苯对Pt/Ga2O3/WO3/ZrO2 和Pd/Al2O3/ WO3/ZrO2催化剂上正己烷异构化反应的影响

研究了苯对Pt/Ga2O3/WO3/ZrO2 (PtGWZ)和Pd/Al2O3/ WO3/ZrO2(PdAWZ)催化剂上正己烷异构化反应的影响。结果表明,苯可影响PtGWZ和PdAWZ上正己烷异构化反应性能,苯含量越高影响越显著。与PdAWZ相比较,苯对PtGWZ上正己烷异构化反应的影响相对较小;苯对PtGWZ上正己烷异构化反应活性的影响是可逆的,撤除苯后PtGWZ对正己烷异构化的催化性能可完全恢复;苯对PtGWZ上正己烷异构化反应的稳定性没有影响。苯对PdAWZ上正己烷异构化反应活性的影响是不可逆的,PdAWZ用于含苯正己烷异构化反应催化剂会逐渐失活。热失重法积炭分析结果表明,相同条件下,含苯正己烷异构化反应后,PtGWZ上的积炭量较PdAWZ上的积炭量少。分析讨论了苯对PtGWZ和PdAWZ上正己烷异构化反应影响差异性的原因。     

Pt/Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂对正己烷异构化反应的催化性能

 通过浸渍法制备了系列Pt/Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂样品,采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和程序升温还原等方法表征了催化剂的结构、表面酸性和氧化还原性能,考察了不同反应条件下催化剂对正己烷异构化反应的催化性能. 结果表明, Pt的加入显著改变了WO3/ZrO2载体的氧化还原性,并使催化剂由单一的酸中心催化变成由酸中心与金属中心共同催化; Al2O3的加入增强了WO3与ZrO2之间的相互作用,增加了催化剂的Lewis酸位. 在n(H2)/n(n-C6H14)=1.5, WHSV=0.7 h-1, m(cat)=2.0 g, p=1.0 MPa, θ=220 ℃和t=3 h的反应条件下, Pt/Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂上正己烷的转化率和2,2-二甲基丁烷的选择性分别达到84.9%和22.9%,裂解反应产物的收率低于1.5%. 经 1000 h的寿命试验,催化剂没有出现失活.     

SO42-/ZrO2和SO42-/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂上的正戊烷反应

研究了添加Al对SO₄^2-/ZrO₂超强酸样品的晶化、比表面、硫含量、超强酸性和正戊烷反应性能的影响,考察了活化温度、反应温度、Al含量和载Pt对催化剂活性和选择性的影响.SO₄^2-/Al₂O₃ZrO₂催化剂的酸强度与SO₄^2-/ZrO₂基本相当,但超强酸位比后者多,未载Pt时正戊烷反应活性和稳定性明显高于后者.负载Pt后,正戊烷异构化选择性和稳定性大大提高,但Pt/SO₄^2-/Al₂O₃ZrO₂催化剂的反应活性与Pt/SO₄^2-/ZrO₂相近,Al的促进作用不明显.     

Al含量对Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3型固体超强酸催化剂异构化性能的影响

通过向S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂催化剂中同时引入适量的Pt和Al₂O₃, 制备出了具有较高催化性能和高稳定性的Pt-S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃型固体超强酸催化剂. 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 考察了Al含量对催化剂的异构化性能的影响, 并采用XRD, BET, FTIR, TPR, TG-DTA, NH₃-TPD和ICP手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Al能够延迟ZrO₂的晶化温度, 抑制硫的分解; Al能够增加催化剂的比表面积, 增强硫氧键的结合, 提高催化剂的还原性能, 增加催化剂的酸强度和酸总量. 当Al₂O₃质量分数为2.5%时, Pt-S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性最高, 正戊烷异构化收率可达60.02%, 选择性在98.2％以上.     

Ga2O3对Pt/WO3/ZrO2催化剂上正庚烷异构化反应的促进作用

考察了Ga2O3掺杂的Pt/WO3/ZrO2(Pt/WGZ)催化剂在200℃时正庚烷临氢异构化反应性能.结果表明,少量Ga2O3的加入能显著提高Pt/WGZ的催化活性,异构化选择性也有所增加,这是由于B酸位增加和B酸/L酸比的改变而引起的.Pt/WGZ催化剂连续反应80 h,正庚烷转化率和异构化选择性分别稳定在76%和94%.     

WO3/ZrO2固体强酸催化剂上异丁烷-丁烯烷基化反应的研究Ⅲ. 超细ZrO2载体对催化剂性能的影响

制备了以超细ZrO2为载体的WO3/ZrO2、 SO4 2-/ ZrO2、 MoO3/ZrO2固体强酸催化剂 ,并用XRD、 DTA-TG 、 H2-TPR、 NH3-TPD等方法表征了其晶型结构、表面状态和酸性. 结果表明,超细ZrO2及其催化剂均主要以T-晶相存在,与通常以Zr(OH)4为载体制备的同类催化剂相比,ZrO2中的T-晶相所占比例虽有所下降,但具有更大的比表面积、酸强度和对金属氧化物的负载能力,且酸强度随焙烧温度升高而增强,表明其表面状态亦有较大变化. 研究了以超细ZrO2为载体的固体强酸催化剂上, 异丁烷-丁烯的烷基化反应,与通常以Zr(OH)4为载体制得的催化剂相比,其具有更好的烯烃转化率,在烷基化产物中, C5～C7裂解产物较多,使C80的选择性有所下降.     

