Ce改性的Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂用于富氢气氛下CO选择氧化

研究了Ce改性的Pt/γ-Al2O3对于富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应的催化行为.考察了制备条件(共沉积沉淀法、分步沉积沉淀法以及沉积沉淀温度)对催化活性的影响.结果表明,在80℃时用共沉积沉淀方法制备的催化剂Pt-Ce/γ-Al2O3-CP-80对CO氧化反应表现出良好的活性和选择性,CO转化率在120℃时可以达到85%.利用氢气程序升温还原和原位漫反射红外光谱对不同条件下制备的催化剂进行了表征,分析了Ce的促进作用.     

Ce改性的Pt/γ-AlO3催化剂用于富氢气氛下CO选择氧化

研究了Ce改性的Pt/γ-AlO3对于富氢气氛下CO选择氧化反应的催化行为考察了制备条件（共沉积沉淀法、分步沉积沉淀法以及沉积沉淀温度）对催化活性的影响．结果表明，在80℃时用共沉积沉淀方法制备的催化剂Pt/γ-AlO3-CP-80对CO氧化反应表现出良好的活性和选择性，CO转化率在120℃时可以达到85％．利用氢气程序升温还原和原位漫反射红外光谱对不同条件下制备的催化剂进行了表征，分析了Cc的促进作用．     

用于CO选择氧化反应的新型Pt-Fe/Al2O3催化剂

 基于前体的概念,采用调变多元醇法制备了Pt-Fe/Al2O3催化剂,并考察了其催化CO选择氧化的性能. TEM结果表明,该方法可有效控制催化剂的金属粒子粒径为2.5～3 nm; 催化剂性能测试结果表明,在80 ℃和n(CO)/n(O2)=2的条件下,Pt-3Fe/Al2O3显示出良好的催化性能和稳定性,CO转化率达99%,CO2选择性达98%,这可能是由于Pt和Fe之间的有效相互作用所致.     

表面活性剂模板法制备CeO_2/CuO催化剂用于富氢气氛中CO优先氧化

采用表面活性剂模板法合成了一组不同配比的CeO2/CuO催化剂,使用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、N2吸附脱附和程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征,并对其在富氢气氛中CO优先氧化的催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,立方相萤石结构的氧化铈颗粒粒径在4 nm左右,它们聚集成小簇后分散在块状氧化铜的表面;从粒径分布来看所制备的催化剂是逆负载型催化剂。催化性能测试结果显示,CeO2/CuO催化剂中有两种类型吸附位的存在,即由CuO提供的化学吸附位和由氧化铈提供的氧空位,而界面处两种类型吸附位的共存促进了CO的优先氧化。     

钾改性Mn/Ce0.65Zr0.35O2催化剂催化氧化甲苯

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are both harmful to human health and the environment; however, catalytic combustion offers a promising method for VOC purification because of its high efficiency without secondary pollution. Although manganese-based catalysts have been well studied for VOC catalytic oxidation, their catalytic activity at low temperature must be improved. Alkali metals as promoters have the potential to modulate the electronic and structural properties of the catalysts, improving their catalytic activity. Herein, a Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂ support was prepared by co-precipitation and MnO_x/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂ catalysts were obtained through the incipient-wetness impregnation method. The catalytic properties of K-modified MnO_x/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂ for toluene oxidation with different molar ratios of K/Mn were investigated. In addition, the catalysts were characterized by XRD, UV/visible Raman, Hydrogen temperature program reduction (H₂-TPR), Oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O₂-TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments. The results showed that alkali metal doping with K significantly improved the catalytic activity. In particular, when the molar ratio of K/Mn was 0.2, the monolith catalyst Mn/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂-K-0.2 exhibited the best performance with the lowest complete conversion temperature T₉₀ of 242 ℃ at a GHSV of 12000 h⁻¹. The XRD results suggested that MnO_x was uniformly distributed on the surface of the catalyst and that Mn⁴⁺ partially reduced to Mn³⁺ on the addition of K. The Raman spectrum demonstrated that with increasing K content, both the β- and α-MnO₂ phases coexisted on the Mn/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂-K-0.2 catalyst, increasing the number of surface defect sites. The H₂-TPR experiment results confirmed that Mn/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂-K-0.2 exhibited the lowest reduction temperature and good reducibility. From the O₂-TPD experiments, it was clear that Mn/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂-K-0.2 contained the most surface adsorbed oxygen species and excellent lattice oxygen mobility, which benefitted the toluene oxidation activity. In addition, the XPS results suggested that the content of surface adsorbed oxygen species of the Mn/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂-K-0.2 catalyst was the highest among all the tested samples. In addition, toluene-TPSR in N₂ as measured by in situ DRIFTs analysis demonstrated that available lattice oxygen was present in the Mn/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂-K-0.2 catalyst. Therefore, the Mn/Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂-K-0.2 catalyst exhibited the best redox properties and oxygen mobility of the prepared samples and showed excellent activity toward toluene oxidation. Therefore, it was concluded that the addition of an appropriate amount of K improved the redox performance of the catalyst and increased the number of surface defect sites and mobility of the lattice oxygen of the catalyst as well as the concentration of the surface active oxygen species, thereby significantly improving catalytic ability.     

