一个高分辨率的矢通量分裂—TVD杂交新格式

本文提出了一个新的杂交格式,它将Steger-Warming的矢通量分裂与Harten的TVD格式紧密结合在一起,构造了一个高分辨率的新格式,用于计算跨声速流场和捕获激波。典型的定常跨声速叶栅流算例表明:当Courant数取6～100时,一般在90步内残差的二范数下降三个数量级,这样的收敛率要比Beam-Warming格式快得多;观察残差的收敛历史发现:收敛曲线并无大的波动;分析激波附近的数值结果,没出现“低亏,过跳”、伪振荡现象,叶盆和叶背面上激波前或激波后的参数无波动;在60×15网格下捕获的激波过渡区不超过2个网格,表明了该格式具有较高的分辨率,能在不人为附加耗散项的条件下给出高质量无数值波动的激波流场解。     

数值耗散对压气机流动分离涡模拟的影响研究

分离涡模拟DES是压气机流动模拟中常用的高保真湍流模式。为了使DES准确解析湍流,数值耗散必须限制在合理范围内。然而,当前的压气机流动DES类研究工作中仍然普遍采用高耗散的迎风格式。本文首先基于DES类方法计算的各向同性衰减湍流结果,定量比较了多种不同数值格式的耗散,证实了高耗散迎风格式严重低估中高波数湍流能量。高阶重构格式可以一定程度上改善该问题,但能量耗散仍然过高。本文在高阶重构的基础上,进一步引入自适应耗散函数修改Riemann求解器,构造了自适应耗散格式。该格式在全波数范围都能准确地预测湍流能谱。将该格式配合DES类方法模拟跨声速离心压气机流动,其预测的压比相比于三阶迎风格式,更加接近实验结果。此外,自适应耗散格式显著提高了中小尺度流动结构的分辨率。分析表明,在使用DES类方法模拟压气机流动时,有必要采用数值耗散较低的离散格式,以准确预测压气机总体性能和流动结构。本文构造的自适应耗散格式是一种良好选择。     

用隐式方法和WENO格式计算悬停旋翼跨声速无粘流场

寻找一种能够准确计算以涡为主要特征的复杂流场和克服尾迹耗散问题的数值方法,一直是旋翼空气动力学研究的热点和难点。本文发展了一种基于高阶迎风格式计算悬停旋翼无粘流场的隐式数值方法。无粘通量采用Roe通量差分分裂格式,为提高精度,使用五阶WENO格式进行左右状态插值,并与MUSCL插值进行比较。为提高收敛到定常解的效率,时间推进采用LU-SGS隐式方法。用该方法对一跨声速悬停旋翼无粘流场进行了数值计算,数值结果表明WENO-Roe的激波分辨率高于MUSCL-Roe,体现出了格式精度的提高对计算结果的改善,LU-SGS隐式方法的计算效率比5步Runge-Kutta显式方法的高。     

Van Leer格式在全速域范围的推广

通过对格式耗散项的修正将Van Leer格式推广至全速域流场求解范围.对格式耗散项的分析表明,在低马赫数流动情况下格式耗散项中不应包含声速项,以此为依据对Van Leer迎风分裂格式提出了耗散项的修正方法.结合对控制方程时间导数项的预处理,修正后的格式能够成功地模拟低速流动问题,同时在其他马赫数范围内也不损失格式的收敛...     

对“二阶迎风TVD数值格式在非平衡高超声速钝体绕流中的运用”一文的讨论

对“二阶迎风ＴＶＤ数值格式在非平衡高超声速钝体绕流中的运用”一文的讨论胡光初（中国空气动力研究与发展中心，四川绵阳６２１０００）１９９６１１１１收到．为了方便讨论，将我们于１９９４年３月在《力学学报》第２期上发表的“二阶迎风ＴＶＤ数值格式在非平衡...     

近似黎曼解对高超声速气动热计算的影响研究

高超声速流场计算一般采用TVD型格式,这些格式中,大多采用了不同形式的近似黎曼解. 通过分析和数值验证,论述了激波捕捉格式中近似黎曼解的耗散性质,说明其对高超声速热流计算的影响. 数值实验证明,采用低耗散格式可大大提高热流计算精度,降低热流计算对网格的依赖程度,从而获得精确的热流数值解.      

高精度非线性格式WCNS的分析研究与其应用

首先将Fourier方法推广于高维方向研究了五阶精度WCNS的特性,并与其他高阶格式进行比较。分析结果表明WCNS的高精度特性普遍接近甚至好于迎风偏置五阶显式格式EUW-5与Pade′标准格式。然后开展了WCNS的应用研究,采用高效率的WCNS-E-5数值模拟了含强激波的高维复杂流场。算例包括二维高超声速边界层对自由流扰动波的吸收问题以及三维球头绕流问题。计算结果反映出WCNS-E-5对激波等间断的良好捕捉能力,图像清晰光滑,数据准确可靠。     

