单晶电极界面反应过程的电化学原位拉曼光谱研究

自20世纪70年代起,人们利用原位光谱技术（拉曼、红外等）对电化学界面进行了系统的研究,进而发展出原位谱学电化学的研究方向,由于其具有良好的表面灵敏度和能量分辨率,可以提供更多的表面反应信息,进而从微观上揭示反应机理. 伴随着纳米技术的兴起,表面增强拉曼光谱技术取得了快速的发展. 近来,壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱（shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SHINERS）技术更是得到人们的广泛关注. SHINERS的出现为研究单晶模型电极上的催化反应提供了一种非常好的原位光谱技术. 本文主要对原位电化学SHINERS技术在单晶电极界面研究的具体应用及其发展前景进行相关论述.     

应用镍超微电极的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱技术研究

镍(Ni)电极在电化学中应用广泛.原位表征Ni电极表面的吸附物种有益于帮助理解电极反应历程、指导发展高效电催化剂.应用超微电极作为工作电极的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱技术结合了超微电极表面的传质特性和分子水平的高灵敏度表征,是研究Ni电化学的有力手段.本文所述的研究工作通过在金(Au)超微电极表面电吸附具有SERS活性的A...     

电化学原位拉曼光谱的应用及进展

常规电化学研究方法是以电信号为激励和检测手段,它提供的是电化学体系的各种微观信息的总和,难以准确地鉴别复杂体系的各反应物、中间物和产物,并解释电化学反应机理．近年来,由谱学方法（以光为激励和检测手段）与常规电化学方法相结合产生的谱学电化学技术得到迅速...     

普鲁士蓝膜修饰铂电极的现场拉曼光谱电化学表征(英文)

采用现场拉曼光谱电化学技术表征了普鲁士蓝膜修饰铂电极的循环伏安过程 .结果显示 ,随着修饰膜的微观结构由普鲁士蓝向普鲁士白或相反过程转化 ,表征两种不同结构的拉曼特征振动谱峰及其强度变化呈现出明显的可逆特征 .     

计算机化的多功能超微电极电化学仪器

报道了一种计算机化的多功能超微电极电化学仪器.它具有12种基本功能和正确的电流、电位性质及很高的灵敏度.能用于超微电极的电化学研究和测试,也适用于常规电极.     

现场显微红外光谱电化学技术及超微铂盘电极上的反射吸收光谱测定

本文阐述了一种新的光谱电化学技术——现场显微红外光谱电化学法的反射式方法的技术特点和优势,报告了一种适于水溶剂和非水溶剂的反射式现场显微红外光谱电化学池的设计,并首次在25um直径的超微铂盘工作电极上,对Fe(CN)_6~(4-)/FE(CN)_6~(3-)进行了现场显微红外光谱电化学的测量。     

电化学原位拉曼光谱技术对金电极表面生物分子吸附行为研究

报道腺嘌呤在裸金电极及其修饰的金电极上的电化学原位拉曼光谱图 ,着重分析了不同电位下腺嘌呤和超氧化物歧化酶在金电极上的吸附及其相互作用 ,初步讨论了腺嘌呤对促进超氧化物歧化酶电子传递过程的作用机制 .     

玻碳电极电化学活化的原位FTIR反射光谱研究

用电化学原位FTIR反射光谱法研究了玻碳电极电化学活化过程中表面含氧功能团的生成及其表面过程。结果表明,该电极在高电位下氧化时生成了表面含氧功能团,并有一部分进一步氧化成CO_2,表面类醌基在随后的循环伏安扫描过程中部分转化成酚基,最终形成稳定的表面氧化还原对。表面类醌基同羟基之间存在强的氢键相互作用。     

基于活性金电极上硫代水杨酸自组装单分子层的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱

采用原位电化学表面增强拉曼光谱(EC-SERS)研究了硫代水杨酸(TSA)吸附在活性Au电极表面的自组装单分子层(SAMs).TSA在活性Au表面的化学吸附及不同酸碱度下的TSA浸饰单层膜的SERS光谱,表明随pH值的增加,峰强呈现2个不同的下降阶段.通过EC-SERS考察不同电富集时间和电位的影响,显示在酸性介质和0.7 V及70 s富集时间下,可以获得最大EC-SERS信号,并随着电位负移,信号逐渐减弱,直至基本消失,表明TSA分子在Au表面排布状态会随外加条件的改变而发生变化.通过计算TSA在不同pH值下的分布分数以及探针分子在不同电位下的增强因子(EF),结合SERS和EC-SERS的变化走势对比,得出TSA在活性Au表面自组装形成单分子层/膜的机理,指出由于TSA不同的电化学吸附取向,以及高负电位下的还原/脱附作用,使得Au表面拉曼活性降低,造成EF显著减小,不可逆地失去了SERS的活性.     

Molecular-level investigation on electrochemical interfaces by Raman spectroscopy

The structure and dynamics of electrode/liquid interfaces play an increasingly important role in electrochemistry. Raman spectroscopy is capable of providing detailed structural information at molecular level and new insight into the interfacial structure, adsorption, reaction, electrocatalysis and corro-sion. In this account we will summarize some progresses of surface Raman spectroscopy in the study of electrochemical interfaces, mainly based on our group's work, laying emphasis on the detection sensitivity, spectral resolution, time resolution and spatial resolution as well as the hyphenated technique.     