微波条件下V2O5/TiO2低温选择氧化甲苯制苯甲酸

在微波辐射条件下，考察了甲苯选择氧化过程中催化剂床层温度、Ｏ２／甲苯比、原料气总空速、Ｖ２Ｏ５担载量和添加氧化物助剂等条件对Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２催化剂活性的影响．结果表明，在微波作用下，当床层温度在２５０℃，Ｏ２／甲苯摩尔比６和原料气总空速１００００ｈ－１时，１％ＭｏＯ３－８％Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２上的苯甲酸和苯甲醛的收率分别达到４１％和１４％．与传统加热的催化过程相比，苯甲酸和含氧化物的收率均有较大的提高．还初步探讨了微波对催化剂活性的影响．     

Ce0.5+xZr0.4-xLa0.1O2-Al2O3催化剂催化燃烧柴油车碳烟

采用共沉淀法制备了系列Ce_0.5+xZr_0.4-xLa_0.1O₂-Al₂O₃催化剂, 其中0≤x≤0.4且Ce_0.5+xZr_0.4-xLa_0.1O₂与Al₂O₃的质量比为1:1. 考察了该系列催化剂对柴油车排放碳烟的催化燃烧性能, 并用低温N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和氧气程序升温脱附(O₂-TPD)等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 研究结果表明该系列催化剂均形成了具有立方萤石结构的固溶体. 当x=0.2时, Ce³⁺离子在催化剂表面有一定的富集, 此时催化剂具有最大的β氧脱附峰和最好的表面还原性能, 同时具有良好的催化碳烟氧化活性, 碳烟在该催化剂的起燃温度为360 °C, 具有较好的应用前景.     

V2O5/SiO2催化剂的异丁烷选择氧化反应性能

 采用溶胶－凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V2O5／SiO2催化剂,并用XRD,IR,TPD和活性评价等手段对催化剂的表面构造、化学吸附性能和异丁烷选择氧化反应性能进行了研究．结果表明：催化剂表面由Lewis碱位V＝O双键的端氧和Lewis酸位V5＋构成,异丁烷分子主要通过甲基中的H双位吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis碱位上,异丁烯分子可通过甲基的H吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis碱位,也可通过C＝C双键吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis酸位上．在常压条件下,异丁烷选择氧化产物主要有异丁烯、甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸,其中深度氧化产物CO2主要由通过C＝C吸附的异丁烯继续反应生成．     

Ce0.5Zr0.5O2固溶体的原位拉曼光谱

控制合成条件以湿化学法制备了Ｃｅ－Ｚｒ－Ｏ（Ｃｅ）／ｎ（Ｚｒ）＝１固溶体,ＸＲＤ结果证实催化剂前体经９２３Ｋ焙烧后可获得立方相Ｃｅ０．５Ｚｒ０．５Ｏ２固溶体,ＴＥ倒固溶体颗粒大小均一、分散、呈纤毛状、在氧化和还原气氛条件下分别对固溶体进行了原位拉曼光谱研究,结果表明,除４５０－４７０ｃｍ＾－１处出现而心立方晶格Ｆ２ｇ拉曼地应的强拉曼谱峰外,２９０－３２０ｃｍ＾－１,５７－６２０ｃｍ＾－１,７７０－     

CuO/γ-Al2O3单分散催化剂的XAFS研究

采用XAFS方法研究浸渍法制备并于低温焙烧的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的局域结构.对于CuO负载量小于单层分散阈值的CuO/γ-Al2O3(0.4mmol/100m2),结果表明,CuO物种是以层状分散的孤立原子簇存在于γ-Al2O3载体表面,其第一近邻Cu-O配位环境的结构与晶态CuO的相似,键长和配位数分别为0.195nm和4.对于CuO负载量等于单层分散阈值的CuO/γ-Al2O3(0.8mmol/100m2),已有少量的CuO纳米颗粒生成.对于CuO负载量大于单层分散阈值的CuO/γ-Al2O3(1.2mmol/100m2),其结构与多晶CuO的相近.基于CuO在γ-Al2O3载体上的三种不同分散状态的结构特点,我们提出了CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构模型.     

