针对动态用户的上行非正交多址接入技术

为了增强非正交多址接入技术(NOMA, non-orthogonal multiple access)应用场景的广泛性，本文给出了一个针对动态用户的上行NOMA系统。在传统的NOMA系统中，基站将用户到基站间的具体距离反馈给用户。由于在本文的场景中用户是动态分布的，基站实时地反馈具体距离势必会使系统开销过大。为了减少系统开销，本文假定基站只向用户反馈距离的统计特性，用户在之后的信息传输中根据距离的统计特性确定发射功率。理论分析了动态用户的中断性能并推导出了中断概率的表达式。仿真验证了理论推导的正确性，表明了当用户的分布区域内外边界值相差不大时，利用距离的统计特性和利用具体距离确定发射功率可以获得几乎相同的中断性能。      

智能反射表面辅助的非正交多址接入系统用户分组、波束赋形与相移的优化

该文研究智能反射表面(IRS)辅助的多天线非正交多址接入(NOMA)网络中用户分组、发送波束赋形、相移等的联合优化问题。系统中1个分组分配1个波束并在组内进行连续干扰消除检测。该文提出一种不依赖于发送波束赋形和IRS相移的用户分组配对策略,将用户分组与其他优化分离,显著降低了优化问题求解的难度和计算复杂度。进一步,联合优化基站发送波束赋形、功率分配和IRS相移矩阵,最小化基站的总发送功率。原始优化问题是一个多变量相互耦合的非凸优化问题,利用松弛变量、连续凸逼近、半定松弛、交替迭代优化等方法将原问题转化为凸问题并求解。仿真结果显示,相较于1个用户1个波束的方案,所提方案在基站天线数较少时性能更优,而在天线数较多时也与该对比方案非常接近,但所提方案的优化计算复杂度更低。而对比采用不同分组算法、随机IRS相移方案、最大比发射方案,以及无IRS的方案,所提方案的性能始终更优。     

基于非正交多址接入系统的多用户分组优化算法

用户分组算法作为非正交多址接入(NOMA)的关键部分,对系统吞吐量和用户公平性具有重要影响。当用户数量和可用的资源增加时,用户分组的最佳调度将变得不可行,该文提出一种子带间多用户分组优化算法。该算法首先根据用户信道增益差异和子带复用用户数限制条件进行多用户初始分组处理,减小用户搜索空间,然后逐步完成初始分组用户间的优化组合,以几何平均用户吞吐量最大为用户分组准则,进一步提升小区边缘用户的吞吐量。仿真结果表明,所提算法与传统的用户分组算法相比,系统总吞吐量和几何平均用户吞吐量性能提升均超过3%。     

关于5G的非正交多址接入技术分析

5G技术创新将会出现在无线和网络两个层面,与传统方式不同的是,5G将不再以单一多址接入技术作为主要特征,其采用一组关键技术—非正交多址接入技术,内涵将更加宽泛。文章分析了当前5G研究中最热门的非正交多址接入技术、多用户共享接入技术和稀疏码多址接入技术3种非正交多址技术的本质思想,以及比较了它们各自的优势和存在的问题,并且在5G多址技术选取方面对3种非正交多址技术提出了选取依据。     

非正交多址接入下行链路用户匹配与功率优化算法

该文针对应用非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术的多输入多输出(MIMO)下行通信系统,在考虑误差传播进行理论分析的基础上,提出一种基于距离和空间相关度的用户匹配准则,并对基站的发射功率分配进行优化。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够在提高系统可容纳用户数的同时保证好的系统的和速率性能。     

面向5G的非正交多址接入技术

为了满足未来5G在频谱效率和连接数等方面的需求,非正交多址接入技术日益受到产业界的重视.从多用户信息论的角度,首先,探讨非正交多址接入与正交多址的理论性能比较及其逼近多用户信道容量界的有效途径;其次,对功率域、星座域、码域3种非正交多址方案的设计原理、信号处理和性能增益进行了深入分析;最后,从网络运营的角度剖析了非正交多址接入技术的应用场景、对系统设计带来的影响和网络后向兼容性等问题.     

面向后5G的非正交多址技术综述

在后5G时代,作为一种候选方案,非正交多址技术(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)正在被5G的演进技术标准讨论,该技术可以满足大规模连接和高吞吐量的要求。阐述了NOMA技术的基本原理、技术提案、性能仿真和潜在的研究方向。首先概述了NOMA技术的发展和原理,比较了NOMA相比于正交多址技术(Orthogonal MultipleAccess,OMA)的优势;根据NOMA技术在资源块(Resource Block,RB)上复用方式的不同,从比特级和符号级的层面讨论了NOMA技术不同的技术路线。其次着重阐述了NOMA技术的仿真实验,以多用户共享接入(Multi-User Shared Access,MUSA)和稀疏码多址接入技术(Sparse Code Multiple Access,SCMA)为例进行了性能分析。最后给出了NOMA在未来的潜在研究方向,包括与多入多出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)结合、与认知无线电结合和全双工NOMA等。     