对“二阶迎风TVD数值格式在非平衡高超声速钝体绕流中的应用”一文的讨论

为了方便讨论，将我们于1994年3月在《力学学报》第2期上发表的“M阶迎风TVD数值格式在非平衡高超声速钝体绕流中的应用”一文列为本文参考文献［6］．IYee．Harten二阶迎风TVD格式粘性流场计算结果的可靠性问题文［6］和本文所提到的Yee～HartenTVD格式的二阶精度是指一维标量偏微分方程离散的差分格式的计算精度（此处引用文献［1］原文作者的提法Second－OrderUnwindTVDSCheme）根据Yee；H．C．（见文献［1］）和国内学者（见文献［7～10，12］）研究表明Yee－HartenTVD格式直接推广到多维情况下，计算结果分辨率高并具有足…     

对“二阶迎风TVD数值格式在非平衡高超声速钝体绕流中的应用”一文的意见

看了《力学学报》第26卷第2期（1994年3月）发表的胡光初[1]等同志的论文“M阶迎风TVD数值格式在非平衡高超声速钝体绕流中的应用”一文以后，关于计算精度和结果可靠性问题。我们提出以下不同的意见．在文问中多处讲到关于格式的精度问题，并一再强调以前这项研究工作别人用的     

一种求解抛物化Navier-Stokes方程的空间推进算法

讨论了抛物化NS方程(parabolized Navier-Stokesequations, PNS)的数学性质,对比分析多种处理流向压力梯度的方法的优缺点. 以此为基础,成功地将LU-SGS隐式时间积分方法推广到PNS方程的流向空间积分上,发展了基于PNS方程的有限体积单次扫描空间推进算法(single-sweep parabolized Navier-Stokesalgorithm, SSPNS). 在该算法中,横向无黏数值通量和黏性通量分别采用混合型迎风格式和中心格式求解. 用SSPNS算法计算了4个典型流场,包括超声速平板流、15$^\circ$楔板压缩高超声速流、带攻角的高超声速锥形流和侧压式高超声速进气道流动. SSPNS计算结果与NASA UPS程序数值结果、文献提供的实验数据及理论分析结果符合得很好.对比研究表明,SSPNS 法与传统时间迭代法相比,二者计算精度相当,而SSPNS计算速度快1~2个量级,存储量至少低1个量级.关键词 抛物化NS方程;空间推进算法;LU-SGS隐式积分方法;超声速/高超声速流动      

叶栅可压缩流场的数值分析

将一维ＡＵＳＭ＾＋格式与三阶精度ＭＵＳＣＬ格式融合,给出了其在任意风线坐标下的二维形式,采用有限体积法,将ＡＵＳＭ＾＋格式与Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ格式结合,对叶栅可压缩流场进行了数值模拟,典型算例的计算结果与有关献结果相符很好,表明ＲＫ－ＡＵＳＭ＾＋混合格式对叶栅可压缩流场进行数值模拟是可行的。     

附面层修正应用于无网格算法的研究

研究了无网格算法中的附面层修正方法,在一种布置点云方法的基础上,发展一种曲面拟合的重构方式构造流场物理量;找出了无网格算法与网格算法之间的联系,成功将AUSM＋-up格式移植到无网格算法当中,并应用于计算欧拉方程的数值通量;计算中采用了一种改进的隐式时间推进,并引入当地时间步长和残值光顺等加速收敛措施,成功的将附面层修...     

An immersed boundary solver for inviscid compressible flows

In this paper, a simple and efficient immersed boundary (IB) method is developed for the numerical simulation of inviscid compressible Euler equations. We propose a method based on coordinate transformation to calculate the unknowns of ghost points. In the present study, the body‐grid intercept points are used to build a complete bilinear (2‐D)/trilinear (3‐D) interpolation. A third‐order weighted essentially nonoscillation scheme with a new reference smoothness indicator is proposed to improve the accuracy at the extrema and discontinuity region. The dynamic blocked structured adaptive mesh is used to enhance the computational efficiency. The parallel computation with loading balance is applied to save the computational cost for 3‐D problems. Numerical tests show that the present method has second‐order overall spatial accuracy. The double Mach reflection test indicates that the present IB method gives almost identical solution as that of the boundary‐fitted method. The accuracy of the solver is further validated by subsonic and transonic flow past NACA2012 airfoil. Finally, the present IB method with adaptive mesh is validated by simulation of transonic flow past 3‐D ONERA M6 Wing. Global agreement with experimental and other numerical results are obtained.     

Calculations of 3D compressible flows using an efficient low diffusion upwind scheme

A newly suggested E‐CUSP upwind scheme is employed for the first time to calculate 3D flows of propulsion systems. The E‐CUSP scheme contains the total energy in the convective vector and is fully consistent with the characteristic directions. The scheme is proved to have low diffusion and high CPU efficiency. The computed cases in this paper include a transonic nozzle with circular‐to‐rectangular cross‐section, a transonic duct with shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction, and a subsonic 3D compressor cascade. The computed results agree well with the experiments. The new scheme is proved to be accurate, efficient and robust for the 3D calculations of the flows in this paper. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ANALYSIS/DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF TRANSONIC FLOWS

SUMMARY

Analysis/design calculations of transonic flow are discussed and several improvements are made. The nonisentropic potential method is used to calculate the inviscid transonic flow analysis problem instead of the traditional potential method. An inverse integral 3D boundary layer method is used to calculate the boundary layer in the viscous transonic flow analysis problem. The viscous/inviscid interaction calculations are carried out by a semi-inverse coupling scheme. In design problem calculations, an improved residual-correction method is used. Three individual methods are combined in a global algorithm and computing code. The improvements speed up the convergence, increase applicability and computational efficiency. Some numerical results are given to illustrate that the present method provides an effective engineering tool of high accuracy and efficiency in three dimensional transonic analysis and design situations.     

