南昌市城区530名儿童血铅水平与锌、铁、钙关系的研究

为了解南昌市城区儿童血铅水平与锌、铁、钙的关系,采用严格质量控制的流行病学研究方法,于2001年5月－6月对城区530名儿童进行了血铅、锌、铁、钙测定。结果表明,530名2－8岁儿童血铅水平均值为81．63μg/L,铅中毒（血名值≥ 100μg/L）流行率为27．92％,铅中毒组患儿缺锌、缺铁比例均高于非铅中毒组,血锌均值铅中毒组低于非铅中毒组,差别有非常显著意义,P＜0．01,血钙、血铁水平两组差别无显著意义。血锌值与血铅水平呈负相关。提示对铅中毒患儿及时纠正缺锌、缺铁、缺钙状态是减少肠道对铅吸收的重要措施。     

杭州市下城区572例2～6岁社区儿童血铅、锌、钙、铁含量检测及相关分析

对杭州下城区572例2～6岁儿童血铅、锌、钙、铁含量进行了检测。结果显示,572例2～6岁儿童血铅平均值为89 97μg/L,其中191例儿童血铅值≥100μg/L,占总调查人数33 4%;铅中毒组的血清锌均值低于正常组,差别有非常显著意义(P<0 01);血清钙、铁含量两组差别无显著意义;铅中毒组血铅与血清锌呈负相关。提示对铅中毒儿童及时纠正低锌状态是减少肠道对铅吸收的重要措施。建议3周岁社区儿童常规检测血铅,以便及时进行铅个体干预。     

360名儿童血铅和血锌的检测及相关性分析

铅和锌是微量元素中对人体特别是儿童的生长发育有很大影响的因素。随机检测了 6间幼儿园 3 60名 3～ 6岁儿童的血锌和血铅含量水平 ,血铅 >0 1 μg/mL的儿童占 2 7 2 2 %。对高铅儿童的血锌水平与血铅正常儿童的血锌水平进行相关性比较 ,在分年龄组的比较中 ,3岁组与 6岁组存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;在分性别的比较中 ,男童的血锌水平存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。     

兰州市城关区313名儿童血铅水平及其钙、铁、铜和锌的调查研究

为了解兰州市城关区儿童血铅水平及其钙、锌、铁、铜等微量元素分布状况,对兰州市城关区某幼儿园及同时期来我院儿保体检的正常儿童采耳用微量血无火焰原子吸收光谱法进行铅、钙、锌、铜、铁元素的测定。结果表明,本次调查儿童血铅≥10μg/dL者占93．9％,各年龄组间钙、锌、铜、铁有显著性差异。提示血铅水平与锌、钙存在相关关系。     

清远市学龄前儿童血铅水平分析

目的　探讨清远市学龄前儿童血铅水平、铅中毒分布特点及与其它元素的关系,为防治铅中毒损害提供依据,方法　在清远市城区,随机抽取在清远市妇幼保健院体检的5 5 3名1～6岁儿童为研究对象,采指端末梢血2 0 μL ,用原子吸收光谱仪测定血铅、钙、锌、铁、铜和锰的水平。结果　该市学龄前儿童血铅水平( 73 0±49 6) μg/L ,几何均值5 8 1 μg/L ,铅中毒流行率2 4 95 % ,以1 0 0～1 90 μg/L频率最高,占2 3 6% ,铅中毒流行率随年龄的增长而降低( χ2 =1 2 0 9,P <0 0 5 ) ;2岁组铅中毒流行率最高,血铅值与血钙、锌值呈显著负相关(r =-0 1 82 ,-0 1 5 0 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　2岁组对铅污染较敏感;增加钙、锌元素的补充,能预防儿童铅中毒     

