电场辅助溶解法实现玻璃表面金纳米粒子的形貌控制

贵金属纳米粒子由于其非常独特的光学特性和表面活性, 在光子学、 催化和生物标识等方面都有非常重要的应用. 采用离子溅射和后续热处理相结合的方法在玻璃表面形成了尺寸大约为60-80 nm的单分散的球形金纳米粒子. 在适当的温度条件下, 采用步进式增加的强直流电场, 实现了金纳米粒子的电场辅助溶解过程. 在玻璃表面的不同颜色区域, 初始球形的金纳米粒子溶解成月蚀状形貌. 结合不同颜色区域内金纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振吸收性质和扫描电镜照片, 研究了实验条件对金纳米粒子性质的影响. 结合电场辅助溶解实验过程中的电流-电压特性, 分析了金纳米粒子在强直流电场辅助下溶解的物理过程: 金粒子中动出的电子向阳极的隧穿过程作为开始, 随后是金阳离子向玻璃基体中的传输过程和阴极提供的电子与带有正电荷的金粒子相结合的过程. 详细讨论了电场辅助溶解法实现金纳米粒子形貌控制的物理机制.     

Bismuth silicate glass containing heavy metal oxide as a promising radiation shielding material

Optical and FTIR spectroscopic measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) properties have been utilized to investigate and characterize the given compositions of binary bismuth silicate glasses. In this work, it is aimed to study the possibility of using the prepared bismuth silicate glasses as a good shielding material for γ-rays in which adding bismuth oxide to silicate glasses causes distinguish increase in its density by an order of magnitude ranging from one to two more than mono divalent oxides. The good thermal stability and high density of the bismuth-based silicate glass encourage many studies to be undertaken to understand its radiation shielding efficiency. For this purpose a glass containing 20% bismuth oxide and 80% SiO₂ was prepared using the melting–annealing technique. In addition the effects of adding some alkali heavy metal oxides to this glass, such as PbO, BaO or SrO, were also studied. EPR measurements show that the prepared glasses have good stability when exposed to γ-irradiation. The changes in the FTIR spectra due to the presence of metal oxides were referred to the different housing positions and physical properties of the respective divalent Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions. Calculations of optical band gap energies were presented for some selected glasses from the UV data to support the probability of using these glasses as a gamma radiation shielding material. The results showed stability of both optical and magnetic spectra of the studied glasses toward gamma irradiation, which validates their irradiation shielding behavior and suitability as the radiation shielding candidate materials.     

Z-scan study of nonlinear absorption of gold nano-particles prepared by ion implantation in various types of silicate glasses

Metal nano-clusters composite glasses synthesized by ion implantation have been shown as promising nonlinear photonic material. In this paper, we report on the nonlinear absorption measurements of gold nano-particles implanted in four structurally different types of silicate glasses. All targets containing gold nano-particles in a layer 500 nm under the surface of the glass have been prepared by ion implantation with subsequent annealing. The targets were characterized by UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by the Z-scan technique. The resulting nano-particles differed in size, range of particle size and shape as well as depth distribution characteristic for glasses with different chemical compositions. With the Z-scan technique, it can be shown that the nano-particles produced in silicate glasses exhibit substantial two-photon absorption (TPA). The TPA coefficient differed depending on size, shape, and depth distribution of the metal nano-clusters and the structure and composition of the glass substrates. The highest TPA coefficient (16.25 cm/GW) was found for the glass BK7 in which the largest non-spherical nano-particles have been observed in the thinnest layer.     

掺镱锂硅酸盐玻璃的光谱及离子交换特性分析

采用高温二次化料的方法制备一种多梯度折射率芯光纤所用掺镱锂硅酸盐玻璃,测量了玻璃样品的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命,利用McCumber理论计算了该玻璃系统中镱离子的2F5/2→2I7/2能级跃迁受激发射截面。研究表明锂硅酸盐玻璃中Yb3+在1006nm处的σemi为0.38×10-20 cm2,荧光有效线宽为82.4nm,荧光寿命为1.31ms。在530℃高温硝酸钠熔盐中,对玻璃Li+-Na+离子交换到达中心轴前后制作的梯度折射率透镜的成像和折射率分布特性进行了研究。光谱分析和离子交换实验结果表明,该玻璃是制作梯度折射率光纤的理想材料,可用于多梯度折射率芯光纤的制作,是大模场光纤的候选材料。     

Tm3+-Doped Oxyfluoride Silicate Glasses for TDFA

The fluorine doping along with heavy metal oxides was remarkably raised the lifetime and the quantum efficiency of 3H4 in silicate glasses. The fluorine doping changed the local structure around Tm3+ ions, then low energy vibrations related to fluorine are considered to largely reduce the multi-phonon relaxation rates in the oxyfluoride silicate glasses.     

