光电跟踪仪光轴平行性要求分析和误差分配

光电跟踪仪光轴平行性要求与跟踪瞄准精度、激光测距传感器照射激光光束发散角、激光回波接收系统探测视场有关，尤其是对于小目标，还与激光测距作用距离和探测概率有关。从光电跟踪仪激光测距原理和指标要求出发，分析照射光束能量分布特点，考虑温度、振动等环境因素和变调焦引起的光轴稳定性误差，提出了光电跟踪仪光轴平行性要求的计算方法。同时根据工程实践考虑光电传感器原位更换和现场标校的维修性，建立了光轴平行性误差分配模型，讨论了各随机误差项、各标校残余误差项的一般控制要求和估计方法，为光电跟踪仪设计分析、制造工艺、维修性改进提供参考。     

不同云雨条件下红外热成像系统作用距离评估

为求解红外热成像系统作用距离,以MODTRAN程序为基础,计算了不同云雨条件下的大气光谱透过率,并针对探测器定角度运行和定高度运行,分别运用光谱 路径等分法和光谱 角度等分法,对点源目标进行了红外热成像系统的探测距离求解。分析了卷云气象条件下,探测概率、降雨速率、云层厚度、云底高度等因素对大气光谱透过率和探测距离的影响。结果表明:探测概率的选取对热像仪探测距离计算结果影响较大,以坦克目标为例,探测概率由10%增加至90%时,探测距离降低21.7%;降雨对于大气透过率和探测距离影响也较大,降雨速率由0增加至4.0 mm/h时,探测距离降低76.8%;云底厚度和云层高度的影响与探测器和云层的几何位置关系相关,人目标的探测距离上限值达5.60 km;探测距离亦与探测器运行模式相关,最大差异3.8%左右。     

基于Mie散射的CO_2激光大气传输特性测量

为了更准确地计算大气透过率,在Mie散射理论基础上,分析了雷达系统设计中需考虑的大气透过率的经验计算公式,指出了该经验公式的不足。考虑大气分析软件MODTRAN自身的优点,采用经验公式和软件计算相结合的方式计算大气透过率,给出了MODTRAN计算结果的修正表达式。在该理论指导下,进行了CO2激光大气传输实验。由于没有考虑大气湍流,理论计算和实验结果存在一定偏差,但不影响本文方法的实用性。实验测量显示,激光器出口处光斑能量抖动比为6.18%,而在50m和1km处能量抖动比分别为8.3%和50.2%,表明随着传输距离增加,能量抖动比增大。除掉激光器本身输出能量抖动外,在50m和1km处由大气传输造成的能量抖动比分别为2.12%和44.02%。实验结果提示,水平传输1km时能量抖动已相当剧烈,所以对更远距离的激光传输,自适应光学补偿显得尤为重要。     

机载光学整流罩与扫描反射镜尺寸及渐晕的设计分析

为满足机载光电系统的成像作用距离要求,对机载光学整流罩以及扫描反射镜的设计尺寸进行了理论仿真分析计算,并对研制的样机进行了试验研究。以实例形式给出了整流罩设计的作用距离与相关参量的计算结果,讨论了整流罩扫描系统的渐晕大小。装备该整流罩系统的样机,在近万米高空对音速某战机的红外长波扫描搜索距离可达到86 km,红外中波跟踪达到180 km,激光测距达到47 km。结果表明:根据探测作用距离理论模型分析计算,研制的机载光学整流罩及扫描反射镜光学系统达到了设计要求。     

基于斜程传输模型的卫星激光测距在气溶胶中探测性能的研究

基于大气气溶胶在空间的不均匀分布,提出并利用激光在大气气溶胶中的斜程传输模型开展卫星激光测距在气溶胶中探测性能的研究,即将气溶胶的分布分为水平及垂直方向,在垂直方向将其分为无穷多层,令每层气溶胶的水平方向浓度分布均匀,结合气溶胶粒子的散射截面、尺度分布函数,计算激光在每层气溶胶中的透过率,最后进行积分得到激光的大气传输透过率.结果表明,与Kim经验公式及Mie理论模型相比,由斜程传输模型计算得到的激光气溶胶透过率更接近实验值,其平均相对误差降低了一个数量级,仅为3.5%,表明该模型可准确地计算激光在气溶胶中的传输特性.结合激光雷达公式,利用该模型对气溶胶中不同轨道高度卫星探测成功率进行数值模拟仿真,发现在轻霾环境中低轨卫星的探测成功率可达40%以上,高轨卫星的探测成功率仅为15%,可利用高效率探测器与高能量激光器实现轻霾环境下的卫星激光测距.研究结果能合理解释已有的实验报道并有效地预估卫星激光测距系统探测性能,为系统的升级改造提供可靠的理论依据和技术保障.     