无网格算法在多段翼型流动计算中的应用

研究了一种求解欧拉方程的无网格算法，发展出了一套布点及点云自动生成的方法；在点云离散的基础上，采用最小二乘法求解矛盾方程的方法来求取空间导数，进而获得数值通量；采用四步龙格-库塔方法进行时间推进，并引入当地时间步长和残值光顺等加速收敛措施。通过对NA-CA0012翼型的跨音速流动和多段翼型复杂绕流的数值模拟，验证了上述无网格算法的正确性和实用性。     

基于非线性状态空间辨识的气动弹性模型降阶

高维、非线性气动弹性系统的模型降阶是当前气动弹性力学与控制领域的研究热点之一.然而国内外现有的非线性模型降阶方法仍存在辨识算法复杂、精度有待提高等问题.本研究提出了一种基于非线性状态空间辨识的跨音速气动弹性模型降阶方法. 首先,该方法基于非定常空气动力的单位脉冲响应数据,采用特征系统实现算法对非线性状态空间模型的线性动力学部分进行系统辨识. 其次,引入状态和控制输入的非线性函数, 采用优化算法对非线性函数的系数矩阵进行优化,进而得到考虑非线性效应的空气动力降阶模型.为了验证该降阶模型在预测跨音速气动弹性力学行为的精确性,本文以三维机翼为研究对象,分别从基于非线性降阶模型的气动力辨识、跨声速颤振边界计算和极限环振荡预测三方面进行了算例验证,并与现有的模型降阶方法进行了对比, 进一步说明本文所提出方法的有效性.研究结果表明, 该降阶模型对上述三类问题的计算精度与直接流-固耦合方法相吻合,可用于高效预测飞行器跨声速气动弹性力学行为.      

Rotor wake capture improvement based on high-order spatially accurate schemes and chimera grids

A high-order upwind scheme has been developed to capture the vortex wake of a helicopter rotor in the hover based on chimera grids. In this paper, an improved fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme is adopted to interpolate the higher-order left and right states across a cell interface with the Roe Riemann solver updating inviscid flux, and is compared with the monotone upwind scheme for scalar conservation laws (MUSCL). For profitably capturing the wake and enforcing the period boundary condition, the computation regions of flows are discretized by using the structured chimera grids composed of a fine rotor grid and a cylindrical background grid. In the background grid, the mesh cells located in the wake regions are refined after the solution reaches the approximate convergence. Considering the interpolation characteristic of the WENO scheme, three layers of the hole boundary and the interpolation boundary are searched. The performance of the schemes is investigated in a transonic flow and a subsonic flow around the hovering rotor. The results reveal that the present approach has great capabilities in capturing the vortex wake with high resolution, and the WENO scheme has much lower numerical dissipation in comparison with the MUSCL scheme.     

Theoretical and Numerical Studies of Transonic Flow of Moist Air Around a Thin Airfoil

Numerical studies of a two-dimensional and steady transonic flow of moist air around a thin airfoil with condensation are presented. The computations are guided by a recent transonic small-disturbance (TSD) theory of Rusak and Lee (2000) on this topic. The asymptotic model provides a simplified framework to investigate the changes in the flow field caused by the heat addition from a nonequilibrium process of condensation of water vapor in the air by homogeneous nucleation. An iterative method which is based on a type-sensitive difference scheme is applied to solve the governing equations. The results demonstrate the similarity rules for transonic flow of moist air and the effects of energy supply by condensation on the flow behavior. They provide a method to formulate various cases with different flow properties that have a sufficiently close behavior and that can be used in future computations, experiments, and design of flow systems operating with moist air. Also, the computations show that the TSD solutions of moist air flows represent the essence of the flow character computed from the inviscid fluid flow equations. Received 5 October 2000 and accepted 21 March 2002     

AUFS 格式在无网格方法中的应用简

将计算量小,激波分辨率高的AUFS (artificially upstream flux vector splitting) 格式应用于无网格方法. 所发展算法基于多项式基函数最小二乘无网格方法,采用线性基函数曲面拟合及AUFS 格式计算各离散点的空间导数,应用四阶Runge-Kutta 法进行时间显式推进. 为验证算法健壮性、精度以及计算效率,对Riemann 问题、超音速平面流动,以及不同攻角NACA0012 翼型跨音速流场进行了数值模拟,其结果同采用HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer-contact) 格式的无网格方法以及文献报道结果吻合较好,并且计算量较形式简单HLLC 格式减少约15%.