融合通用滤波多载波的非正交多址接入技术

典型的非正交多址接入技术（Non-orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA）有稀疏码分（Sparse Code Multiple Access,SCMA）、多用户共享（Multi-user Shared Access,MUSA）、图样分割（Pattern Division Multiple Access,PDMA）等。为了研究这三种典型的NOMA技术与通用滤波多载波复用技术（Universal Filtered Multi-carrier,UFMC）技术结合后的性能,将三种典型的NOMA与UFMC结合,然后分析比较了它们的误码率性能,通过仿真对比得出UFMC-SCMA系统相比其他两种结合系统具有更好的系统性能。为了更进一步验证UFMC-SCMA系统的优点,还将其与热门的OFDM-SCMA系统进行对比。研究结果表明,由于UFMC-SCMA系统具有码本的稀疏性以及近似最优的信息传递算法（Message Passing Algorithm,MPA）检测方案,并采用子频带滤波,有效降低了误码率并提高了频谱效率,因而其具有较好的系统性能。     

面向5G的非正交多址接入技术

在频谱资源受限的情况下,非正交多址接入（non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA）技术由于其良好的过载性能而受到广泛关注。首先,提出了基于复杂度受限的NOMA理论设计模型;接着,对目前主流的NOMA 技术方案进行了研究分析,并针对每种方案给出了其设计原理;进一步,设计了基于期望值传播（expectation propagation,EP）的低复杂度接收机;最后,通过仿真比较了 NOMA 与传统正交多址接入（orthogonal multiple access,OMA）技术的性能。结果表明,NOMA较传统的OMA技术能够显著提升系统容量和误码率（block error rate,BLER）性能。     

下行时间反转非正交多址接入系统的设计与优化

针对时间反转多址接入系统在用户相关性较大时,用户间干扰严重,导致系统和速率下降问题,提出一种将时间反转多址接入技术与功率域非正交多址接入技术相结合的下行多址系统方案.将相关性较高的用户分为一组,组内用户符号采用非正交叠加传输的方式,不同用户组的符号采用时间反转滤波器进行预处理,实现多用户符号的同时同频传输.给出了一种用户分组算法,进一步在用户最小速率和基站的总发送功率约束下,采用迭代信干噪比注水算法优化用户的发送功率以最大化系统和速率.仿真结果表明,本文方案在配备单根发送天线、预滤波器采用迫零准则设计时高发送功率下的系统和速率比常规的时间反转多址接入方案约高30%;天线数目越多,性能优势越明显.     

基于OQAM-OFDM的NOMA通信系统设计

针对传统基于正交频分复用（OFDM）调制波形的非正交多址接入（NOMA）通信系统存在的旁瓣衰减较慢问题,提出了一种基于交错正交幅度调制的正交频分复用（OQAM-OFDM）波形的NOMA系统设计方案。所提设计方法通过在典型NOMA系统设计中加入OQAM预调制和滤波器组滤波等处理,有效加快旁瓣衰减,实现了较好的频域聚焦性能。仿真结果表明,提出的设计方法不仅有效提高了系统的频谱利用率,而且在抵抗多径干扰时误码率有所降低。虽然重点研究了通信下行链路,但是所得结论同样适用于上行链路。     

User pairing schemes for capacity maximization in non‐orthogonal multiple access systems

This paper addresses the issues related with conventional near–far user pairing in non‐orthogonal multiple access. Performance effects of near–far pairing on regions with negligible channel gain differences between users are investigated. These regions occur when pairing is performed between cell center and cell edge users, thus leaving the cell mid users to be either paired with each other or kept unpaired. Pairing these mid users with each other causes successive interference cancelation (SIC) performance degradation resulting in capacity reduction for these users. On the other hand, leaving these mid users unpaired perfectly avoids the SIC issue but makes these users unable to benefit from the capacity gains provided by non‐orthogonal multiple access. Therefore, two user pairing strategies have been proposed that can provide capacity gains to almost all the users by accommodating them in pairs, while avoiding or minimizing the mid users pairing problem. A generalized M‐users pairing scheme is also proposed. Simulations have been performed to investigate the performance of proposed schemes for both perfect and imperfect SIC receiver scenarios in comparison with conventional pairing where the mid users are kept paired with each other. Simulation results show that proposed schemes achieve high capacity gains, especially when imperfect SIC is considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Energy-aware power allocation using Ladybug Beetle Honey Badger Optimization in multiple-input multiple-output-non-orthogonal multiple access with multiple users

The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is highly capable of serving multiple users at similar times and frequencies. The power allocation (PA) is widely considered as a main factor in NOMA for efficient communication. Here, the application of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is added to NOMA to fulfill demands of enriched spectral efficiencies and extra user data. In this research, the Ladybug Beetle Honey Badger Optimization (LBHBO) is proposed for efficient PA in MIMO-NOMA. Initially, the received signals from the user are modulated for amplitude and frequency. Then, user grouping is conducted by fuzzy local information c-means (FLICM) clustering followed by using PA done by proposed LBHBO. This power is then moved to the transmitter and then to the channel estimation process. Moreover, cyclic prefix (CP) removal is carried out that tends to discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Finally, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) demodulation is performed for reallocated output. Furthermore, LBHBO is formed by combining Ladybug Beetle Optimization (LBO) and Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA). The performance offered by the LBHBO-PA with maximal values with energy efficiency (EE) of 25.38 Mbits/s, sum rate of 1.29 Mbits/s, and achievable rate of 100.47 Mbits/s.     

