modified with polystyrenesulfonic acid.

In order to change the ion-exchange selectivity of anion-exchange resin, the surface of a gel-type anion exchange resin was modified with anionic polyelectrolyte, polystyrenesulfonic acid. Using this modified resin, the ion-exchange rate of nitrate was little decreased, but that of sulfate was evidently decreased. It is considered that the ion-exchange reaction of the multivalent anion is suppressed by the greater electrostatic repulsive force against the modification layer than that against the monovalent anion. Thus, this modified resin may be suitable for the selective separation of monovalent anions. The influence of the modified condition on the ion-exchange rate was examined. Furthermore, this modified resin was used to separate nitrate ions from sulfate ions in the aqueous solution.     

D301R树脂吸附-解吸钼的行为研究

对D301R型阴离子交换树脂吸附-解吸钼的条件进行了研究，采用静态法试验了pH值、钼的浓度等因素对该树脂吸附钼的影响；采用动态法讨论了该树脂对钼的饱和吸附量、解吸剂及其浓度对解吸钼的影响。结果表明在pH2．5，钼的浓度为20g/L时吸附效果最好，树脂对钼的饱和吸附量为1020mg／g，而采用150g/L NaOH溶液解吸钼效果最佳。     

The effect of temperature on the curing of unsaturated polyester resins modified with a liquid polymer

The effect of temperature on the cure kinetics of two different unsaturated polyester resins, Estratil 1.112 and G102, modified with a liquid polymer, has been studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the range of 60–80°C and 70–90°C, respectively. The experimental results have been related to the rheological changes during cure.     

Remazol Black B removal from aqueous solutions and wastewater using weakly basic anion exchange resins

In this study, the use of the weakly basic anion exchange resins of phenol-formaldehyde (Amberlyst A 23), polyacrylate (Amberlite IRA 67) and polystyrene (Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62) matrices for removal of the reactive dye Remazol Black B (RBB) from aqueous solution and wastewater were investigated. RBB sorption on the anion exchangers was a time dependent process. Color reduction percentiles of 75.2, 33.9 and 25.1% in wastewater treatment were found after 216 h of phase contact time with Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62, Amberlyst A 23 and Amberlite IRA 67, respectively. Inorganic salts and anionic surfactant action influenced RBB uptake by the anion exchangers. The amounts of dye retained by the anion exchangers increased with a rise in temperature. The maximum sorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir model were 66.4, 282.1 and 796.1 mg g⁻¹ for Amberlite IRA 67, Amberlyst A 23 and Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62, respectively. Regeneration of phenol-formaldehyde and polystyrene resins were possible using 1 M NaOH, 2 M KSCN, 1M KSCN in 40–60% methanol as well as 1 M NaOH in 60% methanol.