ZrO2负载量对负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体的结构及性能影响

ZrO2在基载体Al2O3表面存在分散阈值(0.242 g/gAl2O3).在ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体中,ZrO2负载量不同其分布和粒度大小不同,当ZrO2负载量在0.242 g/gAl2O3-0.60 g/gAl2O3的范围内,ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体中纳米ZrO2的粒子的大小保持在4.2 nm,且单层分布在Al2O3的表面.当ZrO2负载量大于0.60 g/gAl2O3时,纳米粒子的粒径增大,并出现多层分布或堆积.XRD、DSC、HRTEM、XPS、H2-TPR结果表明,随着ZrO2负载量增大,复合载体中纳米ZrO2的分布由单层分布转化为多层或堆积分布,ZrO2负载量为0.60 g/gAl2O3时复合载体表面积最大(164.3 m2/g),ZrO2负载量的继续提高,复合载体的表面积明显下降.     

在Pt/Al2O3催化剂上苯的内扩散对负0.9级动力学的影响

在Pt/Al₂O₃催化剂上用外循环反应器研究了内扩散对苯完全氧化动力学的影响,当用30～40目(即0.45～0.60mm)催化剂时反应在动力学区域进行.若O₂过量时则动力学区域苯的完全氧化可用-0.9级速率方程描述.当催化剂粒径增至φ6×5mm时,反应在内扩散区域进行并变为一0.1级反应.催化剂有效因子η在0.24～0.12之间.在同一温度下,η_实验随苯分压p_苯的增加而增大;而p_苯相近时,η_实验则随温度的升高而减小.动力学区域的反应活化能为55.5kJ/mol,内扩散区域的反应活化能为34.9kJ/mol,其值约为动力学区域的活化能与苯分子扩散活化能的算术平均值.     

Re/Ga2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂对正己烷异构化反应的催化性能

通过浸渍法制备了系列Re/Ga2O3/WO3/ZrO|2(ReGWZ)催化剂,采用X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原和氨气程序升温脱附等方法对催化剂进行了表征,考察了该催化剂催化正己烷异构化反应性能.结果表明,Re的引入改变了催化剂的氧化还原性能和酸中心分布,且使催化剂由单一的酸中心催化变成由酸中心与金属中心共同催化,因而正己烷异构化率和2,2-二甲基丁烷选择性显著增加.在195℃,1.0MPa,LHSV=1.0h-1和n(H2)/n(C6)=2.0的反应条件下,1.0Re/1.0GWZ催化剂上正己烷转化率、异己烷选择性和2,2-二甲基丁烷选择性分别达到84.8%,97.7%和20%,裂解产物(C5-)选择性为2.1%.150h的稳定性实验表明该催化剂性能稳定.     

ICP-AES测定废Al2O3基催化剂中Pt、Pd

研究了废Al2O3基催化剂中Pt,Pd的ICP－AES测定新方法。以王水溶解样品，在HCl(5 95)介质中，用工作曲线法对废Al2O3基催化剂中的Pt,Pd直接进行测定，不需进行基体匹配。方法的检出限分别为：Pt 0.1μg/mL，P 0.045μg／mL；样品的加标回收率为Pt 95.2%-105.5%,Pd 95.3%-100.6%;RSD(n=6)均＜9％。     

Low temperature isomerization of n-hexane on catalyst systems Al2O3/ZrO2/SO4/Pt

As a result of investigating low temperature isomerization of n-hexane at 130, 140, 150, 160°C in a flow reactor with a fixed bed of catalyst of the Al₂O₃/ZrO₂/SO₄/Pt type a ratio of components in the catalyst system was selected and process conditions were defined, which allow to obtain highly branched high-octane isomers with a yield of up to 40% relative to a transformed raw material. A kinetic model of the process was proposed and kinetic parameters were calculated.     

Influence of physico-chemical parameters on n-hexane dehydrocyclization over Pt/LTL zeolites

The influence of different physico-chemical parameters such as crystallite size, nature of framework and extra-framework cations of the zeolite LTL and the extent of platinum loading on the catalytic performance of Pt/LTL catalysts in n-hexane dehydrocyclization reaction is reported.     