Unified performance analysis with exact solutions for uplink non-orthogonal multiple access system-based cellular networks

This research presents a unified performance analysis methodology for the power domains of uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system consisting of a base station and an arbitrary number of users over Rayleigh fading channels. The study derives exact closed-form expressions for key performance metrics, such as outage probability (OP), symbol error rate (SER), outage capacity (OC), average channel capacity (AVC), and amount of fading, using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulations. The analysis encompasses all necessary channel parameters for evaluating the performance of an uplink NOMA system. The theoretical and simulation results completely supported one another. Furthermore, the results were compared with experiments in the literature using similar parameters. The proposed system was determined to increase performance by 40% for OP, 62% for SER, and 4.74 times for AVC at SNR = 20 dB. Finally, this study introduced exact solutions that can significantly accelerate NOMA systems analysis by exploiting the information in the existing database for analytical design processes in communications theory.     

非正交多址中继系统复数域网络编码优化设计

无线中继与网络编码是提高通信系统数据可靠性和吞吐率的重要技术手段,重点研究了单中继非正交多址系统复数域网络编码的优化设计问题.首先,在限制源节点和中继节点的总发送功率并假设各个源节点发送功率相同的条件下,证明了当源节点与中继节点发送功率相等时基于复数域网络编码的单中继非正交多址系统误符号率(SEP)性能最佳.其次,以编码增益为目标函数,提出了一种复数域网络编码的优化设计方法.与已有的复数域网络编码系数设计方法相比,此方法能满足任意源节点个数条件下复数域网络编码系数的优化设计要求,同时可以有效地避免因为网络编码系数选择不当造成信号重叠的现象,提升和改进系统的SEP性能.     

A novel multicarrier index keying-aided non-orthogonal multiple access systems in presence of uncertain channel state information

This paper investigates the performance of novel multicarrier index keying-aided non-orthogonal multiple access (MCIK-NOMA) system. Unlike the classical scheme, the proposed system sends the information through both index domain and constellation domain symbols thereby increases the spectral efficiency. The impact of channel state information (CSI) uncertainty on the system's performance is investigated. More specifically, the performance of MCIK-NOMA under three different CSI conditions is analyzed: perfect CSI, MMSE-based variable CSI, and fixed CSI uncertainty. This paper also discusses the optimum power difference needed for the successful separation of symbols at the SIC receiver by alternating the power ratio in the proposed system. The influence of selecting different active subcarriers and modulation techniques on the system's performance is studied in detail. The simulation results show that the proposed system achieves better BER and spectral efficiency and outperforms the existing systems.     

一种基于粒子群算法的DC-NOMA系统遍历容量优化方案

为提升设备到设备（Device-to-Device,D2D）辅助的协作非正交多址接入（Non-orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA）中继系统的性能,以最大化系统遍历容量为目标建立优化模型,利用粒子群优化（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）算法设计最优功率分配策略,求出每个用户的最佳功率分配因子,从而得到系统遍历容量的最优值。仿真结果表明,所提出的基于PSO的功率分配方案不仅能提高系统容量,还可以降低用户的中断概率。     

SIMO-NOMA系统分步多用户检测策略

上行免调度非正交多址接入（NOMA）系统中,针对低信噪比情况下通过压缩感知技术联合检测活跃用户和数据的误码率性能比较差的问题,提出了分步多用户检测策略。该策略考虑信号的稀疏度对系统检测性能的影响,理论分析得出了检测成功概率的下界,以降低稀疏度来提高重构概率;结合压缩感知硬融合算法（CS-HFA）,对稀疏信号进行二次筛选,最终实现信号的精确检测。仿真结果表明,随着信噪比、活跃用户数或者过载率的改变,改进方案表现出较好的系统检测性能。     

Exploiting cooperative diversity with non-orthogonal multiple access over slow fading channel

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has attracted a significant attention to the research community as a potential candidate for 5G or future radio access. This article presents a NOMA-based cooperative network where a transmitter considered as a base station communicates simultaneously with two users treating as a far user and a near user via the help of a half-duplex decode-and-forward relay. We investigate the outage probability and the outage capacity of the proposed network over independent Rayleigh slow fading channels. Closed-form expressions of the outage probabilities are derived for both users. Approximate outage capacity of the users are also investigated at high signal to noise ratio regime. It has been shown that the proposed cooperative NOMA can achieve superior performance compared to the non-cooperative NOMA in terms of outage probability. The tightness between the simulation and theoretical results confirms the efficiency of the proposed protocol.