利用超声相干技术在室温和高压下研究几种不同性能的玻璃

 综合使用超声相干技术几种不同的测量方法，分别研究两类三种不同性能的玻璃材料，测量它们的声速和衰减在室温及高压条件下的变化规律。结果表明：两类玻璃的声速和衰减以及由此而得到的弹性常数存在较大差异。两种硅玻璃在高压下，声速随压力变化的规律相似，压力升高时，纵波速度随之单调增加，横波速度线性减少，纵波衰减也随压力升高呈增加趋势。不同的是：两种玻璃横波衰减随压力的变化规律完全相反，水白玻璃的衰减增加，窗口玻璃的减小。上述几种方法的测量结果基本一致，且在相应的压力范围内与布里渊散射的实验结果基本吻合。     

New chemically stable Er_(3+)-Yb_(3+) co-doped phosphate glass for optical waveguide lasers and amplifiers

A set of phosphate glasses with different amounts of Al2O3, Na2O, La2O3 and AlF3 contents were prepared to search for a phosphate glass which is suitable for ion-exchange process. Based on chemical durability test results and spectroscopic properties, a glass with excellent chemical durability and good spectroscopic properties is developed for ion-exchange process. The emission cross section of Er3+ in this glass is calculated to be 0.72×10~20 cm2 by McCumber theory. The planar waveguide with three modes at 632.8 nm and one mode at 1540 nm can be realized by 335℃ 3 hours ion-exchange in 5%AgNO3+95%KNO3 molten salt.     

Effect of γ-irradiation on the electrical conductivity of some soda lime silicate glass containing blast furnace slag

The effect of electric field strength on conduction in soda lime silicate glass doped with blast furnace slag with different concentration was studied and the value of jump distance was calculated. The structure and the mixed anion effect in the conductivity have been examined by measuring the electrical conductivity of glass samples at temperature ranging between 20 and 250 °C. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of the examined glasses are divided into three ranges depending on the temperature range. The first is from room temperature to about 49.5 °C, the second is at a temperature range of 60.3–104 °C where the glass shows a decrease in its conductivity with the increase in temperature. This was followed by another increase in the electrical conductivity with the increase in temperature. The results also showed that the glass becomes more insulating as the slag content increased. The effect of irradiation was also studied by exposing glass samples to two different irradiation doses. It can be noticed that irradiation causes an increase in the electrical conductivity, especially at high temperature. The results were discussed and correlated according to the molecular structure of the prepared glass.     

GeS2-In2S3硫系玻璃的物化性质与晶化行为研究

认识玻璃组成-性能-结构之间关系是玻璃科学中经久不衰的研究课题之一. 在制得(100-x) GeS₂-xIn₂S₃ (x=10, 15, 20, 25或30 mol%) 系列玻璃和玻璃陶瓷样品的基础上, 利用可见-近红外透过光谱, DSC, XRD和Raman光谱等测试技术表征了随组份变化的光学带隙, 玻璃转变温度以及晶化行为等, 并结合GeS₂-Ga₂S₃玻璃研究结果探讨了Ga, In 元素及其形成的网络结构对玻璃性质的影响.研究发现, 在硫系玻璃中In比Ga对光学带隙和玻璃转变温度等性质的影响要大. 它们所形成玻璃的晶化行为也截然不同, 但与其各自的材料相图有着密切的联系. 利用偏振拉曼光谱获得玻璃网络中的基本结构单元信息.最后, 结合材料相图, 玻璃随组成变化的物化性质和晶化行为以及基本网络结构单元的认识, 探讨了玻璃的化学拓扑与网络拓扑之间的联系, 为今后研究提供一种新的研究思路.     

Annealing effect on the ultrafast dynamics of Ag nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glasses

Ag nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glasses were fabricated by the ion-exchange technique. Effects of thermal treatment on the optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of Ag nanoparticles were investigated by applying time-resolved optical Kerr effect and pump-probe techniques. The results indicate that thermal treatment is an efficient method to improve the nonlinear optical performance of this kind of material.     