大气红外辐射传输的简便算法与MODTRAN的比较

以红外辐射的传输理论为基础,考虑高度、倾斜以及气象条件等因素,建立了大气光谱透过率、平均透过率的理论模型与计算方法。利用以此算法为基础的程序进行了模拟计算,可得到3.0～12.0μm的红外大气透过率。将此结果与MODTRAN的计算结果做了比较,在目标高度为20km的范围内,两者吻合较好。该算法简单,便于实际应用。     

激光对反舰导弹红外探测器干扰分析

针对激光对红外制导的反舰导弹干扰问题,建立了激光对反舰导弹红外探测器的干扰链路模型,推导了激光海上传输的大气透过率,计算了1．06μm激光在海上大气传输时仰角、能见度与大气透过率的关系,估算了对不同距离的反舰导弹红外探测器实现有效干扰所需发射的激光能量。     

激光通信

TN929.1 2004064433 155/622Mb/s多发射器激光通信系统=155/622Mb/smultiple transmitter laser communication systems[刊,中]/陈刚(中科院上海光机所.上海(201800)),董作人…∥中国激光.—2004,31(5).—583-587 报道一种采用3个发射器、具有自动跟踪功能的无线激光通信系统。描述了系统结构的总体设计、关键的光学、机械和伺服控制单元,包括多个800nm波段激光发射器,980nm信标激光发射器,光电接收器,位敏探测器,步进马达和自动跟踪微处理器等。1.3km的工作距离下的传输实验结果表明,在155Mb/s的传输速率下,     

一种基于离散光谱透过率的红外探测距离模型研究

针对大气透过率是影响红外系统作用距离的重要因素,且随大气环境、波长、距离等因素而复杂变化难以精确描述,研究了大气透过率对红外系统作用距离的影响,提出一种基于离散光谱透过率的红外系统作用距离模型。使用MODTRAN 软件计算出波数间隔为1 cm-1的离散光谱大气透过率,建立大气透过率数据库,计算出波数间隔为1 cm-1的光谱区域内目标的红外辐射功率。应用该模型对实际的战斧巡航导弹进行计算,结果表明该模型具有更高的计算精确度与可行性。     

基于舰载光电跟踪装备的光电助降系统技术分析

在分析国外舰载机传统光学助降系统和雷达全自动盲降系统发展现状的基础上,给出基于舰载光电跟踪技术装备的光电助降系统的组成、配置、技术原理、技术指标,对光电助降系统中光电测量坐标系到甲板坐标系进行转换,对光电助降系统的测量误差和定位误差进行建模,在舰船无摇摆以及纵摇2周期20s,横摇10周期15s条件下,结合我国现有技术基础,分析摇摆姿态角误差、距离误差、跟踪测角误差对光电助降系统定位精度的影响并进行仿真实验,给出舰载机距着舰点距离大于1 km和小于1 km时光电助降系统的定位误差。     

激光在准球形边界卷云中传输的衰减和透过特性

高空卷云主要由各种不同形状的冰晶粒子组成,是地空链路上激光信号传输的重要影响因素。依据高空卷云中冰晶粒子的分布特征和散射特性,采用C版本的离散纵标法（CDISORT）,充分考虑地球球形曲率及云层冰晶粒子多次散射影响因素,研究准球形边界云层的激光透过率和衰减特性,并比较了太阳天顶角不同时平面平行模式和准球面模式下卷云大气激光透过率的差异,数值计算了三种激光波长（0.65,1.06和3.8 μm）在卷云中传输时的衰减和透过特性。计算结果表明：较小太阳天顶角（小于80°）入射时,两种模式下卷云大气激光透过率相对误差很小,其中0.65 μm激光波长入射时两种模式下的相对误差仅为1.72%,较大太阳天顶角（大于80°）入射时,两种模式下卷云大气激光透过率相对误差明显增大,0.65 μm激光波长入射时两种模式下的相对误差最大达到69%;卷云粒子单次散射时,激光在云层的衰减与卷云粒子有效半径、传输距离、光学厚度及激光波长等因素有关,随光学厚度的增加,云层的激光透过率减少,1.06 μm激光波长入射时透过率最大,3.8 μm激光波长入射时透过率最小;0.65和1.06 μm激光波长入射时,随云层粒子有效半径的增加激光透过率逐渐增加,而3.8 μm波长激光,随云层粒子有效半径的增加激光透过率逐渐减少,随相对方位角的增加,云层的激光透过率减少,且不同卷云传输模型对激光透过率也存在不同的影响。该研究工作将为开展地空链路星载、机载激光通信、激光雷达探测等工程系统中的激光信号云层传输特性的应用提供理论支持,同时也可进一步拓展为地空链路激光遥感、制导和预警等应用提供预先理论研究基础。     