介孔Ce1-xZrxO2负载的Cu基催化剂在富氢条件下催化CO选择性氧化

采用多元醇为模板剂合成了介孔Ce1-xZrxO2(x=0.2,0.35,0.5)固溶体材料,并以其为载体负载CuO制备了Cu基催化剂.应用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附和N2吸附-脱附等技术对载体及催化剂进行了表征,并研究了Zr的取代比例x值对载体和Cu基催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,所有Ce1-xZrxO2样品均为介孔材料,其中Ce0.5-Zr0.5O2载体样品有较大的比表面积(181m2/g),CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂样品在富氢条件下有较高的催化CO选择性氧化反应的活性和选择性.与其他催化剂样品相比,CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂样品中形成的活性中心更多,分散性更好,对CO的吸附量更大,CO脱附温度更低,活性组分与载体的相互作用更强。     

PdO-CeO2复合氧化物催化剂的CO低温氧化

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同Pd含量的PdO-CeO2复合氧化物催化剂, 并考察了该催化剂的CO低温氧化反应催化性能. 运用X射线衍射(XRD), 物理吸附(BET), CO化学吸附, 程序升温还原(TPR), 脉冲反应等技术对催化剂进行了表征. XRD结果表明, 焙烧温度从400 ℃升高到800 ℃, 有利于CexPd1-xO2-δ固溶体的形成. 然而焙烧温度升至1000 ℃时, 导致Pd从固溶体中析出. 催化剂的CO氧化活性(TOF)与CexPd1-xO2-δ固溶体的含量存在一定的对应关系. 随着CexPd1-xO2-δ固溶体含量的增加, CO氧化的TOF值大, 可见CexPd1-xO2-δ固溶体的形成对CO氧化活性有着主要的贡献. 在催化剂焙烧温度相同的条件下, 催化剂的CO氧化活性与Pd粒子大小无对应关系. 脉冲反应进一步说明PdOx的CO氧化活性高于金属Pd.     

Au/Fe2O3催化剂的制备及其对富氢气体中一氧化碳选择性氧化的催化性能

 采用共沉淀法制备了1.5%Au/Fe2O3催化剂,考察了加料方式对Au/Fe2O3催化剂化学组成及其催化富氢气体中CO选择性氧化性能的影响. 结果表明,正加法制备的Au/Fe2O3催化剂的性能明显好于反加法制备的催化剂,80 ℃时前者对富氢气体中CO选择性氧化反应的转化率为94%,CO2选择性为65%,连续反应10 h,催化剂活性没有变化. XRD,XPS和TEM等的测试结果表明,正加法制备的Au/Fe2O3催化剂中金粒子的平均粒径为2～4 nm,金粒子高度分散在载体上,并与载体之间发生了较强的相互作用,从而表现出较高的催化性能.     

三维虫孔状介孔纳米粒子Ag2O/Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2的制备、表征及其对甲烷氧化反应的催化性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂, 采用改进的共沉淀法合成了高比表面积的虫孔状介孔Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2(CZY)立方晶相结构的纳米粒子, 用浸渍法制备了Ag2O质量分数为0.2%—4.0%的Ag2O/CZY催化剂, 以XRD, HRSEM, HRTEM/SAED, H2-TPR和XPS等表征手段测定了CZY 和Ag2O/CZY催化剂的物化性质, 考察了其对甲烷氧化反应的催化性能. 结果表明, 质量分数为2.0%的Ag2O/CZY催化剂在空速为50000 h-1、甲烷/氧气摩尔比为1:4和反应温度为600 ℃的条件下, 可使甲烷完全氧化成CO2和H2O, 且基本上消除了在升温、降温过程中甲烷转化率随温度变化的“滞后回线”现象. 可见, Ag2O/CZY的优良催化性能与CZY具有发达的三维虫孔状介孔结构、较大的比表面积、较强的储释氧能力及其稳定活性相Ag2O等因素有关.     

