谐振腔提高横向光电效应的量子效率

根据位置敏感探测器的原理,设计了p-i-n型的谐振腔结构,研究谐振腔提高横向光电效应的量子效率。以一维缺陷光子晶体作为顶部光学镜,底部为分布式Bragg反射镜(DBR),中间为激活介质谐振腔。利用传输矩阵法计算了一维缺陷光子晶体的透射特性。由于顶部和底部结构的高反作用,一维缺陷光子晶体的透射谐振导模将被有效地限制在激活介质中。通过对谐振腔模型的分析,得出了激活介质的量子效率,并进行了数值仿真。结果表明,一维缺陷光子晶体的谐振导模能有效提高谐振腔中激活介质的量子转换效率。     

谐振腔提高横向光电效应的量子效率

根据位置敏感探测器的原理,设计了p-i-n型的谐振腔结构,研究谐振腔提高横向光电效应的量子效率。以一维缺陷光子晶体作为顶部光学镜,底部为分布式Bragg反射镜(DBR),中间为激活介质谐振腔。利用传输矩阵法计算了一维缺陷光子晶体的透射特性。由于顶部和底部结构的高反作用,一维缺陷光子晶体的透射谐振导模将被有效地限制在激活介质中。通过对谐振腔模型的分析,得出了激活介质的量子效率,并进行了数值仿真。结果表明,一维缺陷光子晶体的谐振导模能有效提高谐振腔中激活介质的量子转换效率。     

Bose condensation of interwell excitons in lateral traps: A phase diagram

The luminescence of interwell excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum wells (n-i-n heterostructures) containing large-scale random-potential fluctuations was studied. The study dealt with the properties of an exciton whose photoexcited electron and hole are spatially divided between the neighboring quantum wells under density variation and at temperatures of down to 0.5 K. We investigated domains ∼1 μm in size, which act as macroscopic exciton traps. Once the resonance laser pump power reaches a certain threshold, a very narrow delocalized exciton line appears (with a width less than 0.3 meV), which grows strongly in intensity with increasing pump power and shifts toward lower energies (by approximately 0.5 meV) in accordance with the exciton buildup in the lowest state in the domain. As the temperature increases, this spectral line disappears in a nonactivated manner. This phenomenon is assigned to Bose condensation occurring in the quasi-two-dimensional system of interwell excitons. The critical exciton density and temperature were determined within the temperature interval studied (0.5 to 3.6 K), and a phase diagram specifying the exciton condensate region was constructed. __________ Translated from Fizika Tverdogo Tela, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2004, pp. 168–170. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2004 by Dremin, Larionov, Timofeev.     

Quantum tunneling of ultracold atoms in optical traps

We review our theoretical advances in quantum tunneling of BoseEinstein condensates in optical traps and in microcavities. By employing a real physical system, the frequencies of the pseudo Goldstone modes in different phases between two optical traps are studied respectivdy, which are tile crucial feature of the non-Abelian Joseptmon effect. When the optical lattices are under gravity, we investigate the quantum tummling in the ＂Wannier-Stark localization＂ regime and ＂Lan（lau Zener tunneling＂ regime. We finally get the total decay rate and the rate is valid over the entire range of temperatures. At high temperatures, we show how the decay rate reduces to the appropriate results for the classical thermal activation. At hltermediate temperatures, the results of tile total decay rate are consistent with the thermally assisted tunneling. At low temperatures, we obtain the pure quantmn tunneling ultimately. And we study the alternating-current and direct-current （ac and de） photonic 3osephson effects in two weakly linked microcavities containing ultracold two-level atones, which allows for direct observation of the effects. This enables new investigations of the effect of maw-body physics in strongly coupled atom-cavity systems and provides a strategy for constructing novel interference devices of coherent photons. In addition, we propose the experimental protocols to observe these quantmn tunneling of Bose- Einstein condensates.     