Calculation of infrared system operating distance by spectral bisection method

During the transmission of infrared radiation, the atmospheric transmittance could be a complex parameter due to the absorbing and scattering of atmosphere, as well as the influences from the environment and transmission distance. With the help of a spectral bisection method, a new assessing formula and solution is raised by calculating the operating distance of infrared system. In the small segments, MODTRAN can be used to figure out the percentage of penetration, which is called by advanced program, so as to get the infrared radiation in those segments. The calculated data of the segments were summed up and used to calculate the operating distance of the infrared system. Compared with the conventional calculation methods that the transmittance was used as a constant or a average, The calculation precise of the operating distance is highly increased by this method the results of all small segments by comparing with the traditional methods. The whole computing process becomes more clear and effective by taking the influences from visibility of atmosphere, altitude, targets zenith angle and spatial frequency into consideration, and by building an instant monitoring system of the operating distance. The final computing result and real effecting distance are based on the general simulation for penetration rate and the tendency of operating distance in all conditions.     

基于激光外差技术的高分辨率整层大气透过率测量

激光外差技术是一种高灵敏度的光谱探测技术,利用该技术研制的装置易于集成化小型化,可以进行地基或星载的地球大气或天文观测。基于激光外差光谱测量技术,结合自研的太阳跟踪仪建立了一套高分辨率整层大气透过率测量系统,系统分辨率约为0.006 cm-1。该系统利用太阳光和红外激光在非线性探测器中进行光学混频,通过对获取的混频信号进行电子学滤波和平方率探测,获得了高光谱分辨率的外差信号。采用Langley-plot定标法对测量系统进行定标,获取了仪器标定常数和对应的大气总光学厚度,实现了中红外波段整层大气透过率的实时测量。同时,将实测整层大气透过率与MODTRAN5.0软件仿真计算的结果进行对比分析,两者的一致性较好。分析表明该测量系统具有很高的分辨率并且性能稳定可靠,在大气科学、天文观测和激光大气传输等研究领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Infra-red heterodyne laser radar for remote sensing of air pollutants by range-resolved differential absorption

An infra-red heterodyne laser radar scheme incorporating range-resolved differential absorption using elastically backscattered, pulsed signal from distributed particles in the atmosphere is proposed and analysed. The basic requirements of the system arrangement and operating parameters involved in this scheme are discussed in detail. This method is shown to offer a remote and spatially-resolved measurement of various molecuar pollutants dispersed in the air for ranges up to several km and detection sensitivities to less than 0.1 ppm with laser pulses of 100 W average power. This power is 10³ to 10⁶ times smaller than that required with the conventional direct detection technique in the infra-red. The measuring accuracy and its limiting processes inherent to the infra-red range-resolved differential absorption method are also analysed.     

Ladar/radar dual mode operation system for enhancing tracking range and accuracy

Previously investigated LADAR Cooperative target acquisition and tracking systems, are enhanced from 10 to 40 km in good visibility conditions. The choice of an optimal LADAR source and the ranges improvements of accurate tracking operation are described. For enhancing detection ranges, specific dual mode LADAR/RADAR systems have been proposed. The optimal solutions for all weather ranges above 400 km are L band RADAR characterized by very high power complex transmitters and bulky antennas.     

Optimized LADAR/RADAR system for detection and tracking

The LADAR (LAser raDAR) is limited in detection and tracking of cooperative targets to less than 30 km range for ground and low altitude systems as has previously been found. This paper addresses the optimized design of a dual mode LADAR/RADAR system with respect to operation ranges. Computational results for specific RADAR Systems show significant improvements for cooperative target detection and tracking ranges beyond 30 km up to 450 km even under severe atmospheric conditions. The price for range improvement is enhanced complexity of the LADAR system and reduced tracking accuracy in the first steps of the detection process.     

Optimized LADAR/RADAR system for detection and tracking

The LADAR (LAser raDAR) is limited in detection and tracking of cooperative targets to less than 30 km range for ground and low altitude systems as has previously been found. This paper addresses the optimized design of a dual mode LADAR/RADAR system with respect to operation ranges. Computational results for specific RADAR Systems show significant improvements for cooperative target detection and tracking ranges beyond 30 km up to 450 km even under severe atmospheric conditions. The price for range improvement is enhanced complexity of the LADAR system and reduced tracking accuracy in the first steps of the detection process.     

激光制导目标方位探测系统的光学设计

根据激光制导目标方位探测系统技术指标,分析了系统光学设计的特点,选定了光学系统的结构形式,探讨了激光回波光斑大小与四象限探测器光敏面大小之间的相互关系及其对目标探测跟踪的影响,并利用ZEMAX软件进行了系统参数优化,设计结果满足了使用要求。