Fabrication of microfluidics structures on different glasses by simplified imprinting technique

Imprinting technique is an efficient method for fabricating microstructures for microfluidics and lab-on-chip applications. However such technique is not commonly used for glass based microstructures fabrication. In this study, microstructures were transferred completely and successfully from a nickel alloy stamp to different glasses such as sodalime glass, Pyrex glass, SGBN glass and magneto optical glasses, using imprinting technique. Furthermore, the traditional vacuum hot press for imprinting was replaced with the conventional electric furnace which increases the cost efficiency and simplicity greatly. Using specific mold in the conventional furnace, the mass production of microstructured glass chips can be realized.     

Breakdown voltage analysis of Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN high electron mobility transistors with partial silicon doping in the AlGaN layer

In this paper,two-dimensional electron gas（2DEG） regions in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors（HEMTs） are realized by doping partial silicon into the AlGaN layer for the first time.A new electric field peak is introduced along the interface between the AlGaN and GaN buffer by the electric field modulation effect due to partial silicon positive charge.The high electric field near the gate for the complete silicon doping structure is effectively decreased,which makes the surface electric field uniform.The high electric field peak near the drain results from the potential difference between the surface and the depletion regions.Simulated breakdown curves that are the same as the test results are obtained for the first time by introducing an acceptor-like trap into the N-type GaN buffer.The proposed structure with partial silicon doping is better than the structure with complete silicon doping and conventional structures with the electric field plate near the drain.The breakdown voltage is improved from 296 V for the conventional structure to 400 V for the proposed one resulting from the uniform surface electric field.     

Breakdown voltage analysis of Al_0.25Ga_0.75N/GaN high electron mobility transistors with partial silicon doping in the AlGaN layer

In this paper,two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG) regions in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs) are realized by doping partial silicon into the AlGaN layer for the first time.A new electric field peak is introduced along the interface between the AlGaN and GaN buffer by the electric field modulation effect due to partial silicon positive charge.The high electric field near the gate for the complete silicon doping structure is effectively decreased,which makes the surface electric field uniform.The high electric field peak near the drain results from the potential difference between the surface and the depletion regions.Simulated breakdown curves that are the same as the test results are obtained for the first time by introducing an acceptor-like trap into the N-type GaN buffer.The proposed structure with partial silicon doping is better than the structure with complete silicon doping and conventional structures with the electric field plate near the drain.The breakdown voltage is improved from 296 V for the conventional structure to 400 V for the proposed one resulting from the uniform surface electric field.     

Physical properties of multicomponent fluoride glasses for photonic and superionic applications

Heavy metal fluoride glasses are promising materials for ultra-low loss mid-infrared optical fibers. The fibers are applied in remote spectroscopy, laser surgery, and thermal imaging. Upon doping with rare earth ions, heavy metal fluoride fibers are suitable for a development of high power laser materials, up-conversion lasers, and optical amplifiers for telecommunications systems. As heavy metal fluorides are prospective fast fluoride ion conductors, fluoride glasses based on ZrF₄, BaF₂, LaF₃, AlF₃ and NaF (ZBLAN), PbF₂, InF₃, BaF₂, AlF₃, LaF₃ (PIBAL) or ZnF₂, BaF₂, InF₃, SrF₂, AlF₃, NaF (ZBISAN) are interesting for a development of glassy or fibrous ionic conductors. In this paper, the ionic conductivity and dielectric response of the abovementioned multicomponent fluoride glasses is studied. The influence of the glass composition on the glass transition temperature (T_g) and on the crystallization temperature (T_cr) is also reported. The optimum composition and drawing temperature for fluoride glass fibers is specified. Paper presented at the 7th Euroconference on Ionics, Calcatoggio, Corsica, France, Oct. 1–7, 2000.     