Gas Phase Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene to Benzaldehyde on V2O5-Ag2O／η-Al2O3 Catalyst

Gas phase selective catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde was studied on V2O5-Ag2O/η-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM,and FT-IR. The catalytic results showed that toluene conversion and selectivity for benzaldehyde on catalyst sample No.4 (V/(V Ag)=0.68) was higher than other catalysts with different V/Ag ratios. This was attributed to the higher surface area, larger pore volume and pore diameter of the catalyst sample No.4 than the other catalysts. The XRD patterns recorded from the catalyst before and after the oxidation reaction revealed that the new phases were developed, and this suggested that silver had entered the vanadium lattice. XPS results showed that the vanadium on the surface of No.4 and No.5 sample was more than that in the bulk, thus forming a vanadium rich layer on the surface. It was noted that when the catalyst was doped by potassium promoter, the toluene conversion and selectivity for benzalde hydewere higher than those on the undoped catalyst. This was attributed to the disordered structure of V2O5 lattice of the K-doped catalyst and a better interfacial contact between the particles.     

Gas Phase Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene to Benzaldehyde on V2O5-Ag2O/η-Al2O3 Catalyst

Gas phase selective catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde was studied on V2O5-Ag2O/η-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM,and FT-IR. The catalytic results showed that toluene conversion and selectivity for benzaldehyde on catalyst sample No.4 (V/(V Ag)=0.68) was higher than other catalysts with different V/Ag ratios. This was attributed to the higher surface area, larger pore volume and pore diameter of the catalyst sample No.4 than the other catalysts. The XRD patterns recorded from the catalyst before and after the oxidation reaction revealed that the new phases were developed, and this suggested that silver had entered the vanadium lattice. XPS results showed that the vanadium on the surface of No.4 and No.5 sample was more than that in the bulk, thus forming a vanadium rich layer on the surface. It was noted that when the catalyst was doped by potassium promoter, the toluene conversion and selectivity for benzaldehyde were higher than those on the undoped catalyst. This was attributed to the disordered structure of V2O5 lattice of the K-doped catalyst and a better interfacial contact between the particles.     

CO在纳米CeO2负载的Pd-Cu催化剂上的低温催化氧化

用溶胶-凝胶法制得了平均晶粒度为15nm的CeO2粉体,并用浸渍法制备了Pd-Cu/纳米CeO2催化剂;通过XRD、SEM和HRTEM等表征手段研究了纳米CeO2粉体和Pd-Cu/纳米CeO2催化剂的性能;考察了催化剂对CO的低温催化氧化活性.结果表明纳米CeO2粉体负载的Pd-Cu催化剂对CO的低温催化氧化活性明显优于一般CeO2颗粒负载的Pd-Cu催化剂,其CO完全氧化的最低温度比Pd-Cu/热分解法CeO2催化剂低约70℃,比Pd-Cu/工业CeO2催化剂低约130℃.因此,纳米CeO2粉体作载体可极大地提高Pd-Cu催化剂的CO氧化性能.     

Selective Oxidation of CO in Excess H2 over Ru/Al2O3 Catalysts Modified with Metal Oxide

The Ru/Al_2O_3 catalysts modified with metal oxide(K_2O and La_2O_3)were prepared via incipient wetness impregnation method from RuCl_3·nH_2O mixed with nitrate loading on Al_2O3 support. The activity of catalysts was evaluated under simulative conditions for the preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX)from the hydrogen-rich gas streams produced by reforming gas,and the performances of catalysts were investigated by XRD and TPR.The results showed that the activity temperature of the modified catalysts Ru-K_2O/Al_2O3 and Ru-La_2O_3/Al_2O_3 were lowered approximately 30℃compared with pure Ru/Al_2O_3,and the activity temperature range was widened.The conversion of CO on Ru-K_2O/Al_2O_3 and Ru-La_2O_3/Al_2O_3 was above 99% at 140-160℃,suitable to remove CO in a hydrogen-rich gas and the selectivity of Ru-La_2O_3/Al_2O_3 was higher than that of Ru-K_2O/Al_2O_3 in the active temperature range. Slight methanation reaction was detected at 220℃and above.