Proposals of stable optical traps for neutral atoms

Proposals of three dimensional stable optical traps for neutral atoms are presented. Two different laser beam configurations, separately optimized for trapping and cooling, act alternately on the same atomic transition, or simultaneously on two different transitions. Large values are predicted for the ratio optical potential depths over residual kinetic energy.     

Feasibility of narrow-line cooling in optical dipole traps

We have investigated the influence of narrow-line laser cooling on the loading of Ca atoms into optical dipole traps. To describe the narrow-line cooling of alkaline-earth atoms in combination with optical dipole trapping, we have developed a model that takes into account the light shifts of the cooling transition in three dimensions. The model is compared with two experimental realizations of optical dipole traps for calcium at the wavelengths 514 nm and 10.6 μm.     

穿孔管消声器声学长度修正的理论公式

推导出穿孔管消声器声学长度修正以及共振频率的理论公式。证明了在均匀分布情况下,多小孔向膨胀腔声辐射与单个小孔向膨胀腔声辐射的声学长度修正系数是一致的。对于小孔向主管道的声辐射,根据理论公式研究了穿孔率、周向均布数以及亥姆赫兹数对声学长度修正的影响,有限元计算得出在直径比小于0.4的情况下声学长度修正系数理论公式与仿真计算结果吻合良好。并利用理论公式的性质以及仿真结果获得了实用的拟合公式,提升了穿孔管消声器在高频时共振频率的计算精度。     

The effect of nonadiabaticity on the efficiency of quantum memory based on an optical cavity

Photoluminescence of CdSe colloidal nanocrystals of different topologies in an external electric field has been studied. It has been found that quenching of photoluminescence, which takes place in quantum dots, is proportional to the square of the field, and in elongated nanocrystals quenching of photoluminescence is proportional to the square root. A physical model of the mechanism of quenching based on tunneling of free charges through potential barrier nanocrystal/matrix has been proposed.     

Photonic nanojets as three-dimensional optical atom traps: A theoretical study

We show that an efficient three-dimensional optical atom trap can be achieved by light scattered off a dielectric microsphere. Namely, under suitable conditions, a plane wave incident on a polymer sphere produces a focal point in the forward scattering direction known as photonic nanojet. The photonic nanojet is formed at a distance of a few micrometers away from the surface of the sphere wherein the Casimir–Polder interaction felt by an atom is negligible compared to the optical and gravitational potentials. When many polymer spheres are brought together so as to form a linear chain, a one-dimensional periodic optical lattice filled with cold atoms is possible since interference between the incident and scattered beams is minimal when the spheres are not too close.     

The periodic magnetic cylinder tube for atom guidance： transport efficiency analysis

We have proposed a model of periodic axial magnetized hollow tube for atom guidance (1999 Opt. Commun. 160 72－4). In the present paper, an analytic solution of the magnetic field inside the tube is obtained and the transport efficiency of the cold atoms in the magnetic tube at different tube intensities of magnetization is discussed. The effect of the curvature of magnetic tube on the atom transport efficiency is also considered. We have found that the tube has a cooling effect on the transverse temperature of the transported atoms.     

Stiffness of optical traps: quantitative agreement between experiment and electromagnetic theory

The first quantitative agreement between measured and calculated stiffnesses of optically trapped particles in the subwavelength regime is presented. It is shown for all three dimensions that the measured extent of harmonic optical trapping potentials for dielectric spheres comes very close to the theoretically predicted extent, provided all known instrumental parameters are considered. The recently predicted strong asymmetry of the trapping potential due to the electric field's linear polarization has been verified in all three directions. This effect vanishes for spheres with diameters d approximately lambda, which exhibit the strongest trap stiffnesses.     

Realizing colloidal artificial ice on arrays of optical traps

We demonstrate how a colloidal version of artificial ice can be realized on optical trap lattices. Using numerical simulations, we show that this system obeys the ice rules and that for strong colloid-colloid interactions, an ordered ground state appears. We show that the ice-rule ordering can occur for systems with as few as 24 traps and that the ordering transition can be observed at constant temperature by varying the barrier strength of the traps.     