韶关市学龄前儿童血铅与身高体质量关系的初步研究

为探讨韶关市学龄前儿童血铅水平及其对儿童身高、体质量的影响，随机抽取1128名2～6岁儿童为调查对象，测定其身高、体质量，并分别换算成z标准分；采指端末梢血20止，用钨舟原子吸收光谱法，测定血铅水平。结果显示，2～6岁1128名儿童均值97．9μg/L，几何均值82．1μg/L，铅中毒率39．89％，血铅水平及铅中毒率，男、女童无显著差异；血铅值与身高呈显著性负相关，随着年龄的增加，其相关系数减少；在6岁前，血铅值与体质量呈显著性负相关；高血铅组（≥100μg／L）女童体质量、身高z分显著低于低血铅组；男童体质量Z分显著低于低血铅组。提示年龄越小，铅暴露对儿童身高、体质量发育的损害越大；其中对女童的影响较明显。     

伦教镇2020名儿童指血微量元素调查分析

测定了伦教镇2020名3～6岁儿童指血中锌、铁、钙、铅四种元素含量,了解其分布情况。结果显示,铁、钙缺乏少见,部分儿童仍有锌缺乏;总体情况,男、女儿童的锌、铁、钙三种微量元素的平均值均处于正常范围,血铅的平均值则偏高。     

儿童血铅与其它微量元素水平的关系

为探讨儿童血铅与血锌、铁、铜、钙、锰含量的相互消长关系 ,利用多元线性回归分析对 2 1 72名儿童的血微量元素及血铅进行了分析。结果显示 ,被调查儿童中 47 5 6%的儿童血铅升高 ,全部呈轻 中度升高 ( 0 1 0～ 0 44μg/mL) ;钙、铁、锰对血铅值的倒数 (PB1)的作用显著 (P<0 0 1 ) ,但相关并不密切 ,偏相关系数分别为 -0 0 79,0 0 7,0 0 6;血钙与血锌、铜之间有明显的交互作用 ,儿童体内血钙对血铅的影响依赖于血铜、锌的含量 ;血铁和锰含量与PB1呈正相关 ,即与血铅水平呈负相关 ,两者的部分作用又被它们之间的交互作用所减弱。结果提示 ,轻 中度铅中毒仍是城市儿童中普遍存在的一个重要问题 ,除了控制铅污染源外 ,还要注意适当补充铁剂 ,合理饮食以保持机体内钙锰等各种微量元素间的平衡也是重要的防治措施。     

产母及新生儿血铅水平及影响因素的研究

为了解佛山市产母、新生儿血铅水平及其相关影响因素 ,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法 ,于 2 0 0 2年 5～ 9月 ,取本院产科产母静脉血及其新生儿脐血 1 5 2例 ,进行血铅、钙、锌、铁、铜和锰水平测定 ,按妇幼保健管理卡内容 ,进行相关记录。结果表明 ,产母血铅水平90 1± 3 4 8μg/L ,BPb≥ 1 0 0 μg/L者占 2 0 3 9% ;新生儿脐血铅水平 89 2± 3 1 6μg/L ,铅中毒率为2 2 3 7% ;母子血铅值呈显著正相关 (r=0 85 7,P <0 0 1 ) ,产母血铅值与其血钙、铁值显著负相关 (r=0 2 66,-0 3 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;城郊产母及新生儿血铅水平显著高于城区。揭示市郊孕妇、新生儿血铅较高 ,血钙、锌、铁含量影响血铅水平     

128例脑性瘫痪血钙、锌、铁、铜、镁元素分析

为探讨小儿脑性瘫痪(CP)体内微量元素的变化,测定了128例脑性瘫痪患者血钙、锌、铁、铜、镁含量,随机选择128例正常儿童进行对照分析。结果表明,两组病例血锌、铜、镁均在正常范围,脑瘫组血钙56例、铁45例低于正常参考值,健康组血钙16例、铁11例低于正常参考值。经统计学处理,两组病例中血钙、铁、铜、镁含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05),血锌无显著性差异(P>0.05)。提示脑瘫儿童血钙、铁、铜、镁含量均低于正常儿童,补充钙、铁、镁等可能有利于脑瘫康复。     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.