Correlations between Raman parameters and elemental composition in lead and lead alkali silicate glasses

This article examines the influence of the composition on the Raman spectra of lead silicate glass. Modern and historic lead alkali glasses and high‐lead glazed ceramics were analysed complementarily by Raman spectrometry and elemental techniques, either electron microprobe, proton induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) or scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM‐EDS). The results showed that lead alkali silicate and high‐lead silicate glasses can be easily distinguished from their Raman spectra profile. In lead alkali silicate glasses, continuous variations were observed in the spectra with the compositional change. In particular, the position of the intense peak around 1070 cm⁻¹ was linearly correlated to the lead content in the glass. A unique decomposition model was developed for the spectra of lead alkali silicate glasses. From the combination of the Raman and elemental analyses, correlations were established between the spectral components and the composition. These correlations permitted to interpret the spectra and access additional compositional information, such as the lead content from area ratio A₉₉₀/A_900–1150, the total alkali + alkaline‐earth content from the area ratio A₁₁₀₀/A_900–1150 or the silica content from the area ratio A₁₁₅₀/A_900–1150. In lead silicate glass containing over 25 mol% PbO, the compositional variation induced no variation in the SiO₄ network region of the Raman spectra [150–1350 cm⁻¹], therefore no correlations and compositional information could be gained from the glass spectra in this range of composition. This new development of Raman spectroscopy for the analyses of glass will be very valuable for museums to not only access compositional information non‐destructively but also to understand the structural changes involved with their alteration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

紫外激光照射引起的硅酸铅玻璃结构的变化

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱和电子自旋共振谱(ESR)对硅酸铅玻璃薄膜和体材料受紫外激光照射前后的结构变化进行了研究。研究发现：266 nm的紫外激光照射硅酸铅玻璃体材料时,能使其Urbach能量增大,即玻璃结构的无序性增大。电子自旋共振谱研究表明,266 nm激光照射不会在硅酸铅玻璃中产生顺磁缺陷中心, 也不会对硅酸铅玻璃薄膜在235 nm附近的吸收峰产生影响,但用248 nm紫外激光照射则观察到了235 nm吸收峰的光漂白现象。     

贵金属掺杂锐钛矿TiO2光催化性能的第一性原理研究

本研究采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,对纯锐钛矿TiO2及贵金属（Ru、Pd、Pt、Ag和Au）掺杂锐钛矿TiO2的晶格结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质进行了计算。结果表明：贵金属掺杂后TiO2的晶格体积都出现了不同程度的增大;Pd和Pt掺杂后TiO2体系的禁带宽度减小,Ru、Ag和Au掺杂后体系表现出了一定的金属属性,五种贵金属掺杂TiO2后吸收光谱都有红移的趋势。掺杂形成能计算表明,除Ru金属外,富氧条件下掺杂更容易实现。     

玻璃波导及两次离子交换法

本文报道Soda-lime玻璃的Ag~+-Na~+和K~+-Na~+离子交换波导的制备、特性分析;并介绍制作表面折射率元件(例如棱镜、透镜)的两次离子交换法,以及用卢瑟福后向散射谱分析玻璃离子交换后表面层的离子分布轮廓。     

Doping transition metal ions as a method for enhancement of ablation rate in femtosecond laser irradiation of silicate glass

We present a doping method to improve the femtosecond laser ablation rate and promote ablation selectivity. Doping transition metal ions, Co2＋ or Cu2＋, in silicate glass apparently change absorption spectroscopy and induce resonant absorption at wavelengths of 600 and 800 nm, respectively. Comparing with femtosecond laser processing of the same glass without doping, we find that the threshold fiuenee decreases and the ablation rate increases in resonant absorption in doped silicate glass. Resonant absorption effectively increases multiphoton ionization for seed-free electron generation, which in turn enhances avalanche ionization.     

Measurement of optical dephasing of Eu3+ and Pr3+ doped silicate glasses by spectral holeburning

Long-lived spectral holeburning has been observed in Eu³⁺ and Pr³⁺ doped silicate glasses, and used to measure homogeneous linewidths (φ_h). In the case of Eu³⁺, holes are burned by optical pumping of nuclear quadrupole levels, and our low temperature measurement of φ_h shows that the previously determined T^1.8 temperature dependence holds down to at least 1.6 K. On the other hand, in Pr³⁺ doped glass, holes are burned by optically induced local lattice rearrangements. In contrast to previously studied inorganic glasses, we find a linear temperature dependence of φ_h for the ³H₄ ? ¹D₂ transition from 1.6 K to 20 K. This was confirmed by picosecond accumulated grating photon echoes. Current theories of dephasing in glasses do not predict these temperature dependences. Holeburning has also been observed in Pr³⁺ doped BeF₂ and phosphate glasses and Nd³⁺ doped silicate glass and thus appears to be a rather general phenomenon in inorganic glasses, as has been found for molecules in organic glasses.