Measuring the quantum efficiency of the optical emission of single radiating dipoles using a scanning mirror

Using scanning probe techniques, we show the controlled manipulation of the radiation from single dipoles. In one experiment we study the modification of the fluorescence lifetime of a single molecular dipole in front of a movable silver mirror. A second experiment demonstrates the changing plasmon spectrum of a gold nanoparticle in front of a dielectric mirror. Comparison of our data with theoretical models allows determination of the quantum efficiency of each radiating dipole.     

The effect of traps on the muon spin relaxation function

Summary In summary it is clear that SR in the presence of traps has led to a significant generalization of prior NMR theories of spin relaxation to include the effects of a non-stationary distribution of diffusing particles. In both the high field transverse geometry and in zero field it is possible to extract significant information regarding the concentrations and binding energies of traps, and, in the latter case, to unambiguously measure the temperature dependence of the relaxation rate to traps.At the same time it is also clear that significant problems still remain to be solved. Many of these are concerned with our present inadequate knowledge regarding the diffusion of muons in even pure materials, let alone the disordered systems upon which we have concentrated here. However, given the growth in our understanding of trapping phenomena over the past several years, it is probably not too much to hope that in another few years many of these present questions will also be answered.     

The optical Aharonov-Bohm effect

It is shown that the vector potential of a circularly polarized laser causes the optical equivalent of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. An estimate is made of the expected fringe shift due to a circularly polarized laser directed through an optical fiber in an electron diffraction experiment, and it is shown that the effect is equivalent to that of a magnetic field.     

翅片长度对纵向翅片扁管换热器换热性能的影响

纵向翅片扁管换热器是一种新型换热器。气体沿扁管轴向方向流动,与管内介质的流动路径平行,可强化传热,减少气侧阻力,不易积灰结垢,维护方便。利用数值模拟方法,以纵向翅片扁管换热器为研究对象,分析翅片长度对换热性能的影响,对换热器的翅片长度进行优化。研究表明,不同进口风速对应不同的有效纵向翅片长度。随着进口风速的增大,翅片的有效长度越大。     

The effect of s-wave scattering length on self-trapping and tunneling phenomena of Fermi gases in one-dimensional accelerating optical lattices

We investigate the tunneling dynamics of the Fermi gases in an optical lattice in the Bose–Einstein condensation(BEC) regime. The three critical scattering lengths and the system energies are found in different cases of Josephson oscillation(JO), oscillating-phase-type self-trapping(OPTST), running-phase-type self-trapping(RPTST), and self-trapping(ST). It is found that the s-wave scattering lengths have a crucial role on the tunneling dynamics. By adjusting the scattering length in the adiabatic condition, the transition probability changes with the adiabatic periodicity and a rectangular periodic pattern emerges. The periodicity of the rectangular wave depends on the system parameters such as the periodicity of the adjustable parameter, the s-wave scattering length.     

光激电流谱的测试

用光激瞬态电流谱ＯＴＣＳ（ｏｐｉｔａｌｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｃｕｎｅｎｔｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ）方法对ＩｎＰ∶Ｆｅ进行了初步测试。目的是研究半绝缘ＩｎＰ∶Ｆｅ中的深能级，了解其作为光电器件、高速器件衬底的稳定性。在低温下，用强光发现半绝缘ＩｎＰ∶Ｆｅ中存在两深能级，分别是ＥＴ＝０．３４ｅＶ的电子陷阱和ＥＴ＝１．１３ｅＶ的空穴陷阱。     

A dynamic array of optical traps for deformation of elongated microobjects

A simple technique for the formation of an array of laser traps on the basis of phase diffraction gratings is proposed. The array allows trapping transparent elongated microobjects at several points simultaneously. The dynamic variation in the spatial disposition of the traps makes its possible to impose deformation on a trapped microobject. The technique proposed has been experimentally tested.