乙醇对Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-22催化剂烷烃异构化性能的影响

选用SAPO-11、ZSM-22两种分子筛为载体,浸渍Pt制备了Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-22催化剂,以正庚烷为模型化合物,考察乙醇对催化剂临氢异构化反应性能的影响。并通过BET、XRD、C₂H₅OH-TPD和C₂H₅OH-FTIR等表征手段对催化剂的物化性能以及吸附反应性能和不同活性酸性位点进行了研究考察。结果表明,乙醇在临氢异构转化过程优先生成H₂O,并以H₂O的形式影响催化剂的异构化性能,催化剂异构活性与选择性随乙醇含量的增加而降低。与Pt/ZSM-22催化剂相比,Pt/SAPO-11催化剂由于有P-OH基团,表现出一定的抗含氧化物乙醇的性能。     

Dehydrogenation of dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole on Pd/Al2O3 model catalysts

To elucidate the dehydrogenation mechanism of dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole (H(12)-NEC) on supported Pd catalysts, we have performed a model study under ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions. H(12)-NEC and its final dehydrogenation product, N-ethylcarbazole (NEC), were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) at temperatures between 120 K and 520 K onto a supported model catalyst, which consisted of Pd nanoparticles grown on a well-ordered alumina film on NiAl(110). Adsorption and thermally induced surface reactions were followed by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was shown that, at 120 K, H(12)-NEC adsorbs molecularly both on the Al(2)O(3)/NiAl(110) support and on the Pd particles. Initial activation of the molecule occurs through C-H bond scission at the 8a- and 9a-positions of the carbazole skeleton at temperatures above 170 K. Dehydrogenation successively proceeds with increasing temperature. Around 350 K, breakage of one C-N bond occurs accompanied by further dehydrogenation of the carbon skeleton. The decomposition intermediates reside on the surface up to 500 K. At higher temperatures, further decay to small fragments and atomic species is observed. These species block most of the absorption sites on the Pd particles, but can be oxidatively removed by heating in oxygen at 600 K, fully restoring the original adsorption properties of the model catalyst.     

Propane oxidation with chemically bound oxygen on Pt/TiO2/Al2O3 and Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 catalysts

Possible mechanisms are suggested for propane oxidation on Pt/TiO₂/Al₂O₃ and Pt/CeO₂/Al₂O₃ catalysts in the cyclic reactant supply mode. As compared to the steady-state process, the process conducted as catalyst oxidation-reduction cycles results in a very different product composition: it is more selective toward partial oxidation products and yields much smaller amounts of complete oxidation products. It is established by isothermal and temperature-programmed oxygen desorption that, under the reaction conditions examined, the oxygen desorbed from the catalyst surface into the gas phase makes a negligible contribution to propane oxidation. It is proved by XPS that propane oxidation is due to the chemically bound oxygen of the catalyst. The hypothetical mechanism of the process includes propane activation on Pt followed by the transfer of the activated species to the oxygen-storing component (TiO₂ or CeO₂), where the intermediates are oxidized by chemically bound oxygen.     

Influence of the crystallite size of platinum on the course of hydrogenolysis and isomerization of n-butane over Pt/Al2O3 catalysts

The effect of platinum dispersity on the rate, selectivity and activation energy of hydrogenolysis and isomerization of n-butane has been studied. Maximum rates of n-butane hydrogenolysis and isomerization were observed at platinum crystallite sizes of 1.7–4.0 nm. In the same range of Pt crystallite size the activation energy of the process shows a clear minimum.

---

, 1,7–4,0 , , . Pt. Pt 3 .

     

Pt/Al2O3和Pt/CeO2/Al2O3催化甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应

研究了Pt/Al₂O₃和Pt/CeO₂/Al₂O₃对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的催化活性,发现Pt/CeO₂/Al₂O₃显示了更高的甲烷转化率和合成气选择性.用H₂-TPR、H₂-TPD、SEM-EDX和XRD等技术对催化剂进行了表征.CeO₂和Pt相互作用促进Pt在催化剂表面的分散,抑制Pt在催化剂表面的迁移;降低了催化剂的燃烧活性,提高了催化剂的部分氧化活性和选择性,可避免因催化剂床层局部温度过高而导致催化剂活性下降或失活,提高了催化剂的稳定性.同时,CeO₂通过促进水汽变换反应使反应体系迅速达到平衡,提高了催化剂对H₂的选择性.     

Hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzenes over Pd and Pt catalysts supported on cationic resins

Liquid phase hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene isomers (x-CNB x = 2, 3, 4) to the corresponding chloroanilines (x-CAN) at mild reaction conditions (0.6 MPa, 25°C, diethyl ether-methanol as solvents) over palladium and platinum catalysts containing 1 mass % of metal on trimethylammonium functionalized poly{styrene-co-divinylbenzene} (Dowex-D) was studied. The average selectivities to x-CAN over Pd/D-Cl and Pd/D-OH catalysts were 72 % and 42 %, respectively, at the x-CNB conversion of about 80 %. The average selectivities of 81 % and 84 % were achieved using Pt/D-Cl and Pt/D-OH, respectively, at the x-CNB conversion of approximately 90 %, whereas the average starting reaction rates were 1.2 × 10^?3 mol g^?1 s^?1 and 2.6 × 10^?3 mol g^?1 s^?1 (hydrogen consumption rate per mass of platinum), respectively. Under similar reaction conditions, using palladium catalysts supported on a resin with anionic groups anchored to polymeric chains at the average reaction rate equal to 3.8 × 10^?3 mol g^?1 s^?1 (hydrogen consumption rate per mass of palladium), the selectivities from 85 % (2-CAN and 3-CAN) to 95 % (4-CAN) were achieved (Kratky et al., 2002).