The ratio of the length of the unit circle to the area of the unit disc in Minkowski planes

In their paper ``An Introduction to Finsler Geometry,' J. C. Alvarez and C. Duran asked if there are other Minkowski planes besides the Euclidean for which the ratio of the Minkowski length of the unit ``circle' to the Holmes-Thompson area of the unit disc equals 2. In this paper we show that this ratio is greater than 2, and that the ratio 2 is achieved only for Minkowski planes that are affine equivalent to the Euclidean plane. In other words, the ratio is 2 only when the unit ``circle' is an ellipse.

     

An uncertainty principle on the group of rigid motions of the plane

Let M(2) be the group of rigid motions of the plane. The Fourier transform and the Plancherel formula on M(2) can be explicitly given by the general group representation theory. Using this fact, we establish a kind of uncertainty principle on M(2). The result can easily be generalized to higher dimensional cases. An application of the result yields an uncertainty principle on the Euclidean spaces obtained by R. S. Strichartz.     

Ornament Groups on a Minkowski Plane

We are engaged in classifying up to isomorphism of discrete subgroups of an affine transformation group on a plane (a two-dimensional space) preserving the Minkowski metric. It is proved that, for subgroups that do not coincide with Euclidean ones, the orbit of almost every point is everywhere dense.     

On Two-Dimensional Polynomially Integrable Billiards on Surfaces of Constant Curvature

Doklady Mathematics - The algebraic version of the Birkhoff conjecture is solved completely for billiards with a piecewise C2-smooth boundary on surfaces of constant curvature: Euclidean plane,...     

On the total curvature of curves in a Minkowski space

We consider simple closed curves in a Minkowski space. We give bounds of the total Minkowski curvature of the curve in terms of the total Euclidean curvature and of normal curvatures on the indicatrix (supposed to be a central symmetric hypersurface) of the Minkowski norm. Corollaries of this result provide analogues to Fenchel and Fary-Milnor theorems. We also give an upper bound of the Minkowski length of a simple closed curve contained in a Minkowski ball of radius R, in terms of the total Minkowski curvature and of normal curvatures on the indicatrix. Whenever the Minkowski space is Euclidean our results reduce to the classical ones.     

Quasicrystallographic groups on Minkowski spaces

We generalize the quasicrystallographic groups in the sense of Novikov and Veselov from Euclidean spaces to pseudo-Euclidean and affine spaces. We prove that the quasicrystallographic groups on Minkowski spaces whose rotation groups satisfy an additional assumption are projections of crystallographic groups on pseudo-Euclidean spaces. An example shows that the assumption cannot be dropped. We prove that each quasicrystallographic group is a projection of a crystallographic group on an affine space.     

Convexity in Topological Affine Planes

We extend to topological affine planes the standard theorems of convexity, among them the separation theorem, the anti-exchange theorem, Radon's, Helly's, Caratheodory's, and Kirchberger's theorems, and the Minkowski theorem on extreme points. In a few cases the proofs are obtained by adapting proofs of the original results in the Euclidean plane; in others it is necessary to devise new proofs that are valid in the more general setting considered here.     

Lorentz Ricci Solitons on 3-dimensional Lie groups

The three-dimensional Heisenberg group H ₃ has three left-invariant Lorentzian metrics g ₁, g ₂, and g ₃ as in Rahmani (J. Geom. Phys. 9(3), 295–302 (1992)). They are not isometric to each other. In this paper, we characterize the left-invariant Lorentzian metric g ₁ as a Lorentz Ricci Soliton. This Ricci Soliton g ₁ is a shrinking non-gradient Ricci Soliton. We also prove that the group E(2) of rigid motions of Euclidean 2-space and the group E(1, 1) of rigid motions of Minkowski 2-space have Lorentz Ricci Solitons.     

Symmetry of translating solutions to mean curvature flows

First, we review the authors' recent results on translating solutions to mean curvature flows in Euclidean space as well as in Minkowski space, emphasizing on the asymptotic expansion of rotationally symmetric solutions. Then we study the sufficient condition for which the translating solution is rotationally symmetric. We will use a moving plane method to show that this condition is optimal for the symmetry of solutions to fully nonlinear elliptic equations without ground state condition.     

The Willmore functional and the containment problem in R~4

Let∑be a convex hypersurface in the Euclidean space R4 with mean curvature H. We obtain a geometric lower bound for the Willmore functional∫∑H2dσ. This bound is an invariant involving the area of∑, the volume and Minkowski quermassintegrals of the convex body that∑bounds. We also obtain a sufficient condition for a convex body to contain another in the Euclidean space R4.     

ON THE WILLMORE’S THEOREM FOR CONVEX HYPERSURFACES

Let M be a compact convex hypersurface of class C2, which is assumed to bound a nonempty convex body K in the Euclidean space Rn and H be the mean curvature of M. We obtain a lower bound of the total square of mean curvature M H2dA. The bound is the Minkowski quermassintegral of the convex body K. The total square of mean curvature attains the lower bound when M is an (n-1)-sphere.     