In-situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering and FT-Raman spectroscopy of black prints

The black inkjet and laser prints were analysed with regard to application in forensic analysis of questioned documents. The purpose of this work was to study spectral properties and compare the suitability of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with Fourier transform Raman spectra of prints. This work aimed to find optimal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic approach for the future analysis of documents using statistical methods. In this work, we analysed eight prints of four laser and four inkjet devices. The samples were measured using two dispersive Raman devices; (DXR Raman microscope with excitation line 532 nm, Foram 685-2 spectrometer − 685 nm) and FT-Raman device (Bruker Spectrometer MultiRAM with excitation line 1064 nm). The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) colloid for SERS experiment were synthesised and checked by UV–vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The remarkable differences caused by centrifugation of silver colloid were observed just in the SEM images. The main contribution of this paper is to propose the novel approach achieving sufficient SERS signal intensity of black prints using the both, laser and inkjet printers. Moreover, this method is based on just a single metal colloid, and the analysis can be performed in-situ, i.e. directly on the printed sample surface. We consider the SERS could by highly promising and universal for applications in the forensic analysis of printed documents with the combination of statistical method when conventional methods are not effective.     

Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy

The basic experimental aspects of Fourier transform Raman Spectroscopy are reviewed with an emphasis on detector technology. The sensitivity is comparable to dispersive Raman Spectroscopy using visible lasers. The ease of spectral subtraction is demonstrated and examples are given showing the elimination of fluorescence.     

原位拉曼光谱与X射线吸收光谱研究能源转换电催化反应

近年来,水分解、氧气/二氧化碳还原等电化学能源转换技术为解决全球能源短缺及环境问题提供了新的思路和方向.然而,对这些能源转换技术的反应机理及其催化剂的活性位点目前仍缺乏深刻的认识和理解,这限制了高效、稳定催化剂的开发,以致阻碍该类电化学技术的进一步发展.原位光谱技术的快速发展为解决上述问题提供了坚实的基础,其中拉曼光谱...     

In situ Raman spectroscopy studies for electrochemical CO2 reduction over Cu catalysts

1. Download : Download high-res image (221KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Low-frequency surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy at metal electrode surfaces

Low-frequency surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is a versatile tool for studying surface phenomena under electrochemical conditions. This spectroscopy enables us to obtain rich information on extramolecular vibrations between substrate and adsorbates, which are sensitive to atomistic surface features of the substrate. Owing to recent advancements in optical filter technology, low-frequency SERS signals are now becoming easily detectable using conventional Raman systems equipped with holographic notch filters. In addition, SERS background signals, which have been simply ignored, can provide electronic information on the metal substrate. This allows us to observe both sides of electrode–electrolyte interfaces in situ and simultaneously, which is never expected in far-infrared or terahertz absorption spectroscopy. This advanced SERS spectroscopy can help our understanding of electrochemical and electrocatalytic reactions at the molecular scale.     

Raman spectroscopy in astrobiology

Raman spectroscopy is proposed as a valuable analytical technique for planetary exploration because it is sensitive to organic and inorganic compounds and able to unambiguously identify key spectral markers in a mixture of biological and geological components; furthermore, sample manipulation is not required and any size of sample can be studied without chemical or mechanical pretreatment. NASA and ESA are considering the adoption of miniaturised Raman spectrometers for inclusion in suites of analytical instrumentation to be placed on robotic landers on Mars in the near future to search for extinct or extant life signals. In this paper we review the advantages and limitations of Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of complex specimens with relevance to the detection of bio- and geomarkers in extremophilic organisms which are considered to be terrestrial analogues of possible extraterrestial life that could have developed on planetary surfaces.     

Doping of C60 fullerene peapods with lithium vapor: Raman spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical studies

Raman spectroscopy and in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry have been applied to the study of the lithium vapor doping of C60@SWCNTs (peapods; SWCNT=single-walled carbon nanotube). A strong degree of doping was proven by the disappearance of the radial breathing mode (RBM) of the SWCNTs and by the attenuation of the tangential (TG) band intensity by two orders of magnitude. The lithium doping causes a downshift of the Ag(2) mode of the intratubular C60 by 27 cm(-1) and changes the resonance condition of the encapsulated fullerene. In contrast to potassium vapor doping, the strong downshift of the TG band was not observed for lithium doping. The peapods treated with lithium vapor remained partially doped even when they were exposed to humid air. This was reflected by a reduction in the intensity of the nanotube and the fullerene modes and by the change in the shape of the RBM band compared with that of the undoped sample. The Ag(2) mode of the intratubular fullerene was not resolved after contact of the lithium-doped sample with water. Lithium insertion into the interior of a peapod and its strong interaction with the intratubular fullerene is suggested to be responsible for the air-insensitive residual doping. This residual doping was confirmed by in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements. The TG band of the lithium-doped peapods did not undergo an upshift during the anodic doping, which points to the formation of a stable exohedral metallofullerene peapod.     

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical analysis

As Raman spectroscopy enables rapid, non-destructive measurements, the technique appears a most promising tool for on-line process monitoring and analysis in the pharmaceutical industry. This article gives a short introduction to Raman spectroscopy and presents several applications in the pharmaceutical field.