Integrable Equations Arising from Motions of Plane Curves. II

Integrable equations satisfied by the curvature of plane curves or curves on the real line under inextensible motions in some Klein geometries are identified. These include the Euclidean, similarity, and projective geometries on the real line, and restricted conformal, conformal, and projective geometries in the plane. Together with Chou and Qu [Physica D 162 (2002), 9–33], we determine inextensible motions and their associated integrable equations in all Klein geometries in the plane. The relations between several pairs of these geometries provide a natural geometric explanation of the existence of transformations of Miura and Cole-Hopf type.     

The automorphism group of the augmented equiaffine group

The automorphism group of the group generated by all the affine reflections in a Desarguesian plane is isomorphic to the full collineation group of the plane.The author wishes to express his thanks to J. Wilker of the University of Toronto for suggesting a simplification and to him as well as C. Fisher of the University of Regina for their encouragement.     

A method for approximation of the exponential map in semidirect product of matrix Lie groups and some applications

In this paper we explore the computation of the matrix exponential in a manner that is consistent with Lie group structure. Our point of departure is the decomposition of Lie algebra as the semidirect product of two Lie subspaces and an application of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula. Our results extend the results in Iserles and Zanna (2005) [2], Zanna and Munthe-Kaas(2001/02) [4] to a range of Lie groups: the Lie group of all solid motions in Euclidean space, the Lorentz Lie group of all solid motions in Minkowski space and the group of all invertible (upper) triangular matrices. In our method, the matrix exponential group can be computed by a less computational cost and is more accurate than the current methods. In addition, by this method the approximated matrix exponential belongs to the corresponding Lie group.     

The Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund law of large numbers on the group of Euclidean motions and the diamond group

An analogue of the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund strong law of large numbers is proved for the group of Euclidean motions and for the diamond group. Proceedings of the Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models, Moscow, Russia, 1996, Part. I.     

A New Construction for Minkowski Planes

For any pseudo-ordered field F and some mappings f and g of F into itself we can construct a Minkowski plane such that one derived affine plane is a variation on W. A. Pierce's construction. Moreover, such a Minkowski plane induces nearaffine planes described by H. A. Wilbrink.     

On geometric vector fields of Minkowski spaces and their applications

As it is well-known, a Minkowski space is a finite dimensional real vector space equipped with a Minkowski functional F. By the help of its second order partial derivatives we can introduce a Riemannian metric on the vector space and the indicatrix hypersurface S:=F⁻¹(1) can be investigated as a Riemannian submanifold in the usual sense.Our aim is to study affine vector fields on the vector space which are, at the same time, affine with respect to the Funk metric associated with the indicatrix hypersurface. We give an upper bound for the dimension of their (real) Lie algebra and it is proved that equality holds if and only if the Minkowski space is Euclidean. Criteria of the existence is also given in lower dimensional cases. Note that in case of a Euclidean vector space the Funk metric reduces to the standard Cayley-Klein metric perturbed with a nonzero 1-form.As an application of our results we present the general solution of Matsumoto's problem on conformal equivalent Berwald and locally Minkowski manifolds. The reasoning is based on the theory of harmonic vector fields on the tangent spaces as Riemannian manifolds or, in an equivalent way, as Minkowski spaces. Our main result states that the conformal equivalence between two Berwald manifolds must be trivial unless the manifolds are Riemannian.     

Geodesics on the Group of Semi-Affine Transformations of the Euclidean Plane

We obtain parameterized representations of geodesics of a sub-Riemannian metric on the three-dimensional Lie group of semi-affine transformations of the Euclidean plane, i.e., those that act as orientation preserving affine mappings on one axis, and as translations on the other one.     

Regularity of inverse mean curvature flow in asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds with dimension 3

By using the nice behavior of the Hawking mass of the slices of a weak solution of inverse mean curvature flow in three-dimensional asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds, we are able to show that each slice of the flow is star-shaped after a long time, and then we get the regularity of the weak solution of inverse mean curvature flow in asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. As an application, we prove that the limit of the Hawking mass of the slices of a weak solution of inverse mean curvature flow with any connected C~2-smooth surface as initial data in asymptotically anti-de Sitter-Schwarzschild manifolds with positive mass is greater than or equal to the total mass, which is completely different from the situation in the asymptotically flat case.     

Affine-Invariant Distances, Envelopes and Symmetry Sets

Affine invariant symmetry sets of planar curves are introduced and studied in this paper. Two different approaches are investigated. The first one is based on affine invariant distances, and defines the symmetry set as the closure of the locus of points on (at least) two affine normals and affine-equidistant from the corresponding points on the curve. The second approach is based on affine bitangent conics. In this case the symmetry set is defined as the closure of the locus of centers of conics with (at least) 3-point contact with the curve at two or more distinct points on the curve. This is equivalent to conic and curve having, at those points, the same affine tangent, or the same Euclidean tangent and curvature. Although the two analogous definitions for the classical Euclidean symmetry set are equivalent, this is not the case for the affine group. We present a number of properties of both affine symmetry sets, showing their similarities with and differences from the Euclidean case. We conclude the paper with a discussion of possible extensions to higher dimensions and other transformation groups, as well as to invariant Voronoi diagrams.